Trial Outcomes & Findings for Manipulating Linguistic Complexity to Improve Child Language Treatment Outcomes (NCT NCT03977701)

Last Updated: 2023-03-09

Results Overview

The Treatment Probe is made of the selected treatment stimuli (words) that are consistent with the child's assigned experimental condition, and evaluates production accuracy of the treatment target within the verb stimuli. The treatment targets in these words have a consonant singleton or consonant cluster ("tee" vs. "tree", "sees" vs. "seats"), and are mono- or bi-morphemic contexts ("tease" vs. "sees"). Children are asked to pronounce each word following presentation of a corresponding picture and a verbal prompt. The Treatment Probe allows us to track the effectiveness of treatment on the target consonant or consonant cluster in the treated stimuli. Accuracy of the consonant or consonant cluster is binary, as 'incorrect' (e.g., "tee" for target "tree") or 'correct' (e.g., "tree" for target "tree").

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

41 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Change in percentage of consonant or consonant cluster accuracy (depending on Arm/Group) from first treatment session to final treatment session; up to 6 weeks.

Results posted on

2023-03-09

Participant Flow

Participants were recruited between June 2019 and December 2021 through schools and community organizations. The first participant was enrolled on 06/01/2019 and the last participant was enrolled on 12/31/2021.

Of 41 participants recruited, 22 met eligibility requirements for participation. Two did not get assigned to study arms due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and one withdrew and opted for treatment elsewhere. Two did not complete protocol due to pandemic; corresponding Arms/Groups (PD-SLI) were discontinued. At pandemic onset, we limited enrollment to 2 Arms/Groups (Mono/Bi Cluster PD). Caregivers were NOT enrolled, were not participants in study, per protocol; no Arms/Groups for caregivers.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.
Overall Study STARTED	7	1	10	1
Overall Study COMPLETED	7	0	10	0
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	1	0	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.
Overall Study COVID-19 pandemic	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0

Baseline Characteristics

Manipulating Linguistic Complexity to Improve Child Language Treatment Outcomes

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD n=7 Participants Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI n=1 Participants Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD n=10 Participants Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI n=1 Participants Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Total n=19 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	7 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	1 Participants n=10 Participants	10 Participants n=115 Participants	1 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=64 Participants	19 Participants n=17 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=64 Participants	0 Participants n=17 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	0 Participants n=64 Participants	0 Participants n=17 Participants
Age, Continuous	—	—	54.7 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=5 Participants	—	—	70 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=10 Participants	57.3 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=115 Participants	83 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=6 Participants	—	—	59.6 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 • n=17 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	—	—	5 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	1 Participants n=10 Participants	3 Participants n=115 Participants	1 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	10 Participants n=17 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	—	—	2 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	7 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	9 Participants n=17 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	—	—	3 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	2 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	5 Participants n=17 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	—	—	2 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	1 Participants n=10 Participants	4 Participants n=115 Participants	1 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	8 Participants n=17 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	—	—	2 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	4 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	6 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	—	—	0 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	—	—	0 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	—	—	0 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	0 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	—	—	0 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	1 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	1 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	—	—	4 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	1 Participants n=10 Participants	5 Participants n=115 Participants	1 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	11 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	—	—	1 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	1 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	2 Participants n=17 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	—	—	2 Participants n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Participants n=10 Participants	3 Participants n=115 Participants	0 Participants n=6 Participants	—	—	5 Participants n=17 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	—	—	7 participants n=5 Participants	—	—	1 participants n=10 Participants	10 participants n=115 Participants	1 participants n=6 Participants	—	—	19 participants n=17 Participants
Treatment Probe	—	—	2 Percentage accuracy of target consonant STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=5 Participants	—	—	0 Percentage accuracy of target consonant STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=10 Participants	1 Percentage accuracy of target consonant STANDARD_DEVIATION 2 • n=115 Participants	10 Percentage accuracy of target consonant STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=6 Participants	—	—	1.7 Percentage accuracy of target consonant STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 • n=17 Participants
Generalization Probe	—	—	57 Percent accuracy of target consonants STANDARD_DEVIATION 20 • n=5 Participants	—	—	53.3 Percent accuracy of target consonants STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=10 Participants	57 Percent accuracy of target consonants STANDARD_DEVIATION 10 • n=115 Participants	54.5 Percent accuracy of target consonants STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=6 Participants	—	—	57 Percent accuracy of target consonants STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 • n=17 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in percentage of consonant or consonant cluster accuracy (depending on Arm/Group) from first treatment session to final treatment session; up to 6 weeks.

Population: Participants who completed study protocol within each arm. Reporting percentage of change in accuracy for treated target consonant or consonant cluster as presented in the verb stimuli.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD n=7 Participants Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD n=10 Participants Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.
Treatment Probe Accuracy Change	—	—	26 percent accuracy of target consonants Standard Deviation 36	—	—	—	23 percent accuracy of target consonants Standard Deviation 38	—	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Change in percent consonant accuracy from baseline to immediately following final treatment session; up to 6 weeks.

Population: Participants who completed study protocol within each arm. Reporting percentage of change in speech sound accuracy for untreated, monitored speech sounds.

The Generalization Probe consists of words and phrases that target each consonant, cluster, and morpho-syntactic constructs a minimum of 10 times across relevant contexts (i.e., word- and utterance-position). The Generalization Probe allows us to track the effects of treatment (generalization) to untreated stimuli and to monitor control variables by measuring production accuracy of stimuli. The Generalization Probe samples each consonant and consonant cluster of the target language across multiple words and contexts. Children are asked to pronounce each word following presentation of a corresponding picture and a verbal prompt. Accuracy of the consonant or consonant cluster is binary, as 'incorrect' (e.g., "tee" for target "see") or 'correct' (e.g., "see" for target "see").

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic singleton consonants for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD n=7 Participants Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Mono-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Speech sound treatment on mono-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton PD-SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD n=10 Participants Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster PD-SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with PD-SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Singleton SLI Treatment on singletons in bi-morphemic contexts for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.	Bi-morphemic Cluster SLI Treatment on bi-morphemic consonant clusters for children with SLI. Phonological treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of speech sound targets following the methodology of Gierut and colleagues. Up to 100 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session. Morpheme treatment: The clinician will provide models, verbal and/or tactile cues, and/or conversational recasts of targeted morphemes following the methodology of Plante and colleagues. A minimum of 50 productions will be targeted per 1-hour session.
Generalization Probe Accuracy Change	—	—	2 percent accuracy of target consonants Standard Deviation 7	—	—	—	1 percent accuracy of target consonants Standard Deviation 5	—	—	—

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr Jessica Barlow, Principal Investigator

San Diego State University

Phone: 6195943807

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place