Trial Outcomes & Findings for Comparative Analysis of Outcomes Among Patients Initiating Xeljanz in Combination With Oral MTX Who Withdraw MTX Versus Continue MTX (NCT NCT03975790)

Results Overview

Number of participants covered by type of insurance is reported. There were two types of insurance: 1) a private insurance plan, that is, one purchased by the participants, commercially available; 2) employer-provided insurance plan, that is, the participant's employer provided the insurance.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

479 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Results posted on

2023-06-09

Participant Flow

The study was a retrospective population-based register study. Detailed data on each participant was retrieved from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Database and assessed in this study.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of more than (\>)60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Overall Study STARTED	337	94	48
Overall Study COMPLETED	337	94	48
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Total n=479 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	56.10 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.37 • n=337 Participants	55.02 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.81 • n=94 Participants	58.08 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.43 • n=48 Participants	56.09 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.18 • n=479 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	269 Participants n=337 Participants	82 Participants n=94 Participants	35 Participants n=48 Participants	386 Participants n=479 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	68 Participants n=337 Participants	12 Participants n=94 Participants	13 Participants n=48 Participants	93 Participants n=479 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants covered by type of insurance is reported. There were two types of insurance: 1) a private insurance plan, that is, one purchased by the participants, commercially available; 2) employer-provided insurance plan, that is, the participant's employer provided the insurance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants as Per Type of Insurance Plan Private insurance plan	36 Participants	13 Participants	9 Participants
Number of Participants as Per Type of Insurance Plan Insurance plan from employer	301 Participants	81 Participants	39 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants enrolled in the study per geographic region of the United States (northeast; north central; south; west; unknown) is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants in Each Geographic Region Northeast Region	81 Participants	25 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants in Each Geographic Region North Central Region	76 Participants	17 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants in Each Geographic Region South Region	150 Participants	47 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants in Each Geographic Region West Region	29 Participants	5 Participants	3 Participants
Number of Participants in Each Geographic Region Unknown Region	1 Participants	0 Participants	0 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with use of at least one bDMARD during pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any tumor-necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi), any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (bDMARD) Use During Pre-Index Period	225 Participants	59 Participants	31 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with use of at least one bDMARD during variable length pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant, could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (bDMARD) Use During Variable Length Pre-Index Period	247 Participants	69 Participants	36 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of bDMARD received during pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=225 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=59 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=31 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (bDMARD) Received During Pre-Index Period	1.38 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.59	1.31 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.46	1.23 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.50

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of bDMARD received during variable length pre-index period is reported. The bDMARD could have been any TNFi, any non-TNFi, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, anakinra, abatacept, tocilizumab or rituximab. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=247 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=69 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=36 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (bDMARD) Received During Variable Length Pre-Index Period	1.81 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.87	1.55 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.76	1.50 bDMARD Standard Deviation 0.61

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of Participants with NB-DMARD use during pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Non-biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (NB-DMARD) Use During Pre-Index Period	333 Participants	93 Participants	47 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated for reporting groups with 100% response.

Number of Participants with NB-MARD use during variable length pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (NB-DMARD) Use During Variable Length Pre-Index Period	334 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of NB-DMARD received during pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=333 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=93 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=47 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (NB-DMARD) Received During Pre-Index Period	1.46 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.67	1.41 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.63	1.40 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.65

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of NB-DMARD received during variable length pre-index period is reported. The NB-DMARD could have been hydroxychloroquine, MTX oral, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, cyclosporine, thalidomide, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, auranofin, aurothioglucose, gold sodium thiomalate, penicillamine, tacrolimus or minocycline. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=334 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Non-Biologic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (NB-DMARD) Received During Variable Length Pre-Index Period	1.62 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.77	1.52 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.70	1.63 NB-DMARD Standard Deviation 0.82

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The mean Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Score during the Pre-Index Period is reported. Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Score predicts the probability of death within one year in participants and was based on the presence of any diagnosis codes on medical claims at any time during the 12-month pre-index period, based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes. Total score ranges from 0 to 9.0. A score of zero indicates that no comorbidities were found. The higher the score, the more likely the predicted outcome could result in mortality or higher healthcare resource utilization.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Quan-Charlson Comorbidity Score of Participants	1.69 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.08	1.76 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.18	1.90 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.46

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated between reporting groups for specified rows with 100% response.

Top 25 comorbid conditions: 1) rheumatoid arthritis/related disease, 2)other aftercare, 3)other connective tissue disease, 4)other non-traumatic joint disorders, 5)medical examination/evaluation, 6) other suspected conditions(other miscellaneous conditions other than mental disorders/infectious disease), 7)immunizations/screening for infectious disease, 8)osteoarthritis, 9)essential hypertension, 10) residual codes: unclassified, 11)disorders of lipid metabolism, 12)back problems, 13)other upper respiratory infections, 14)other lower respiratory disease, 15)other nervous system disorders, 16)other skin disorders, 17)thyroid disorders, 18)other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities, 19) malaise/fatigue, 20)esophageal disorders, 21)nutritional deficiencies, 22)other nutritional: endocrine, metabolic disorders, 23)diabetes mellitus without complication, 24)other/unspecified benign neoplasm, 25)genitourinary symptoms/ill-defined conditions. A participant could have had \>=1 comorbidity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Thyroid disorders	95 Participants	24 Participants	9 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Rheumatoid arthritis/related disease	337 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other aftercare	277 Participants	68 Participants	36 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other connective tissue disease	203 Participants	66 Participants	26 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other non-traumatic joint disorders	200 Participants	56 Participants	29 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Medical examination/evaluation	195 Participants	56 Participants	24 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other suspected conditions	179 Participants	49 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Immunizations/screening for infectious disease	176 Participants	44 Participants	19 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Osteoarthritis	154 Participants	37 Participants	28 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Essential hypertension	144 Participants	44 Participants	27 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Residual codes; unclassified	144 Participants	42 Participants	23 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Disorders of lipid metabolism	147 Participants	36 Participants	22 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Back problems	128 Participants	48 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other upper respiratory infections	114 Participants	31 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other lower respiratory disease	101 Participants	30 Participants	18 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other nervous system disorders	98 Participants	33 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other skin disorders	97 Participants	16 Participants	16 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities	88 Participants	26 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Malaise/fatigue	81 Participants	21 Participants	9 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Esophageal disorders	74 Participants	23 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Nutritional deficiencies	75 Participants	22 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other nutritional: endocrine, metabolic disorders	74 Participants	17 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Diabetes mellitus without complication	72 Participants	18 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Other/unspecified benign neoplasm	65 Participants	18 Participants	5 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Pre-Index Period Genitourinary symptoms/ill-defined conditions	59 Participants	12 Participants	9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Top 25 comorbid conditions: 1) rheumatoid arthritis/related disease, 2)other aftercare, 3)other connective tissue disease, 4)other non-traumatic joint disorders, 5)medical examination/evaluation, 6) other suspected conditions(other miscellaneous conditions other than mental disorders/infectious disease), 7)immunizations/screening for infectious disease, 8)osteoarthritis, 9)essential hypertension, 10) residual codes: unclassified, 11)disorders of lipid metabolism, 12)back problems, 13)other upper respiratory infections, 14)other lower respiratory disease, 15)other nervous system disorders, 16)other skin disorders, 17)thyroid disorders, 18)other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities, 19) malaise/fatigue, 20)esophageal disorders, 21)nutritional deficiencies, 22)other nutritional: endocrine, metabolic disorders, 23)diabetes mellitus without complication, 24)other/unspecified benign neoplasm, 25)Other upper respiratory disease. A participant could have had \>=1 comorbidity.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other upper respiratory disease	67 Participants	18 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Rheumatoid arthritis/related disease	336 Participants	92 Participants	48 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other aftercare	290 Participants	69 Participants	39 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other connective tissue disease	187 Participants	54 Participants	32 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other suspected conditions	186 Participants	57 Participants	29 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Medical examination/evaluation	186 Participants	51 Participants	22 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other non-traumatic joint disorders	169 Participants	53 Participants	29 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Essential hypertension	156 Participants	51 Participants	26 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Residual codes; unclassified	165 Participants	42 Participants	23 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Disorders of lipid metabolism	155 Participants	42 Participants	20 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Osteoarthritis	141 Participants	41 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Immunizations/screening for infectious disease	142 Participants	44 Participants	15 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Back problems	138 Participants	38 Participants	25 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other upper respiratory infections	123 Participants	29 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other nervous system disorders	100 Participants	37 Participants	20 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other lower respiratory disease	106 Participants	28 Participants	20 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other skin disorders	100 Participants	30 Participants	17 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other nutritional, endocrine, metabolic disorders	104 Participants	25 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Thyroid disorders	90 Participants	23 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other bone disease/musculoskeletal deformities	90 Participants	20 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Nutritional deficiencies	74 Participants	25 Participants	16 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Diabetes mellitus without complication	71 Participants	24 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Esophageal disorders	71 Participants	19 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Malaise/fatigue	69 Participants	17 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With Top 25 Comorbid Conditions as Per Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) During Post-Index Period Other/unspecified benign neoplasm	60 Participants	19 Participants	11 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The mean of the CIRAS score during pre-index period is reported. The CIRAS is based on claims at any time during the 12-month pre-index period, used to measure RA disease severity using 9 measures (age at index, gender, inflammatory marker test ordered, rehabilitation visit, rheumatoid factor test, Felty's syndrome, number of platelet counts ordered, number of chemistry panels ordered, rheumatologist visit). Value of all 9 measure was used to derive the overall CIRAS score which ranges from 0-7.9 with higher value indicating greater severity of RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Claims Based Index of RA Severity (CIRAS) Score During Pre-Index Period	4.57 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.37	4.76 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.50	4.31 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.20

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with 25 most common medications use during the pre-index period are reported. The 25 most medications: 1) MTX sodium, 2) folic acid, 3) prednisone, 4) acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate, 5) azithromycin, 6) adalimumab, 7) hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 8) etanercept, 9) levothyroxine sodium, 10) methylprednisolone, 11) omeprazole, 12) tramadol hydrochloride, 13) meloxicam, 14) amoxicillin, 15) albuterol sulfate, 16) gabapentin, 17) acetaminophen/oxycodone hydrochloride, 18) amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium, 19) cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, 20) fluticasone propionate, 21) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, 22) duloxetine hydrochloride, 23) atorvastatin calcium, 24) diclofenac sodium, 25) levofloxacin. A participant could have received \>=1 most common medication.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period MTX Sodium	330 Participants	92 Participants	47 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Folic Acid	243 Participants	65 Participants	34 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Prednisone	214 Participants	70 Participants	38 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone Bitartrate	111 Participants	33 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Azithromycin	80 Participants	28 Participants	15 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Adalimumab	84 Participants	26 Participants	6 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate	83 Participants	21 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Etanercept	76 Participants	21 Participants	16 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Levothyroxine Sodium	80 Participants	16 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Methylprednisolone	66 Participants	22 Participants	15 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Omeprazole	69 Participants	16 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Tramadol Hydrochloride	59 Participants	22 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Meloxicam	58 Participants	20 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Amoxicillin	54 Participants	17 Participants	9 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Albuterol Sulfate	58 Participants	17 Participants	4 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Gabapentin	52 Participants	15 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Acetaminophen/Oxycodone Hydrochloride	46 Participants	20 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium	53 Participants	11 Participants	6 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride	45 Participants	16 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Fluticasone Propionate	47 Participants	13 Participants	5 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride	46 Participants	10 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Duloxetine Hydrochloride	42 Participants	17 Participants	4 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Atorvastatin Calcium	44 Participants	11 Participants	7 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Diclofenac Sodium	39 Participants	16 Participants	4 Participants
Number of Participants With 25 Most Common Medications Use During Pre-Index Period Levofloxacin	40 Participants	13 Participants	4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated between reporting groups for specified rows with 100% response.

Number of participants with 26 most common medications use during the post-index period are reported. The 26 most common medications: 1) MTX sodium, 2) folic acid, 3) prednisone, 4) acetaminophen/hydrocodone bitartrate, 5) azithromycin, 6) adalimumab, 7) hydroxychloroquine sulfate, 8) etanercept, 9) levothyroxine sodium, 10) methylprednisolone, 11) omeprazole, 12) tramadol hydrochloride, 13) meloxicam, 14) amoxicillin, 15) albuterol sulfate, 16) gabapentin, 17) acetaminophen/oxycodone hydrochloride, 18) amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium, 19) cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride, 20) fluticasone propionate, 21) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, 22) duloxetine hydrochloride, 23) diclofenac Sodium, 24) levofloxacin, 25) cephalexin, 26) ibuprofen. A participant could have received \>=1 most common medication.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Meloxicam	96 Participants	25 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Amoxicillin	105 Participants	28 Participants	15 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Omeprazole	89 Participants	20 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Tramadol Hydrochloride	96 Participants	39 Participants	17 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period MTX Sodium	332 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Folic Acid	254 Participants	68 Participants	35 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Prednisone	260 Participants	81 Participants	43 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Acetaminophen/Hydrocodone Bitartrate	184 Participants	58 Participants	23 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Azithromycin	153 Participants	47 Participants	25 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Adalimumab	126 Participants	37 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate	108 Participants	25 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Etanercept	112 Participants	27 Participants	17 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Levothyroxine Sodium	82 Participants	16 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Methylprednisolone	123 Participants	43 Participants	22 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Albuterol Sulfate	91 Participants	25 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Gabapentin	78 Participants	21 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Acetaminophen/Oxycodone Hydrochloride	80 Participants	30 Participants	15 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium	94 Participants	20 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride	83 Participants	31 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Fluticasone Propionate	83 Participants	24 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride	88 Participants	26 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Duloxetine Hydrochloride	52 Participants	23 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Diclofenac Sodium	71 Participants	27 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Levofloxacin	79 Participants	24 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Cephalexin	76 Participants	15 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants With 26 Most Common Medications Use During Post-Index Period Ibuprofen	50 Participants	22 Participants	11 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one opioid during pre-index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Opioids During Pre-Index Period	173 Participants	55 Participants	27 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one NSAID during pre-index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) During Pre-Index Period	160 Participants	44 Participants	21 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one opioid during the post-index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Opioids During Post-Index Period	170 Participants	47 Participants	28 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used at least one NSAID during the post-index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used NSAIDs During Post-Index Period	152 Participants	41 Participants	24 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for opioids during the pre-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing opioids from their pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=173 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=55 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=27 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Pharmacy Claims for Opioids During Pre-Index Period	5.21 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 5.48	6.83 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 7.33	9.00 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 12.29

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for NSAIDs during the pre-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing NSAIDs from their pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=160 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=44 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=21 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Pharmacy Claims for Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) During Pre-Index Period	3.81 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 3.05	4.29 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 3.68	3.48 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 2.91

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for opioids during the post-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing opioids from their pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=170 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=47 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=28 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Pharmacy Claims for Opioids During Post-Index Period	5.35 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 5.28	6.51 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 7.57	7.29 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 9.37

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

The mean number of pharmacy claims for NSAIDs during the post-index period are reported. A pharmacy claim is defined as a claim made by participants to their insurance provider in purchasing NSAIDs from their pharmacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=152 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=41 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=24 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Pharmacy Claims for Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) During Post-Index Period	4.40 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 3.83	4.57 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 3.77	3.00 pharmacy claims Standard Deviation 1.80

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of days from the index date to the first opioid claim during post index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=170 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=47 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=28 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Days From The Index Date to The First Opioid Claim During Post Index Period	106.71 days Standard Deviation 96.40	109.93 days Standard Deviation 108.35	92.85 days Standard Deviation 81.74

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of days from the index date to the first NSAIDs claim during post index period are reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=152 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=41 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=24 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Days From The Index Date to The First NSAIDs Claim During Post Index Period	100.25 days Standard Deviation 91.68	117.00 days Standard Deviation 93.12	124.08 days Standard Deviation 108.34

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used opioids during tofacitinib persistency and post-persistency are reported. Persistence for participants is defined as the period of treatment with tofacitinib. Post persistence refers to switching to another medication from tofacitinib; or discontinuing tofacitinib either permanently or for a gap in time \>60 days before restarting.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Opioids During Tofacitinib Persistency and Post-Persistency During Persistency	159 Participants	40 Participants	25 Participants
Number of Participants Who Used Opioids During Tofacitinib Persistency and Post-Persistency Post Persistency	49 Participants	20 Participants	11 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used NSAIDs during tofacitinib persistency and post-persistency are reported. Persistence for participants is defined as the period of treatment with tofacitinib. Post persistence refers to switching to another medication from tofacitinib; or discontinuing tofacitinib either permanently or for a gap in time \>60 days before restarting.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used NSAIDs During Tofacitinib Persistency and Post-Persistency During Persistency	138 Participants	37 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants Who Used NSAIDs During Tofacitinib Persistency and Post-Persistency Post Persistency	51 Participants	17 Participants	8 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The number of participants who used at least one oral corticosteroid during the pre-index period is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Oral Corticosteroids During Pre-Index Period	243 Participants	75 Participants	43 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

The number of participants who used at least one oral corticosteroid during the post-index period is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Oral Corticosteroids During Post-Index Period	213 Participants	59 Participants	34 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean total dose of oral corticosteroids during pre-index period is reported. The total dose is expressed as a prednisone-equivalent dose of the oral corticosteroids used.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=243 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=75 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=43 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Dose of Oral Corticosteroids During Pre-Index Period	1617.82 milligram(mg) Standard Deviation 2148.87	1572.15 milligram(mg) Standard Deviation 1266.59	1209.77 milligram(mg) Standard Deviation 978.90

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean total dose of oral corticosteroids during post-index period is reported. The total dose is expressed as a prednisone-equivalent dose of the oral corticosteroids used.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=213 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=59 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=34 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Dose of Oral Corticosteroid During Post-Index Period	1792.20 mg Standard Deviation 3855.57	1871.85 mg Standard Deviation 4092.22	1593.97 mg Standard Deviation 1724.89

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of visits to a rheumatologist during pre-index period is reported. A visit is referring to out-patient visit specifically to a rheumatologist.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=259 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=74 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=34 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Visits to Rheumatologist During Pre-Index Period	5.43 visits Standard Deviation 3.27	5.14 visits Standard Deviation 3.50	4.74 visits Standard Deviation 2.74

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Mean number of visits to rheumatologist during the variable-length pre-index period is reported. A visit is referring to out-patient visit specifically to a rheumatologist. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=276 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=76 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=37 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Number of Visits to Rheumatologist During Variable-Length Pre-Index Period	12.20 visits Standard Deviation 9.28	11.72 visits Standard Deviation 8.68	10.16 visits Standard Deviation 6.22

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean Disease Duration of RA based upon the variable length pre-index period is reported. Disease duration (in days) defined as the number of days from the earliest claim with a diagnosis of RA in the variable length pre-index period until the index date. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Disease Duration	852.13 days Standard Deviation 431.04	786.30 days Standard Deviation 428.83	862.75 days Standard Deviation 462.33

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean out of pocket health care costs for healthcare services during pre-index period is reported. It is categorized as: All causes and RA related. All cause consisted of money spent by participants on all health care services (pharmacy, medical \[ambulatory, emergency department and inpatient admission\]). RA related signifies money spent by participants on health care services for RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Out of Pocket Health Care Costs for Healthcare Services During Pre-Index Period All cause	2471.36 dollars Standard Deviation 1952.53	3296.62 dollars Standard Deviation 2643.12	2233.31 dollars Standard Deviation 1674.19
Mean Out of Pocket Health Care Costs for Healthcare Services During Pre-Index Period RA related	1261.49 dollars Standard Deviation 1578.25	1484.58 dollars Standard Deviation 1600.74	1002.81 dollars Standard Deviation 1364.90

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During variable length pre-index period (1 year before the index date up to 5.2 years)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean out of pocket health care costs for healthcare services during variable length pre-index period is reported. It is categorized as: All causes and RA related. All cause consisted of money spent by participants on all health care services (pharmacy, medical \[ambulatory, emergency department and inpatient admission\]). RA related signifies one spent by participants on health care services for RA. Variable-length pre-index period defined as the period from the participant's first date of enrollment in the database to the day before the index date. The date of enrollment had to be at least 1 year prior to the index date and depending on the participant could have been as much as maximum of 5.2 years. The index date was the date of the first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Out of Pocket Health Care Costs for Healthcare Services During Variable Length Pre-Index Period All cause	7031.96 dollars Standard Deviation 6241.15	7779.41 dollars Standard Deviation 5492.89	6451.08 dollars Standard Deviation 4604.24
Mean Out of Pocket Health Care Costs for Healthcare Services During Variable Length Pre-Index Period RA related	3023.26 dollars Standard Deviation 4459.08	3049.87 dollars Standard Deviation 2804.35	2684.47 dollars Standard Deviation 2577.28

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one of comorbidity of interest during pre-index period is reported. The comorbidities of interest included cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), asthma, kidney disease, diabetes, depression, anxiety, liver disease, sleep disorders. A participant could have \>1 comorbidity of interest.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Sleep disorders	43 Participants	13 Participants	10 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Cardiovascular Disease	90 Participants	25 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period COPD	20 Participants	7 Participants	4 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Asthma	33 Participants	8 Participants	4 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Kidney disease	17 Participants	5 Participants	3 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Diabetes	58 Participants	16 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Depression	44 Participants	12 Participants	6 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Anxiety	36 Participants	14 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With Comorbidities of Interest During Pre-Index Period Liver disease	13 Participants	2 Participants	3 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Non-persistence was defined as the gap of at least 60 days in treatment with the index medication (tofacitinib) or switching to other biologic.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Non-persistence to Index Medication (Tofacitinib)	110 Participants	37 Participants	27 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with post-persistence treatment patterns is reported. Post-persistence was categorized as: 1) switch immediately (if participants initiated a non-index biologic before a 60-day gap in treatment is observed for the index medication); 2) discontinue then restart (if there was a gap in the index therapy of at least 60 days and the first medication observed after the gap is the index medication); 3) discontinue then switch ( if there was a gap in the index therapy of at least 60 days and the first medication observed after the gap is a biologic \[including Tofacitinib\] different from index medication), 4) discontinue without switch or restart (if participant's had a gap in therapy of at least 60 days and there are no claims for either the index medication or a different biologic for the remaining observation period).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With Post-Persistence Treatment Patterns Switch immediately	58 Participants	14 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants With Post-Persistence Treatment Patterns Discontinue then switch	6 Participants	3 Participants	3 Participants
Number of Participants With Post-Persistence Treatment Patterns Discontinue then restart	17 Participants	8 Participants	5 Participants
Number of Participants With Post-Persistence Treatment Patterns Discontinue without switch or restart	29 Participants	12 Participants	11 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who switched from index medication (tofacitinib) to a biologic at any time during post-index period is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Switched From Index Medication (Tofacitinib) at Any Time During Post-Index Period	64 Participants	17 Participants	12 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Here, "overall number of participants analyzed" signifies the participants evaluable for this outcome measure.

Number of participants who re-started tofacitinib (after considered as non-persistence with the tofacitinib) after discontinuation at any time during post-index period is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=110 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=37 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=27 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Re-started Index Medication (Tofacitinib) at Any Time During Post-Index Period	17 Participants	8 Participants	5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. Analysis was performed on "MTX persistent" participants only and the data for this OM was not planned to be collected and analyzed for "MTX Discontinued" and "MTX Interrupted".

Mean MPR for Methotrexate is reported. MPR was calculated as the total days supply of MTX between the first and including the last prescription/administration divided by the time between the first through and including last biologic prescription/administration days supply.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) for Methotrexate (MTX)	0.93 ratio Standard Deviation 0.11	—	—

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean adherence for methotrexate is reported. Adherence was calculated as the total number of days supplied for MTX during the post-index period divided by the number of days from the first claim during the post-index period to the end of the post-index period

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Adherence To Methotrexate (MTX)	0.89 ratio Standard Deviation 0.11	0.43 ratio Standard Deviation 0.19	0.58 ratio Standard Deviation 0.15

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants who used additional NB-DMARD during post index period is reported. Additional NB-DMARD use could have been leflunomide, sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Used Additional NB-DMARD During Post Index Period Leflunomide	7 Participants	6 Participants	1 Participants
Number of Participants Who Used Additional NB-DMARD During Post Index Period Sulfasalazine	3 Participants	4 Participants	1 Participants
Number of Participants Who Used Additional NB-DMARD During Post Index Period Hydroxychloroquine	10 Participants	2 Participants	1 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Adherence to index medication was defined as at least 30 days continuous supply of tofacitinib during post-index period.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: Adherence to Index Medication (Tofacitinib)	212 Participants	50 Participants	14 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No dose escalation for index medication was defined as no increase in dose for index medication compared to the starting dose during post-index period.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: No Dose Escalation for Index Medication (Tofacitinib)	321 Participants	91 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No switch from index medication was defined as no switching from the index medication to a (different) biologic agent during post-index period.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: No Switch From Index Medication (Tofacitinib)	273 Participants	77 Participants	36 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. No addition of NB-DMARD was defined as no addition of new NB-DMARD to index therapy during post-index period.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: No Addition of NB-DMARD	319 Participants	84 Participants	46 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Medication effectiveness criteria for oral glucocorticoids was defined as either of the following: 1) Participants cannot receive oral glucocorticoids for \> 30 days between (index date +91 days) to (index date + 359 days); 2) No increase in oral glucocorticoid dose during months 6-12 after index date.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: Criteria for Oral Glucocorticoids	281 Participants	81 Participants	39 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Medication effectiveness criteria categorized as: 1) adherence to index medication, 2) no dose escalation for index medication, 3) no switch from index medication, 4) no addition of NB-DMARD, 5) criteria for oral glucocorticoids, 6) use of Injectable glucocorticoids. Use of Injectable glucocorticoids was defined as maximum one parenteral or intra-articular glucocorticoid joint injection use after the participant had been on biologic treatment for \>3 months post index date (\[index date +91 days\] to \[index date +359 days\]).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants Who Met Medication Effectiveness Criteria: Use of Injectable Glucocorticoids	278 Participants	77 Participants	36 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to ambulatory visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Ambulatory Visits During Pre-Index Period	337 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to emergency visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Emergency Department Visits During Pre-Index Period	88 Participants	29 Participants	15 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to all cause during the pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to inpatient admission due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Inpatient Admissions During Pre-Index Period	40 Participants	12 Participants	7 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study. p-value could not be calculated for reporting groups with 100% response.

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to ambulatory visits due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Ambulatory Visits During Pre-Index Period	336 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to emergency department visits due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Emergency Department Visits During Pre-Index Period	29 Participants	10 Participants	5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to RA during the pre-index period is reported. RA related refers to inpatient admission due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Inpatient Admissions During Pre-Index Period	24 Participants	6 Participants	5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one ambulatory visit that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to ambulatory visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Ambulatory Visits During Post-Index Period	337 Participants	94 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one emergency department visits that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to emergency department visits due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Emergency Department Visits During Post-Index Period	85 Participants	25 Participants	18 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Number of participants with at least one inpatient admissions that was due to all cause during the post-index period is reported. All cause refers to inpatient admissions due to all comorbidities, including RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With All Cause Inpatient Admissions During Post-Index Period	41 Participants	7 Participants	9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one of the RA-related ambulatory visits during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to ambulatory visits due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Ambulatory Visits During Post Index Period	335 Participants	92 Participants	48 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one of the RA-related emergency department visit during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to emergency department visits due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Emergency Department Visits During Post Index Period	24 Participants	7 Participants	4 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study

Number of participants with at least one of an RA-related inpatient admission during the post-index period is reported. RA related refers to inpatient admissions due to RA.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Number of Participants With RA Related Inpatient Admissions During Post Index Period	31 Participants	4 Participants	9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total health care cost all cause during pre-index period is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Health Care Cost All Cause During Pre-Index Period	38294.06 dollars Standard Deviation 29855.01	37703.67 dollars Standard Deviation 34291.57	40845.52 dollars Standard Deviation 51582.10

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (12 months duration before the index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

RA related healthcare cost refers to cost spent due to RA alone and was calculated as the total of treatment cost (cost of tofacitinib, biologic DMARDs, NB-DMARDs and administration of intravenous (IV) biologics) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost, home health care cost, urgent care cost and other medical services cost).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Health Care Cost RA Related During Pre-Index Period	26310.56 dollars Standard Deviation 23044.42	21927.28 dollars Standard Deviation 18179.77	25941.25 dollars Standard Deviation 28226.04

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total health care cost due to all cause during post-index period is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities, including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (cost of home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Health Care Cost Due to All Cause During Post-Index Period	54792.79 dollars Standard Deviation 29936.57	52877.64 dollars Standard Deviation 44741.22	54617.88 dollars Standard Deviation 51150.03

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

RA related healthcare cost refers to cost spent due to RA alone and was calculated as the total of treatment cost (cost of tofacitinib, biologic DMARDs, NB-DMARDs and administration of IV biologics) and medical cost (ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost, home health care cost, urgent care cost and other medical services cost).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total Health Care Cost RA Related During Post-Index Period	42402.93 dollars Standard Deviation 20786.01	35768.64 dollars Standard Deviation 13706.47	41984.33 dollars Standard Deviation 39638.80

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: During post-index period (12 months duration post index date [Index date: date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years])

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Treatment persistence with tofacitinib was defined as not having a gap in therapy of at least 60 days between prescription re-fills of tofacitinib.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Treatment Persistence Duration Measured for Index Medication (Tofacitinib)	297.61 days Standard Deviation 99.42	284.48 days Standard Deviation 102.42	246.94 days Standard Deviation 120.12

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months before index date) and post index period (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 month post index date)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total monthly health care cost due to all cause is reported. All cause refers to cost spent due to all comorbidities, including RA and calculated as the total of pharmacy cost (cost of home healthcare cost, urgent care cost and other medical services costs) and medical cost (cost of ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost and other costs). Total all cause monthly health care cost is reported for every month from 12 months duration before index date (pre-index period) to 12 months duration post index date (post index period). Index date is defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 2 months before index date	2961.52 dollars Standard Deviation 6134.21	2859.41 dollars Standard Deviation 4782.43	2007.33 dollars Standard Deviation 2279.76
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 12 months before index date	3504.01 dollars Standard Deviation 7280.54	3348.60 dollars Standard Deviation 7074.21	3447.74 dollars Standard Deviation 7167.30
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 7 months after index date	4335.90 dollars Standard Deviation 5099.96	4876.01 dollars Standard Deviation 5517.19	6839.45 dollars Standard Deviation 24302.54
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 8 months after index date	3998.48 dollars Standard Deviation 5427.41	3232.79 dollars Standard Deviation 3365.36	3870.33 dollars Standard Deviation 5967.14
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 9 months after index date	4562.22 dollars Standard Deviation 7188.96	4250.44 dollars Standard Deviation 5153.79	3033.80 dollars Standard Deviation 4573.15
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 10 months after index date	4680.99 dollars Standard Deviation 6427.93	4507.04 dollars Standard Deviation 4474.32	4208.68 dollars Standard Deviation 6898.73
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 11 months after index date	4297.17 dollars Standard Deviation 5507.21	3527.33 dollars Standard Deviation 5467.69	3958.85 dollars Standard Deviation 6181.37
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 12 months after index date	4419.74 dollars Standard Deviation 6361.66	8174.95 dollars Standard Deviation 40068.17	4932.28 dollars Standard Deviation 13927.49
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 1 month after index date	6493.14 dollars Standard Deviation 5621.42	6219.90 dollars Standard Deviation 4771.10	5613.83 dollars Standard Deviation 2685.11
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 2 months after index date	3401.05 dollars Standard Deviation 3629.35	3335.68 dollars Standard Deviation 2638.48	3534.10 dollars Standard Deviation 3435.08
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 1 month before index date	1982.85 dollars Standard Deviation 3160.93	1298.00 dollars Standard Deviation 1660.83	1590.23 dollars Standard Deviation 2342.22
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 3 months before index date	2920.21 dollars Standard Deviation 3787.33	3160.66 dollars Standard Deviation 5286.29	2283.86 dollars Standard Deviation 2405.21
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 4 months before index date	3218.67 dollars Standard Deviation 4385.35	3481.17 dollars Standard Deviation 4512.71	3255.21 dollars Standard Deviation 3927.64
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 5 months before index date	3085.10 dollars Standard Deviation 4078.22	2821.69 dollars Standard Deviation 3482.77	4322.60 dollars Standard Deviation 12892.15
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 6 months before index date	3708.45 dollars Standard Deviation 6412.35	3469.21 dollars Standard Deviation 7966.20	6210.48 dollars Standard Deviation 15934.47
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 7 months before index date	3004.67 dollars Standard Deviation 3751.57	5219.03 dollars Standard Deviation 20901.31	3332.57 dollars Standard Deviation 4279.40
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 8 months before index date	3650.97 dollars Standard Deviation 7165.39	3407.89 dollars Standard Deviation 6513.74	4578.01 dollars Standard Deviation 16218.40
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 9 months before index date	3902.43 dollars Standard Deviation 7411.23	2798.05 dollars Standard Deviation 3916.34	4698.18 dollars Standard Deviation 13942.52
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 10 months before index date	3128.19 dollars Standard Deviation 4655.37	3074.57 dollars Standard Deviation 5981.65	2850.71 dollars Standard Deviation 3512.63
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 11 months before index date	3226.98 dollars Standard Deviation 6905.09	2765.39 dollars Standard Deviation 3795.95	2268.61 dollars Standard Deviation 2941.55
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 3 months after index date	5192.25 dollars Standard Deviation 12424.70	4274.36 dollars Standard Deviation 3929.19	7069.72 dollars Standard Deviation 23449.05
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 4 months after index date	5542.45 dollars Standard Deviation 12928.65	3884.67 dollars Standard Deviation 2886.54	3936.05 dollars Standard Deviation 5042.01
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 5 months after index date	3502.04 dollars Standard Deviation 5264.36	3164.43 dollars Standard Deviation 3257.78	3558.20 dollars Standard Deviation 4942.20
Mean Total All Cause Monthly Health Care Cost 6 months after index date	4367.35 dollars Standard Deviation 5250.44	3430.03 dollars Standard Deviation 4363.37	4062.60 dollars Standard Deviation 4741.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: During pre-index period (at1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 months before index date) and post index period (at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 month after index date)

Population: Analysis was performed on all participants included in the study.

Mean total monthly health care cost due to RA is reported. RA related refers to cost spent by participants due to RA on health care services. This is calculated as the total of treatment cost (cost of tofacitinib, biologic DMARDs, NB-DMARDs and administration of IV biologics) and medical cost (ambulatory cost, emergency department visits cost, inpatient admission cost, home health care cost, urgent care cost and other medical services cost). RA related monthly health care cost is reported for every month from 12 months duration before index date (pre-index period) to 12 months duration post index date (post index period). Index date is defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib made by participants to their insurance provider during identification period of 3 years.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent n=337 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with no gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (persistent) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued n=94 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days in MTX therapy (discontinued) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.	Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted n=48 Participants RA diagnosed participants who were privately insured or under Medicare Supplemental insurance (from their employer), initiated tofacitinib in combination with MTX, orally, between 01 January 2014 to 31 January 2017 (identification period) with a gap of \>60 days with 1 or more subsequent prescription re-fills in MTX therapy (interrupted) within 12 months post-index date, were included in the study and their information as per Truven Health MarketScan Research Database (from January 1, 2012 to January 2018) was assessed in this study. Index date defined as the date of first claim for tofacitinib by participants to their insurance provider during identification period.
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 1 month before index date	1195.04 dollars Standard Deviation 2637.68	671.18 dollars Standard Deviation 1213.40	636.05 dollars Standard Deviation 1238.09
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 2 months before index date	1903.16 dollars Standard Deviation 3155.45	1577.52 dollars Standard Deviation 2390.24	1141.74 dollars Standard Deviation 1700.28
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 3 months before index date	2152.29 dollars Standard Deviation 3413.71	2361.03 dollars Standard Deviation 4927.73	1581.22 dollars Standard Deviation 2378.86
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 4 months before index date	2168.50 dollars Standard Deviation 3489.71	2614.99 dollars Standard Deviation 4041.35	2285.37 dollars Standard Deviation 3322.71
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 2 months after index date	2475.97 dollars Standard Deviation 2565.47	2562.85 dollars Standard Deviation 1762.39	2467.49 dollars Standard Deviation 1841.74
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 5 months before index date	2254.93 dollars Standard Deviation 3480.55	1917.28 dollars Standard Deviation 2766.38	3312.04 dollars Standard Deviation 12509.62
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 6 months before index date	2422.23 dollars Standard Deviation 4000.01	1931.47 dollars Standard Deviation 3046.55	4535.86 dollars Standard Deviation 13927.05
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 7 months before index date	2183.57 dollars Standard Deviation 3240.88	2403.88 dollars Standard Deviation 3808.44	1776.81 dollars Standard Deviation 2692.28
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 8 months before index date	2697.28 dollars Standard Deviation 6295.30	1756.79 dollars Standard Deviation 2719.69	3511.39 dollars Standard Deviation 15412.06
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 9 months before index date	2516.49 dollars Standard Deviation 4380.11	1700.46 dollars Standard Deviation 2463.15	1755.33 dollars Standard Deviation 2741.92
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 10 months before index date	2420.82 dollars Standard Deviation 4487.55	1640.42 dollars Standard Deviation 2578.03	2197.70 dollars Standard Deviation 3256.25
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 11 months before index date	1932.94 dollars Standard Deviation 3480.59	1664.42 dollars Standard Deviation 3182.62	1534.64 dollars Standard Deviation 2442.49
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 12 months before index date	2463.30 dollars Standard Deviation 6488.79	1687.84 dollars Standard Deviation 2743.46	1673.11 dollars Standard Deviation 2538.14
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 1 month after index date	5520.12 dollars Standard Deviation 3236.09	4864.96 dollars Standard Deviation 2427.19	5078.09 dollars Standard Deviation 2374.78
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 3 months after index date	4264.21 dollars Standard Deviation 11021.43	3525.69 dollars Standard Deviation 3579.91	5901.33 dollars Standard Deviation 22733.73
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 4 months after index date	4513.18 dollars Standard Deviation 11997.33	3312.81 dollars Standard Deviation 2744.19	2193.74 dollars Standard Deviation 1997.44
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 5 months after index date	2525.72 dollars Standard Deviation 3219.78	2171.23 dollars Standard Deviation 2225.60	2550.85 dollars Standard Deviation 4254.36
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 6 months after index date	3448.44 dollars Standard Deviation 4479.50	2290.80 dollars Standard Deviation 2770.10	2715.92 dollars Standard Deviation 2695.20
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 7 months after index date	3214.12 dollars Standard Deviation 3146.04	3172.63 dollars Standard Deviation 3093.67	6205.73 dollars Standard Deviation 23782.75
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 8 months after index date	2792.29 dollars Standard Deviation 3675.52	2441.75 dollars Standard Deviation 2695.77	2888.44 dollars Standard Deviation 5532.83
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 9 months after index date	3596.05 dollars Standard Deviation 6104.08	2667.32 dollars Standard Deviation 3922.25	2532.87 dollars Standard Deviation 4559.72
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 10 months after index date	3536.10 dollars Standard Deviation 4403.21	3295.99 dollars Standard Deviation 3718.43	2521.96 dollars Standard Deviation 3201.05
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 11 months after index date	3292.62 dollars Standard Deviation 4725.06	2574.32 dollars Standard Deviation 4803.21	2966.58 dollars Standard Deviation 5539.05
Mean Total RA Related Monthly Health Care Cost 12 months after index date	3224.11 dollars Standard Deviation 5151.51	2888.29 dollars Standard Deviation 4727.03	3961.34 dollars Standard Deviation 13543.17

Adverse Events

Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Persistent

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Discontinued

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Methotrexate (MTX) + Tofacitinib: MTX Interrupted

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Pfizer ClinicalTrials.gov Call Center

Pfizer Inc.

Phone: 1-800-718-1021

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee Pfizer has the right to review disclosures, requesting a delay of less than 60 days. Investigator will postpone single center publications until after disclosure of pooled data (all sites), less than 12 months from study completion/termination at all participating sites. Investigator may not disclose previously undisclosed confidential information other than study results.
Publication restrictions are in place

Restriction type: OTHER