Graded Motor Imagery in Elbow Limitation

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

50 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-10-15

Study Completion Date

2021-06-30

Brief Summary

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This randomized-controlled trial aims to investigate the efficacy of Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) on function, pain, and range of motion (ROM) in patients with a posttraumatic stiff elbow.

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Detailed Description

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To investigate the efficacy of GMI on function, pain, and ROM in elbow limitation, voluntary patients with elbow limitation, aged between 20-55 years will be randomly divided into two groups: GMI group and standard rehabilitation (SR) group. Interventions will be applied for 12 sessions. The patients will be assessed before, after six-week treatment and six-week follow-up. The pain on activity, at rest and at night will be assessed with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Pain pressure threshold of the elbow and soft tissue around the elbow will be evaluated by digital pressure algometry. ROM will be assessed with a digital goniometer. Isometric muscle strength will be measured with a handheld dynamometer of elbow flexors and extensors. Grip strength will also be assessed. Recognise™ will be used for assessing the right-left discrimination. The functional status and kinesiophobia will be evaluated by Disabilities Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. The Global Rating of Change will be used to evaluate patient satisfaction. The Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire 2 (VMIQ-2) will be used for evaluating the individuals' ability to mental imaginary.

Conditions

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Elbow Fracture Limitation, Mobility Pain, Postoperative Upper Extremity Problem

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Participants Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Graded Motor Imagery

Each subject in the Graded Motor Imagery group will receive a treatment protocol consisting of Graded Motor Imagery, cold therapy, and home exercises.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Graded Motor Imagery

Intervention Type OTHER

The first stage of GMI includes laterality reconstruction. Patients will view and determine if the various images of body parts to image portrays the right or left side. The second stage targets activation of the primary motor cortex by imagine moving the involved body part. The final stage involves that the patient watches the unaffected body part moving in a mirror to "trick" the brain into thinking the affected body part is actually moving in a pain-free way. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Home Exercise Program

Intervention Type OTHER

Proprioception exercises for the elbow. Scapulothoracic strengthening exercises. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Cold Application

Intervention Type OTHER

Cold application around the elbow joint for 15 minutes in every session.

Standard Rehabilitation

Each subject in the Standard Rehabilitation group will receive a treatment protocol consisting of stretching and strengthening exercises, cold therapy, and home exercises.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Standard Rehabilitation

Intervention Type OTHER

Shoulder, elbow and wrist AROM exercises. Elbow flexion and extension, and wrist flexion and extension stretching exercises. Elbow and wrist strengthening exercises. Grip strengthening exercises. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Home Exercise Program

Intervention Type OTHER

Proprioception exercises for the elbow. Scapulothoracic strengthening exercises. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Cold Application

Intervention Type OTHER

Cold application around the elbow joint for 15 minutes in every session.

Interventions

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Graded Motor Imagery

The first stage of GMI includes laterality reconstruction. Patients will view and determine if the various images of body parts to image portrays the right or left side. The second stage targets activation of the primary motor cortex by imagine moving the involved body part. The final stage involves that the patient watches the unaffected body part moving in a mirror to "trick" the brain into thinking the affected body part is actually moving in a pain-free way. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Standard Rehabilitation

Shoulder, elbow and wrist AROM exercises. Elbow flexion and extension, and wrist flexion and extension stretching exercises. Elbow and wrist strengthening exercises. Grip strengthening exercises. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Home Exercise Program

Proprioception exercises for the elbow. Scapulothoracic strengthening exercises. This will be applied for 6 weeks.

Intervention Type OTHER

Cold Application

Cold application around the elbow joint for 15 minutes in every session.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

Subjects will be included with

* Aged between 20 and 55 years
* Elbow fracture in the six months before the study
* Elbow limitation in flexion or extension
* Being a volunteer to participate
* Fractures should be managed with surgically
* The "Standardized Mini Mental Test" result must be at least 24 points

Exclusion Criteria

* Malunion or Nonunion Fracture
* The occurrence of complex regional pain syndrome, peripheric nerve injury, heterotopic ossification, myositis ossification or post-traumatic ankylosing
* Non-healing wound or infection
* Previously received physiotherapy for elbow limitation
* Having any cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, rheumatic diseases or psychiatric diseases
* Could not adjust to the treatment
* Shoulder, elbow or wrist movement limitation in contralateral upper extremity or absence of limbs in the contralateral upper extremity
* Having severe visual loss

Minimum Eligible Age

20 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

55 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No