Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Following PRP for Chronic Whiplash
NCT ID: NCT03949959
Last Updated: 2021-11-03
Study Results
The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.
Basic Information
Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.
COMPLETED
NA
6 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-03-04
2021-10-18
Brief Summary
Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.
Therefore, the investigators will assess effectiveness of conservative multimodal physiotherapy for chronic WAD with facet-mediated pain undergoing cervical facet joint PRP, using patients as their own control, in a multiple baseline design.
Detailed Description
Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.
Primary outcome measures will be collected daily during this time period. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period (B). Participants will have 10 one hour sessions over a 6-week period. The intervention will be delivered by an experienced physiotherapist with postgraduate qualifications. During the intervention period, once or twice per week the daily collection of the primary outcome measures will coincide with the delivery of each intervention session. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase (A2) where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel. This follow-up phase is implemented in order to determine the possible duration of improvement post intervention. All outcome measures will be collected at the completion of this 12-week follow-up period.
Secondary outcome measures for generalisation purposes will be collected prior to commencing PRP, at the end of the intervention period (which coincides with the commencement of the no-intervention period), and at the end of the no-intervention period; totalling 3 sampling points throughout the study duration.
Conditions
See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.
Keywords
Explore important study keywords that can help with search, categorization, and topic discovery.
Study Design
Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.
RANDOMIZED
SEQUENTIAL
TREATMENT
SINGLE
Study Groups
Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.
Physiotherapy (PRPt)
The 6-week exercise program (2 sessions in each of weeks 1-4 and 1 session in each of weeks 5 and 6) will comprise specific individually-tailored exercises to improve the movement and control of the neck and shoulder girdle. The exercises will be of a low load nature and designed to be pain free. At the same time, the physiotherapist will provide pragmatic multimodal physiotherapy to facilitate ability to pursue exercises and guide the participant's return to normal activities. This specific treatment program has been described in detail (Jull et al., 2008; Ritchie et al., 2015b) and focuses on activating and improving the coordination and endurance capacity of the neck flexor, extensor and scapular muscles in specific exercises and functional tasks. Participants will also perform the exercises at home, once per day. Written and illustrated exercise instructions will be provided. The exercise program follows Australian guidelines for the management of chronic whiplash (TRACsa, 2008).
Multimodal physiotherapy
Participants will undertake their usual activities for the 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period following PRP. Participants will begin the 6 week intervention period following this period during which time they will participate in 10 sessions with an experienced postgraduate physiotherapist. After these 6-weeks, participants will have no contact with intervention personnel during the 6-week follow-up period.
Wait and See (PRPu)
Individuals randomized to usual care will be provided with an advice booklet Whiplash Injury Recovery: A Self Help Guide (MAIC, Qld, 2nd edition). It provides information about whiplash; assurance about prognosis; advice to stay active and resume working as well as information on correct posture; pictorial descriptions of specific exercises for the neck and upper limbs and information on resuming functional daily activities. The booklet is based on the recommendations of the current Australian Guidelines for Whiplash Management (SIRA, 2014).
Usual care involves a 'wait and see' approach (in combination with provision of home exercises) and will include weekly review appointments with a medical doctor, primarily to review the information in the booklet and progress the 'general' exercises and activity recommendations within the booklet. No hands-on physiotherapy will be provided. Education regarding PRP and associated healing cycles will also be provided during this time period.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.
Multimodal physiotherapy
Participants will undertake their usual activities for the 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period following PRP. Participants will begin the 6 week intervention period following this period during which time they will participate in 10 sessions with an experienced postgraduate physiotherapist. After these 6-weeks, participants will have no contact with intervention personnel during the 6-week follow-up period.
Eligibility Criteria
Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.
Inclusion Criteria
* \> 12 weeks since injury and failed to respond to previous (\> 6 weeks) conservative treatment
* Neck pain on numerical pain rating scale ≥ 4/10
* Neck Disability Index \> 28%
Exclusion Criteria
* Known or suspected serious spinal pathology (e.g. metastatic disease of the spine);
* Confirmed fracture or dislocation at time of injury (i.e., WAD Grade IV)
* Nerve root compromise (i.e., WAD Grade III)
* Spinal surgery in the past 12 months; and
* History of any mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety, PTSD or severe depression
* Inability to stop taking anti-inflammatory medications for 3-days prior to, or 10-days following PRP
* Unable to understand +/- complete validated questionnaire items in English
18 Years
55 Years
ALL
No
Sponsors
Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.
University of Calgary
OTHER
Responsible Party
Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.
Principal Investigators
Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.
Ashley Smith, PhD
Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR
University of Calgary
Locations
Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.
Vivo Cura Health
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Countries
Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.
References
Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.
Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Hogg-Johnson S, Cote P, Cassidy JD, Haldeman S, Nordin M, Hurwitz EL, Carragee EJ, van der Velde G, Peloso PM, Guzman J; Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S83-92. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181643eb8.
Curatolo M, Bogduk N, Ivancic PC, McLean SA, Siegmund GP, Winkelstein BA. The role of tissue damage in whiplash-associated disorders: discussion paper 1. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Dec 1;36(25 Suppl):S309-15. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318238842a.
Hurst H, Bolton J. Assessing the clinical significance of change scores recorded on subjective outcome measures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Jan;27(1):26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2003.11.003.
Jull G, Sterling M, Kenardy J, Beller E. Does the presence of sensory hypersensitivity influence outcomes of physical rehabilitation for chronic whiplash?--A preliminary RCT. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.09.030. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
Kaneoka K, Ono K, Inami S, Hayashi K. Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Apr 15;24(8):763-9; discussion 770. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199904150-00006.
Krebs EE, Lorenz KA, Bair MJ, Damush TM, Wu J, Sutherland JM, Asch SM, Kroenke K. Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jun;24(6):733-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-0981-1. Epub 2009 May 6.
Lamb SE, Gates S, Williams MA, Williamson EM, Mt-Isa S, Withers EJ, Castelnuovo E, Smith J, Ashby D, Cooke MW, Petrou S, Underwood MR; Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial (MINT) Study Team. Emergency department treatments and physiotherapy for acute whiplash: a pragmatic, two-step, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013 Feb 16;381(9866):546-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61304-X. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine? Per Med. 2011 Mar;8(2):161-173. doi: 10.2217/pme.11.7.
Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, Bogduk N. Chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash. A placebo-controlled prevalence study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Aug 1;21(15):1737-44; discussion 1744-5. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199608010-00005.
Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, McDonald GJ, Bogduk N. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain. N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 5;335(23):1721-6. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199612053352302.
McDonald GJ, Lord SM, Bogduk N. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with cervical radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic neck pain. Neurosurgery. 1999 Jul;45(1):61-7; discussion 67-8. doi: 10.1097/00006123-199907000-00015.
Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Lin CW, Rebbeck T, Jull G, Latimer J, Connelly L, Sterling M. Comprehensive physiotherapy exercise programme or advice for chronic whiplash (PROMISE): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Jul 12;384(9938):133-41. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60457-8. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
Nguyen RT, Borg-Stein J, McInnis K. Applications of platelet-rich plasma in musculoskeletal and sports medicine: an evidence-based approach. PM R. 2011 Mar;3(3):226-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.11.007.
Quinn KP, Winkelstein BA. Detection of altered collagen fiber alignment in the cervical facet capsule after whiplash-like joint retraction. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011 Aug;39(8):2163-73. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0316-3. Epub 2011 May 3.
Ritchie C, Hendrikz J, Jull G, Elliott J, Sterling M. External validation of a clinical prediction rule to predict full recovery and ongoing moderate/severe disability following acute whiplash injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;45(4):242-50. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5642.
Ritchie C, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J, Sterling M. Derivation of a clinical prediction rule to identify both chronic moderate/severe disability and full recovery following whiplash injury. Pain. 2013 Oct;154(10):2198-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
Romeiser Logan L, Hickman RR, Harris SR, Heriza CB. Single-subject research design: recommendations for levels of evidence and quality rating. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Feb;50(2):99-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02005.x.
Sampson S, Gerhardt M, Mandelbaum B. Platelet rich plasma injection grafts for musculoskeletal injuries: a review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Dec;1(3-4):165-74. doi: 10.1007/s12178-008-9032-5.
Siegmund GP, Myers BS, Davis MB, Bohnet HF, Winkelstein BA. Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash: a cadaveric study using combined shear, compression, and extension loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Oct 1;26(19):2095-101. doi: 10.1097/00007632-200110010-00010.
Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Dunne-Proctor R, Sterling M. Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy reduces psychological features in individuals with chronic whiplash symptoms. Pain Physician. 2014 May-Jun;17(3):265-74.
Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider GM, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. Modulation of Cervical Facet Joint Nociception and Pain Attenuates Physical and Psychological Features of Chronic Whiplash: A Prospective Study. PM R. 2015 Sep;7(9):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.014. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. A comparison of physical and psychological features of responders and non-responders to cervical facet blocks in chronic whiplash. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Nov 4;14:313. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-313.
Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy reduces central hyperexcitability and improves neck movement in individuals with chronic whiplash. Pain Med. 2014 Jan;15(1):128-41. doi: 10.1111/pme.12262. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
Southerst D, Nordin MC, Cote P, Shearer HM, Varatharajan S, Yu H, Wong JJ, Sutton DA, Randhawa KA, van der Velde GM, Mior SA, Carroll LJ, Jacobs CL, Taylor-Vaisey AL. Is exercise effective for the management of neck pain and associated disorders or whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Spine J. 2016 Dec;16(12):1503-1523. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.02.014. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Validation of a head-neck computer model for whiplash simulation. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004 May;42(3):333-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02344708.
Sterling M. A proposed new classification system for whiplash associated disorders--implications for assessment and management. Man Ther. 2004 May;9(2):60-70. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2004.01.006.
Sterling M. Differential development of sensory hypersensitivity and a measure of spinal cord hyperexcitability following whiplash injury. Pain. 2010 Sep;150(3):501-506. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J. Compensation claim lodgement and health outcome developmental trajectories following whiplash injury: A prospective study. Pain. 2010 Jul;150(1):22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.013. Epub 2010 Mar 21.
Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J. Similar factors predict disability and posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories after whiplash injury. Pain. 2011 Jun;152(6):1272-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.056. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J, Kristjansson E, Dumas JP, Niere K, Cote J, deSerres S, Rivest K, Jull G. Assessment and validation of prognostic models for poor functional recovery 12 months after whiplash injury: a multicentre inception cohort study. Pain. 2012 Aug;153(8):1727-1734. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.004. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
Sterling M, Jull G, Kenardy J. Physical and psychological factors maintain long-term predictive capacity post-whiplash injury. Pain. 2006 May;122(1-2):102-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.014. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B, Kenardy J, Darnell R. Physical and psychological factors predict outcome following whiplash injury. Pain. 2005 Mar;114(1-2):141-8. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.005. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
Stewart MJ, Maher CG, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Bogduk N, Nicholas M. Randomized controlled trial of exercise for chronic whiplash-associated disorders. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):59-68. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.08.030. Epub 2006 Oct 9.
Tate RL, Perdices M, Rosenkoetter U, Shadish W, Vohra S, Barlow DH, Horner R, Kazdin A, Kratochwill T, McDonald S, Sampson M, Shamseer L, Togher L, Albin R, Backman C, Douglas J, Evans JJ, Gast D, Manolov R, Mitchell G, Nickels L, Nikles J, Ownsworth T, Rose M, Schmid CH, Wilson B. The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017 Jan;27(1):1-15. doi: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1190533. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
Teasell RW, McClure JA, Walton D, Pretty J, Salter K, Meyer M, Sequeira K, Death B. A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 2 - interventions for acute WAD. Pain Res Manag. 2010 Sep-Oct;15(5):295-304. doi: 10.1155/2010/640164.
Teasell RW, McClure JA, Walton D, Pretty J, Salter K, Meyer M, Sequeira K, Death B. A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 4 - noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD. Pain Res Manag. 2010 Sep-Oct;15(5):313-22. doi: 10.1155/2010/487279.
Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991 Sep;14(7):409-15.
Ware J Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care. 1996 Mar;34(3):220-33. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003.
Winkelstein BA, Santos DG. An intact facet capsular ligament modulates behavioral sensitivity and spinal glial activation produced by cervical facet joint tension. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Apr 15;33(8):856-62. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816b4710.
Wu J, Zhou J, Liu C, Zhang J, Xiong W, Lv Y, Liu R, Wang R, Du Z, Zhang G, Liu Q. A Prospective Study Comparing Platelet-Rich Plasma and Local Anesthetic (LA)/Corticosteroid in Intra-Articular Injection for the Treatment of Lumbar Facet Joint Syndrome. Pain Pract. 2017 Sep;17(7):914-924. doi: 10.1111/papr.12544. Epub 2017 Feb 22.
Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs. 2005 Aug;14(7):798-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01121.x.
Lord SM, Barnsley L, Bogduk N. Percutaneous radiofrequency neurotomy in the treatment of cervical zygapophysial joint pain: a caution. Neurosurgery. 1995 Apr;36(4):732-9. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199504000-00014.
Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Sydney: Psychology Foundation.
Nikles, J. (2015). What are N-of-1 Trials? In J. Nikles & G. Mitchell (Eds.), The Essential Guide to N-of-1 Trials in Health (pp. 9-17). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
Parker, R. I., Vannest, K. J., & Brown, L. (2009). The improvement rate difference for single case research. Exceptional Children, 75, 135-150
Podd D. Platelet-rich plasma therapy: origins and applications investigated. JAAPA. 2012 Jun;25(6):44-9. doi: 10.1097/01720610-201206000-00009. No abstract available.
SIRA - Guidelines for the management of acute whiplash associated disorders - for health professionals. (2014).
Sullivan, M., Bishop, S., & Pivik, J. (1995). The pain catastrophizing scale: development and validation. Psychol Assess, 7, 524-532
Van den Noortgate, W., & Onghena, P. (2007). The aggregation of single-case results using hierarchical linear models. The Behavior Analyst Today, 8(2), 196-209
TRACsa - Clinical guidelines for best practice management of acute and chronic whiplash-associated disorders (2008).
Jull, G., Sterling, M., Falla, D., et al. (2008). Whiplash, Headache and Neck Pain (1 ed.): Churchill Livingstone.
Related Links
Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.
Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence Working Group(2011). The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence Table (Introduction)
Other Identifiers
Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.
REB18-0724
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id