Evaluating the Impact of VR-therapy on BPSD and QoL of Individuals With Dementia Admitted to Hospital

NCT ID: NCT03941119

Last Updated: 2020-11-05

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

TERMINATED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

77 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-05-06

Study Completion Date

2020-03-16

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) (such as aggression, restlessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, depression) are common to most people with dementia at some point during their illness and represent an aspect of dementia particularly difficult to manage. There is growing attention to the therapeutic effects of natural environments on people's health. Exposure to natural environments (seeing greenery, hearing outside natural sounds) has been shown to enhance wellbeing, reduce depression, anxiety and stress levels, and decrease hospital length-of-stay for inpatients. Virtual Reality (VR) is a novel technology that uses a Head Mounted Display (HMD) to generate simulated immersive experiences that elicit perceptions and behaviors similar to those in real life and can make one feel as though they are truly present in another place. Based on scientific research, previous studies, and expert consultation, we created a library of VR experiences depicting calming nature scenes designed specifically for people with dementia.

The objectives of this RCT are 1) to evaluate the effects of VR-therapy on BPSD and the hospital care experience of in-patients with dementia and/or delirium admitted to an acute care hospital, 2) to determine the usability, tolerability, and safety of VR-therapy for patients with dementia and/or delirium admitted to acute care, 3) determine the effect of VR-therapy on quality of life for patients with dementia and/or delirium admitted to acute care and 4) to explore a framework for introducing non-pharmacological therapies in acute care hospitals.

Our hypotheses are 1) VR-therapy helps manage BPSD (e.g. decrease anxiety, aggression, depression, violent behaviors, incidents of wandering), and may decrease the amount and/or frequency of sedatives and anti-depressant medication administered and/or the number of incidents that require restraints, and the number of falls, in people with dementia and/or delirium admitted to an acute care hospital. 2) VR-therapy will improve the quality of life for individuals with dementia and/or delirium admitted to an acute care hospital (operationalized through conducting a validated instrument to measure quality of life for people with dementia). 3) VR-therapy is safe and feasible to administer to individuals with dementia and/or delirium admitted to an acute care hospital (with assistance from their circle of care members and/or caregivers).

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) (including hallucinations, delusions, aggression, restlessness, agitation, wandering, anxiety, depression, elation, euphoria, disinhibition, motor disturbances, nighttime behaviours, and appetite disturbances) represent an aspect of dementia particularly difficult to manage for which new treatments are urgently needed. Current means to manage BPSD typically involve medications (e.g. anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, sedatives) associated with negative side effects such as lethargy, loss-of-self, cognitive decline, and increased risk of falls, and/or applying physical barriers and restraints (alarms, locks, Buxton chairs, tethers) that can cause pressure sores, injury, infection, as well as negative psychological effects such as anxiety, distress, and aggression. Although options for non-pharmacological management of BPSD in acute care exist (e.g. reminiscence therapy, therapeutic touch, music therapy), they are seldom implemented in practice due to lack of time, resources, and/or training.

Exposure to natural environments (seeing greenery, hearing outside natural sounds) has been shown to enhance wellbeing, reduce depression, anxiety, and stress levels, and decrease hospital length-of-stay for inpatients. Through VR technology, one's surroundings can be seamlessly replaced by a virtual world of their choosing. Based on previous studies and expert consultation, we created a library of VR experiences depicting calming nature scenes (peaceful lake, refreshing forest, cheerful playground) designed specifically for people with dementia, as a prototype for introducing immersive VR-therapy to hospitals, long term care facilities and private homes. The goal of VR-therapy is to help manage BPSD and stimulate psychological/cognitive health and daytime engagement for people with dementia.

The RCT will be informed by our prior pilot study conducted in the hospitalist medicine department of Michael Garron Hospital with inpatients with dementia to validate the proposed RCT study protocol (processes, methods, recruitment strategy, resource requirements, timelines) as well as by previous feasibility studies in outpatients that showed it is safe and feasible to use VR/HMDs for people with dementia.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Dementia Delirium Superimposed on Dementia

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

This is an open trial, unblinded to both participants and research staff, due to the nature of the intervention. The randomization into VR-therapy or standard of care (no VR-therapy) will be performed using a randomization tool within a secure web application. The sequence allocation will be concealed from those assigning participants to the intervention groups, until the moment of assignment. Participants will be assigned to groups only after informed consent has been obtained.
Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Intervention

The intervention arm will receive a VR-therapy session every 24-72 hours of their stay in the hospital. Participants will view specially designed 360-degree VR films using a Virtual Reality head mounted display for a maximum of 20 minutes per session.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

VR-therapy

Intervention Type OTHER

Wearing a Virtual Reality head mounted device allows the user to become immersed in a virtual environment. We have assembled a library of 3-10 minute 360-degree films from a variety of nature settings. The VR films were intentionally chosen to be calming in distinctive ways, as supported by the literature around nature visualization and wellbeing. By varying 1) the lengths of the films (3, 5, and 10 minutes), 2) the types of natural elements (greenery, earth, sky, water), 3) distance of view (close-ups, vistas), 4) motion (flowing water, wind in trees), 5) sound, and 6) presence of different elements (humans/animals, scenery, urban sites, etc.), the content provides a wide range of attributes that can be collaboratively selected by the individual, caregiver, or health care provider for each individual. We will display these films on commercially available VR equipment and will provide audio matching the film using commercially available headphones.

Control

The control arm will not receive any VR-therapy sessions during their hospital stay.

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

VR-therapy

Wearing a Virtual Reality head mounted device allows the user to become immersed in a virtual environment. We have assembled a library of 3-10 minute 360-degree films from a variety of nature settings. The VR films were intentionally chosen to be calming in distinctive ways, as supported by the literature around nature visualization and wellbeing. By varying 1) the lengths of the films (3, 5, and 10 minutes), 2) the types of natural elements (greenery, earth, sky, water), 3) distance of view (close-ups, vistas), 4) motion (flowing water, wind in trees), 5) sound, and 6) presence of different elements (humans/animals, scenery, urban sites, etc.), the content provides a wide range of attributes that can be collaboratively selected by the individual, caregiver, or health care provider for each individual. We will display these films on commercially available VR equipment and will provide audio matching the film using commercially available headphones.

Intervention Type OTHER

Other Intervention Names

Discover alternative or legacy names that may be used to describe the listed interventions across different sources.

Oculus Go Standalone Virtual Reality Headset Oculus Go Virtual Reality Headset VR Headset VR HMD Virtual Reality

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Patients who are 65 years of age or older.
* Patients admitted to Michael Garron Hospital (MGH).
* Patients diagnosed with, or suspected to have, dementia.

Exclusion Criteria

* Patients with open wounds on face (sutured lacerations exempted).
* Patients with a history of seizures or epilepsy.
* Patients with a pacemaker.
* Patients with head trauma or stroke leading to their current admission.
* Patients with cervical conditions or injuries that would make it unsafe for them to use the VR headset.
* Patients with alcohol related dementia/ Korsakoff syndrome.
* Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or Adult Mental Health Inpatient Service.
* Patients who require but do not have a Substitute Decision Maker (SDM) or patients from which there is no contactable SDM.
* Patients who have a Public Guardian and Trustee (PGT) as SDM.
* Patients who participated in the VRx study during their previous hospitalization and are readmitted less than 30-days after previous hospital discharge.
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

Centre for Aging and Brain Health Innovation

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Michael Garron Hospital

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University Health Network, Toronto

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Lora Appel

Collaborating Scientist

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Lora Appel, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

OpenLab, University Health Network

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Michael Garron Hospital

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

Canada

References

Explore related publications, articles, or registry entries linked to this study.

Berman MG, Kross E, Krpan KM, Askren MK, Burson A, Deldin PJ, Kaplan S, Sherdell L, Gotlib IH, Jonides J. Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depression. J Affect Disord. 2012 Nov;140(3):300-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.012. Epub 2012 Mar 31.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22464936 (View on PubMed)

Brodaty H, Donkin M. Family caregivers of people with dementia. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2009;11(2):217-28. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2009.11.2/hbrodaty.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19585957 (View on PubMed)

Diette GB, Lechtzin N, Haponik E, Devrotes A, Rubin HR. Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: a complementary approach to routine analgesia. Chest. 2003 Mar;123(3):941-8. doi: 10.1378/chest.123.3.941.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12628899 (View on PubMed)

Hughes JC, Louw SJ. Electronic tagging of people with dementia who wander. BMJ. 2002 Oct 19;325(7369):847-8. doi: 10.1136/bmj.325.7369.847. No abstract available.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12386013 (View on PubMed)

Kaplan R. The Nature of the View from Home: Psychological Benefits. Sage Publications 33(4): 507-542, 2001.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Kaplan S. The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology 15: 169-182

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Morita E, Fukuda S, Nagano J, Hamajima N, Yamamoto H, Iwai Y, Nakashima T, Ohira H, Shirakawa T. Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health. 2007 Jan;121(1):54-63. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2006.05.024. Epub 2006 Oct 20.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 17055544 (View on PubMed)

Park BJ, Tsunetsugu Y, Kasetani T, Kagawa T, Miyazaki Y. The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 2010 Jan;15(1):18-26. doi: 10.1007/s12199-009-0086-9.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19568835 (View on PubMed)

Park SH, Mattson RH. Ornamental indoor plants in hospital rooms enhanced health outcomes of patients recovering from surgery. J Altern Complement Med. 2009 Sep;15(9):975-80. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0075.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 19715461 (View on PubMed)

Robinson L, Hutchings D, Corner L, Beyer F, Dickinson H, Vanoli A, Finch T, Hughes J, Ballard C, May C, Bond J. A systematic literature review of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent wandering in dementia and evaluation of the ethical implications and acceptability of their use. Health Technol Assess. 2006 Aug;10(26):iii, ix-108. doi: 10.3310/hta10260.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 16849002 (View on PubMed)

Ulrich RS. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):420-1. doi: 10.1126/science.6143402.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 6143402 (View on PubMed)

Ulrich, RS. Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects. Environment and Behavior 13(5): 523-556, 1981.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Ulrich RS. Health Benefits of Gardens in Hospitals. Plants for People International Exhibition Floriade 2002.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Ulrich RS, Simons RF, Losito BD, Fiorito E, Miles MA, Zelson M. Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology 11: 201-230, 1991.

Reference Type BACKGROUND

Weiner MF, Martin-Cook K, Svetlik DA, Saine K, Foster B, Fontaine CS. The quality of life in late-stage dementia (QUALID) scale. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2000 May-Jun;1(3):114-6.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 12818023 (View on PubMed)

Appel L, Appel E, Kisonas E, Lewis-Fung S, Pardini S, Rosenberg J, Appel J, Smith C. Evaluating the Impact of Virtual Reality on the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Quality of Life of Inpatients With Dementia in Acute Care: Randomized Controlled Trial (VRCT). J Med Internet Res. 2024 Jan 30;26:e51758. doi: 10.2196/51758.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 38289666 (View on PubMed)

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N3ywcoqR4Co&feature=youtu.be

Elderly women with dementia view virtual reality films and provide feedback on their experience.

https://www.prescribingvr.com/

The VRx RCT website offered to participants and/or their substitute decision makers to learn more about VR and the study.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

782-1812-Mis-332

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id