Using ICT to Deliver Brief Motivational Interviewing to Promote Smoking Cessation Among Smokers With Chronic Diseases

NCT ID: NCT03921606

Last Updated: 2020-11-04

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

UNKNOWN

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

720 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-04-10

Study Completion Date

2021-03-01

Brief Summary

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This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a general health promotion (GHP) approach using information communication technology (ICT) to deliver a brief motivational interviewing (MI) to motivate smokers with chronic diseases to quit smoking. Subjects in the intervention group will receive a GHP approach using ICT (e.g., WhatsApp/WeChat) to deliver brief MI. Subjects in the control group will receive an individual face-to-face generic health advice plus a self-help booklet on smoking cessation at the time of recruitment.

Detailed Description

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Smoking exerts harmful effects on nearly every organ of the body and causes 7 million deaths worldwide each year. In Hong Kong, despite a decrease in the prevalence of daily cigarette smoking from 23.3% in 1982 to 10.0% in 2017, there are still 615,000 daily smokers. The evidence has shown that continued smoking in patients with chronic diseases can reduce the efficacy of medical treatments and increase the risk of treatment-related side effects. Nevertheless, many smokers with chronic diseases have a long smoking history, a strong nicotine dependency, and have not attempted or have no intention to quit. It is essential to develop and evaluate a more innovative and effective intervention to enhance the acceptability of smoking cessation for smokers with chronic diseases.

The proposed intervention will aim to facilitate the movement through five stages of change (pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance)15 via the (i) foot-in-the-door technique and (ii) a brief MI. The World Health Organization defines medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices as mobile health, a new strategy to promote health.21 Instant messaging, such as WhatsApp/WeChat delivered by mobile devices, is widely used for health promotion and treatment compliance.22 One advantage of using WhatsApp/WeChat is that it can offer quick, real-time interactions and continuing professional advice and support for subjects to manage their health-related lifestyle practices. Most importantly, WhatsApp/WeChat is more flexible, efficient and time-saving compared to face-to-face meetings to deliver a brief MI as face-to-face meetings would require the subjects to return several times for interventions. A systematic review of the use of mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation showed that smokers who received instant messages via mobile phones were more likely to abstain from smoking compared to those who used traditional face-to-face cessation services.23 A recent study conducted by our team in Hong Kong also showed that the use of WhatsApp for instant messaging was more effective in smoking relapse prevention for recent quitters.24 However, we found no reports or proposals based on the above conceptual framework and strategies in which ICTs were used with smokers who had no intention to quit.

Conditions

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Smoking Cessation

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Experimental group

The experimental group will receive a brief MI via WhatsApp/WeChat on a smartphone during the study period. The brief MI messages will be delivered more intensively as preferred by the subject (usually not less than once every 2 to 3 days and no more than 2 times per day) for the first 6 months. The frequency of delivering the messages via WhatsApp/WeChat will be interactive, depending on the subjects' actions and responses, and may take several sessions of chats within several days or weeks. However, the total time spent by the interventionist will not be more than that for a traditional MI with several long sessions. After 6 months, minimal messages will be provided to the subjects by merely following their progress of behavioural changes and responding to their questions to maintain contact until the 1-year follow-up. The total time spent will be recorded and analysed.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Motivational Interviewing (i-BMI)

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A brief MI via WhatsApp/WeChat

Control group

The control group will receive individual face-to-face generic health advice (about 5 minutes) on a health-related lifestyle practice such as eating more vegetables and fruits, eating less high salt, fat or sugar foods, consuming less sugary drinks, engaging in more exercise of any kind or intensity, reducing alcohol consumption or reducing weight (if overweight or obese) in SOPCs. A self-help booklet on smoking cessation published by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health with Hotline will be also provided in the SOPCs. The subjects in this group will receive the same schedule of follow-ups as in the intervention group, but they will not receive any follow-up booster intervention.

Group Type OTHER

Individual face-to-face generic health advice

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Individual face-to-face generic health advice (about 5 minutes) on a health-related lifestyle practice such as eating more vegetables and fruits, eating less high salt, fat or sugar foods, consuming less sugary drinks, engaging in more exercise of any kind or intensity, reducing alcohol consumption or reducing weight (if overweight or obese). A self-help booklet on smoking cessation published by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health with Hotline will be also provided in the SOPCs.

Interventions

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Motivational Interviewing (i-BMI)

A brief MI via WhatsApp/WeChat

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Individual face-to-face generic health advice

Individual face-to-face generic health advice (about 5 minutes) on a health-related lifestyle practice such as eating more vegetables and fruits, eating less high salt, fat or sugar foods, consuming less sugary drinks, engaging in more exercise of any kind or intensity, reducing alcohol consumption or reducing weight (if overweight or obese). A self-help booklet on smoking cessation published by the Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health with Hotline will be also provided in the SOPCs.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* aged 18 years or above,
* able to speak Cantonese and read Chinese
* do not intend to quit smoking (pre-contemplation stage), but are willing to promote their health
* use a smartphone and can use an instant messaging tool (e.g., WhatsApp/WeChat)
* willing to receive health promotion advice and interact with our interventionist via WhatsApp/WeChat on a smartphone throughout the study period

Exclusion Criteria

* inability to give informed consent or participate in our intervention due to impaired mental status, cognitive impairment or communication barriers
* participate in another smoking cessation programme or service
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

80 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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The University of Hong Kong

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Ho Cheung William Li, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

The University of Hong Kong

Locations

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The University of Hong Kong

Hong Kong, , Hong Kong

Site Status RECRUITING

Countries

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Hong Kong

Central Contacts

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Ho Cheung William Li, PhD

Role: CONTACT

+85239176634

Long Kwan Ho, MPhil

Role: CONTACT

+85239176643

Facility Contacts

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Ho Cheung William Li, PhD

Role: primary

Other Identifiers

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NTWCREC19001

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id