Trial Outcomes & Findings for Older Adult Effectiveness of 2 Treatments (NCT NCT03916926)

NCT ID: NCT03916926

Last Updated: 2025-08-13

Results Overview

International Caries Detection and Assessment System was the standard used to identify active caries lesions by examination at baseline by calibrated dental hygienists. ICDAS examination was then used to assess caries arrest on permanent tooth surfaces with moderate to severe lesions (ICDAS codes 3-6 with activity code 2 (active)) that received SDF or ART + FV treatment baseline. A lesion was considered arrested if, at follow-up, the activity code is 1 (inactive) or the surface is sound (code S). The mean was calculated with standard deviation for both arms.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

568 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline to 26 weeks

Results posted on

2025-08-13

Participant Flow

Forty (40) low income housing sites were randomized to one of two treatment arms, however, seven (7) were unable to participate due to logistical reasons. Adults aged 62 and older were recruited from the remaining 33 sites in Northeast Ohio from September 2019 - April 2023 to participate in the baseline dental screening (952 completed the screening). The goal was to enroll 590, but only those with active decay (568) were eligible to participate in the clinical trial phase of the study (phase 2).

Randomization was at the level of the cluster (housing facility)

Unit of analysis: Housing Sites

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Baseline Visit
STARTED
346 20
222 20
Baseline Visit
COMPLETED
346 18
222 15
Baseline Visit
NOT COMPLETED
0 2
0 5
26 Week Follow-Up Visit
STARTED
346 18
222 15
26 Week Follow-Up Visit
COMPLETED
284 18
185 15
26 Week Follow-Up Visit
NOT COMPLETED
62 0
37 0
52 Week Follow-Up Visit
STARTED
335 18
220 15
52 Week Follow-Up Visit
COMPLETED
291 18
195 15
52 Week Follow-Up Visit
NOT COMPLETED
44 0
25 0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
26 Week Follow-Up Visit
Missed due to COVID-19/logistical issues
51
35
26 Week Follow-Up Visit
Withdrawal by Subject
11
2
52 Week Follow-Up Visit
Missed due to COVID-19 or logistical issues
22
13
52 Week Follow-Up Visit
Withdrawal by Subject
22
12

Baseline Characteristics

Sex data was missing for two participants

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=346 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=222 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Total
n=568 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
70.13 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.95 • n=346 Participants
68.85 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.39 • n=222 Participants
69.63 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.76 • n=568 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
193 Participants
n=344 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
98 Participants
n=222 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
291 Participants
n=566 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
151 Participants
n=344 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
124 Participants
n=222 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
275 Participants
n=566 Participants • Sex data was missing for two participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
6 Participants
n=346 Participants
9 Participants
n=222 Participants
15 Participants
n=568 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
339 Participants
n=346 Participants
211 Participants
n=222 Participants
550 Participants
n=568 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
1 Participants
n=346 Participants
2 Participants
n=222 Participants
3 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
1 Participants
n=346 Participants
0 Participants
n=222 Participants
1 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
1 Participants
n=346 Participants
2 Participants
n=222 Participants
3 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=346 Participants
0 Participants
n=222 Participants
0 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
204 Participants
n=346 Participants
165 Participants
n=222 Participants
369 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
122 Participants
n=346 Participants
42 Participants
n=222 Participants
164 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
14 Participants
n=346 Participants
8 Participants
n=222 Participants
22 Participants
n=568 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
4 Participants
n=346 Participants
5 Participants
n=222 Participants
9 Participants
n=568 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
346 participants
n=346 Participants
222 participants
n=222 Participants
568 participants
n=568 Participants
Decayed Tooth Surfaces
5.80 decayed tooth surfaces
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.55 • n=346 Participants
4.76 decayed tooth surfaces
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.81 • n=222 Participants
5.39 decayed tooth surfaces
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.93 • n=568 Participants
Tooth Pain and Sensitivity
0.25 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.48 • n=346 Participants
0.24 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.49 • n=222 Participants
0.24 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.48 • n=568 Participants
Geriatric Oral health Related Quality of Life
30.03 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.57 • n=346 Participants
29.78 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.88 • n=222 Participants
29.93 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.69 • n=568 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 26 weeks

Population: Analysis was completed for the SDF (279) group and ART + FV group (184).

International Caries Detection and Assessment System was the standard used to identify active caries lesions by examination at baseline by calibrated dental hygienists. ICDAS examination was then used to assess caries arrest on permanent tooth surfaces with moderate to severe lesions (ICDAS codes 3-6 with activity code 2 (active)) that received SDF or ART + FV treatment baseline. A lesion was considered arrested if, at follow-up, the activity code is 1 (inactive) or the surface is sound (code S). The mean was calculated with standard deviation for both arms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=279 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=184 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Caries Arrest Rate
0.75 surfaces
Standard Deviation 0.36
0.91 surfaces
Standard Deviation 0.21

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

Population: Analysis was completed for the SDF (272) group and ART + FV group (187).

International Caries Detection and Assessment System was the standard used to identify active caries lesions by examination at baseline by calibrated dental hygienists. ICDAS examination was then used to assess caries arrest on permanent tooth surfaces with moderate to severe lesions (ICDAS codes 3-6 with activity code 2 (active)) that received SDF or ART + FV treatment baseline. A lesion was considered arrested if, at follow-up, the activity code is 1 (inactive) or the surface is sound (code S). The mean was calculated with standard deviation for both arms.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=272 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=187 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Caries Arrest Rate
0.88 surfaces
Standard Deviation 0.25
0.92 surfaces
Standard Deviation 0.21

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 26 weeks

Population: Analysis was completed for the SDF (284) group and ART + FV group (184) for Pain Scores at 26 weeks.

Tooth Pain and Sensitivity were assessed using the PROMIS v.1.0 - Pain Intensity 3a (Modified for Dental). A mean pain intensity score was created for the 3-item scale and ranged from 0-4 (Had no pain - 0, Mild-1, Moderate-2, Severe-3 to Very Severe - 4) and was then collapsed to 0-2 (No pain-0, mild/moderate-1, and severe/very severe-2. Higher scores indicate more pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=284 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=184 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Tooth Pain
0.27 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.50
0.21 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

Population: Analysis was completed for the SDF (290) group and ART + FV group (192) for Pain Scores at 52 weeks.

Tooth Pain and Sensitivity were assessed using the PROMIS v.1.0 - Pain Intensity 3a (Modified for Dental). A mean pain intensity score was created for the 3-item scale and ranged from 0-4 (Had no pain - 0, Mild-1, Moderate-2, Severe-3 to Very Severe - 4) and was then collapsed to 0-2 (No pain-0, mild/moderate-1, and severe/very severe-2. Higher scores indicate more pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=290 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=192 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Tooth Pain
0.21 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.43
0.25 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.49

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 26 weeks

Population: Analysis for SDF (281) group and ART + FV group (184) for newly decayed surfaces at 26 weeks.

New decay was defined as ICDAS lesion code ≥3 (localized to extensive decay) on one or more surfaces on teeth previously not found at baseline even on surfaces that did not receive the study treatments. ICDAS examination was used to determine the count of newly decayed surfaces on teeth and the mean was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=281 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=184 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Prevention of New Decay
0.94 surfaces
Standard Deviation 2.03
0.52 surfaces
Standard Deviation 1.46

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

Population: Analysis for SDF (282) group and ART + FV group (192) for newly decayed surfaces at 52 weeks.

New decay was defined as ICDAS lesion code ≥3 (localized to extensive decay) on one or more surfaces on teeth previously not found at baseline even on surfaces that did not receive the study treatments. ICDAS examination was used to determine the count of newly decayed surfaces on teeth and the mean was calculated.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=282 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=192 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Prevention of New Decay
0.67 surfaces
Standard Deviation 1.72
0.66 surfaces
Standard Deviation 1.71

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 26 weeks

Population: Analysis for SDF (284) group and ART + FV group (184) for the mean of overall GOHRQoL scores at 26 weeks.

Geriatric Oral Health Related Quality of Life (GOHRQoL) overall score is created by taking the sum of each of the 12 items, which were collected using a Likert type scale with 3 levels (Always/Often - 1, Sometimes/Seldom - 2, Never - 3). The overall scores ranged from 12-36 with higher scores indicating better quality of life. The mean was calculated for the SDF and ART groups.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=284 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=184 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Oral Health Related Quality of Life
30.73 mean of overall scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.33
30.45 mean of overall scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.43

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline to 52 weeks

Population: Analysis for SDF (290) group and ART + FV group (192) for the mean of overall GOHRQoL scores at 52 weeks.

Geriatric Oral Health Related Quality of Life (GOHRQoL) overall score is created by taking the sum of each of the 12 items, which were collected using a Likert type scale with 3 levels (Always/Often - 1, Sometimes/Seldom - 2, Never - 3). The overall scores ranged from 12-36 with higher scores indicating better quality of life. The mean was calculated for the SDF and ART groups.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=290 Participants
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=192 Participants
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
Oral Health Related Quality of Life
30.44 mean of overall scores on a scale
Standard Error 4.65
30.04 mean of overall scores on a scale
Standard Error 4.94

Adverse Events

A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF

Serious events: 14 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 14 deaths

A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV

Serious events: 8 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 8 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
A "Simple Medical Strategy" Consisting of SDF
n=346 participants at risk
The treatment will be bi-annual application (at baseline and 26 weeks) of topical 38% silver diamine fluoride (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL) following manufacturer's instructions and guidelines published by UCSF (2016). A "simple medical strategy" consisting of silver diamine fluoride (SDF): Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL)
A "Typical Dental Strategy" Consisting of ART + FV
n=222 participants at risk
Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) will be a modification of the approach used by Lo and colleagues (2006), and the cavity restored at baseline with resin reinforced glass-ionomer cement (GIC) (GC Corporation, Japan). Participants in this arm will also receive biannual topical fluoride varnish application (FluoriMax, Elevate) according to manufacturer's instructions. B "typical dental strategy" consisting of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) with glass ionomer cement + Fluoride varnish (FV): GC Fuji (for ART) and FluoriMax Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care LLC., West Palm Beach, FL (for FV)
General disorders
Death
4.0%
14/346 • Adverse event data was collected from baseline to the 52 week follow-up.
Adverse event information was collected for participants. Adverse events were unrelated to the intervention.
3.6%
8/222 • Adverse event data was collected from baseline to the 52 week follow-up.
Adverse event information was collected for participants. Adverse events were unrelated to the intervention.

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Suchitra Nelson

Case Western Reserve University

Phone: 216-368-3469

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place