Lung Impedetiometric Modification in SBT and Extubation Failure

NCT ID: NCT03894332

Last Updated: 2019-03-29

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

80 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2015-06-01

Study Completion Date

2016-06-30

Brief Summary

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Weaning is the entire process aimed at liberating patients from mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation. Weaning should be considered as early as possible in order to reduce the time spent in invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV), which is associated with morbidity and mortality. To verify if patients are ready to be extubated, a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is performed. At this stage some clinical indices and objective parameters are evaluated, such as the breathing pattern, gas exchange, haemodynamic stability and patient's comfort. In case of SBT success, the patient can be extubated. However, a post-extubation respiratory failure can occur within the first 48 hours after extubation, thus making extubation unsuccessful. Some patients considered at risk for post-extubation respiratory failure benefit from the application of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) after extubation. Early characterization of these patients is crucial to improve their clinical outcomes.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) has been introduced in clinical practice as a non-invasive bedside monitoring tool to evaluate the aeration and ventilation of different lung regions. EIT has been proposed to guide ventilator settings adjustments in critically ill patients and to monitor prolonged weaning. However, the potential of EIT to assess SBT and after extubation in a general ICU population has never been evaluated insofar.

The present study aims to describe the modifications of lung aeration, ventilation and inhomogeneity occurring during SBT and after extubation in a general population of critically ill patients at the first SBT attempt.

Detailed Description

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Conditions

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Weaning Failure Mechanical Ventilation Complication

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

CASE_CONTROL

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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SBT Success

Patients took part of this cohort when succeeding the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT).

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device.

We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30).

EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed.

We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

SBT Failure

Patients took part of this cohort when failing the Spontaneous Breathing Trial (SBT).

SBT Failure is defined by one or more of the following criteria occurring during the SBT:

1. loss of ≥ 2 points of Glasgow Coma Scale
2. respiratory rate/ tidal volume ≥105 breaths/min/L
3. arterial partial pressure of oxygen ≤60 mmHg on inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) ≥0.5 and/or pH \<7.32 or a decrease in pH ≥0.07 units at the end of the SBT
4. systolic Blood Pressure \<90 mmHg or ≥180 mmHg or increased by ≥20%
5. Heart Rate \>140 beats/min or increased by 20%
6. onset of major heart arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic signs of cardiac ischemia
7. Respiratory Rate ≥35 breaths/min or increased by ≥50%
8. increased effort, respiratory distress (as indicated by diaphoresis, accessory respiratory muscles recruitment, facial signs of distress and/or paradoxical breath)

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device.

We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30).

EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed.

We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

Extubation Success

Patients took part of this cohort when, after extubation, did not need continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), non invasive ventilation (NIV) or reintubation within 48 hours.

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device.

We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30).

EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed.

We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

Extubation Failure

Need for continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP), non invasive ventilation (NIV) or reintubation within 48 hours from extubation, as defined by:

1. Respiratory Rate \>25 breaths/min for 2 hours
2. Heart Rate \>140 beats/min or sustained increase or decrease \>20%
3. clinical signs of respiratory muscle failure
4. arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) \<80 mmHg on inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) ≥50%
5. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide \>45 mmHg with pH \<7.33

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device.

We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30).

EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed.

We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

Interventions

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Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT)

After enrollment, a silicon EIT belt of proper size with 16 electrodes was placed around the patient's chest between the 4th and 6th intercostal spaces, and connected to the EIT device. All patients were ventilated in Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV) mode, with a dedicated ventilator connected to the EIT device.

We acquired 5-min EIT data records at baseline (during PSV), during the first (SBT\_0) and the last (SBT\_30) 5 minutes of SBT, and, when the patient was extubated, during spontaneous breathing soon after (SB\_0) and 30 minutes after extubation (SB\_30).

EIT and ventilator data were recorded at a sample of 20 Hz. The last 3 minutes of each record were analyzed.

We measured respiratory rate (RR); Vt changes from baseline, expressed as percent (dVt%); dEELI variations from baseline, expressed in mL; the Global Inhomogeneity index (GI); Impedance ratio (IR) and the Center of Ventilation (CoV).

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Glasgow Coma Scale ≥8
* presence of clearly audible cough during suctioning with need for tracheal suctioning ≤2/hour
* normal sodium blood values
* core temperature \<38.5° during the previous 8 hours
* Arterial partial pressure of oxygen to inspired oxygen fraction (PaO2/FiO2) ≥200 mmHg, with a Positive End Expiratory Pressure ≤5 cmH2O and FiO2 ≤0.4
* stable cardiovascular status (i.e., HR ≤140 beats/min, sBP between 90 and 160 mmHg without need for vasopressin, epinephrine or norepinephrine infusion, or with dopamine or dobutamine infusion ≤5 mcg/kg/min)
* cuff leak volume \>110 mL

Exclusion Criteria

* major heart arrhythmias or cardiac ischemia
* pneumothorax or emphysema
* recent (1 week) thoracic surgery
* presence of chest burns
* pregnancy
* inclusion in other research protocols
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University Magna Graecia

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Federico Longhini

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Federico Longhini

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Mater Domini, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University

References

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Other Identifiers

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CPAP2EIT

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id