Trial Outcomes & Findings for Painted Playgrounds Aim 1 (NCT NCT03890913)

Last Updated: 2025-02-03

Results Overview

The investigators will observe the number of children participating in physical activity during recess before and after the implementation of a playground stenciling intervention to asses for change. The observation will be performed using a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY). SOPLAY is an observational tool designed to assess physical activity levels \& environmental conditions in settings where youth are engaged in play and leisure. SOPLAY is typically used to capture data on physical activity levels, the type of activity, and environmental factors that may influence youth activity. SOPLAY does not produce a single cumulative "score" but instead provides a detailed record of activity levels and environmental conditions. The data is typically analyzed to assess patterns, identify factors that promote or inhibit physical activity, and guide interventions to improve youth physical activity engagement.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Target enrollment

51 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Children will be examined at follow up (6-8 weeks after receiving the stencils)

Results posted on

2025-02-03

Participant Flow

Unit of analysis: Childcare Centers

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Intervention Centers All childcare centers enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; wait-list control DID have spray painted stencils. 51 preschoolers at 4 childcare centers were observed	Wait-List Control All childcare centers enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; wait-list control did NOT have spray painted stencils. 51 preschoolers at 4 childcare centers were observed
Overall Study STARTED	32 2	19 2
Overall Study COMPLETED	32 2	19 2
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0 0	0 0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Painted Playgrounds Aim 1

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control n=19 Participants All childcare centers enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; control group DID receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 19 children in the control group	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention n=32 Participants All childcare centers enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; intervention group did NOT receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 32 children in the intervention group	Total n=51 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	19 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=7 Participants	51 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	12 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	29 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	7 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=7 Participants	22 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	12 Participants n=5 Participants	23 Participants n=7 Participants	35 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	6 Participants n=5 Participants	7 Participants n=7 Participants	13 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Children will be examined at follow up (6-8 weeks after receiving the stencils)

Population: A total number of 45 children were observed playing in either the intervention or control playgrounds. When the numbers listed below does not match with the over number of participants analyzed (51), that means the children not represented DID NOT use the stencils at their center. Reminder that the participants listed below are children who were students at the 4 sites within this aim.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control n=19 Participants All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; control group DID receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 19 children in the control group	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention n=26 Participants All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; intervention group did NOT receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 32 children in the intervention group
Change in Children's Physical Activity Levels During Recess Light physical activity	2.3 count of participants Standard Deviation 3.3	4.3 count of participants Standard Deviation 2.9
Change in Children's Physical Activity Levels During Recess Moderate physical activity	3.5 count of participants Standard Deviation 3.6	0.5 count of participants Standard Deviation 3.2
Change in Children's Physical Activity Levels During Recess Vigorous PA	2.6 count of participants Standard Deviation 1.2	.9 count of participants Standard Deviation 1.1
Change in Children's Physical Activity Levels During Recess Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity	6.2 count of participants Standard Deviation 4.1	1.4 count of participants Standard Deviation 3.7
Change in Children's Physical Activity Levels During Recess Sedentary Behavior	-8.5 count of participants Standard Deviation 6.8	-5.6 count of participants Standard Deviation 6.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: 4 sites were selected to participate in this study thus 4 directors completed the survey for this aim; directors were not considered to be enrolled in the study. These 4 centers are where the 51 preschoolers attend school and where the stencils were painted; child participants were not included in this analysis.

Childcare center directors will complete a survey assessing the physical activity environment (e.g. policies for outdoor play and screen time, available equipment, teacher engagement in physical activity, etc.) of their childcare center.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control n=4 childcare centers All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; control group DID receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 19 children in the control group	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; intervention group did NOT receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 32 children in the intervention group
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Providers are offered training opportunities in physical activity at 2 or more times per year. · No	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Does your center offered structured programs children to be physically active? · Yes	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Does your center offered structured programs children to be physically active? · No	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Do any community organizations support or provide physical activity programs at the center? · Yes	3 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Do any community organizations support or provide physical activity programs at the center? · No	1 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Active play time is provided to all preschool children more than 120 minutes each day. · Yes	4 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Active play time is provided to all preschool children more than 120 minutes each day. · No	0 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Preschool children are expected to remain seated for no more than 15 minutes at a time. · Yes	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Preschool children are expected to remain seated for no more than 15 minutes at a time. · No	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Indoor gross motor play area for preschool children consists of space for all activities. · Yes	1 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Indoor gross motor play area for preschool children consists of space for all activities. · No	3 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Outdoor play areas consist of multiple play areas, open space, and a track/path for wheeled toys. · Yes	4 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Outdoor play areas consist of multiple play areas, open space, and a track/path for wheeled toys. · No	0 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Portable play equipment consists of lots of variety for children to use at the same time. · Yes	1 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Portable play equipment consists of lots of variety for children to use at the same time. · No	3 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Physical Activity Environment Providers are offered training opportunities in physical activity at 2 or more times per year. · Yes	2 childcare centers	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6-8 weeks after receiving the playground stencils.

Population: 4 sites were selected to participate in this study; 2 were in the intervention group \& 2 were in the control group. These 4 centers are where the 51 preschoolers attend school and where the stencils were painted. The 2 directors from the intervention group only are included in the analysis population.

Intervention Childcare center directors will complete a survey to measure their satisfaction and perceptions of teacher's satisfaction with the playground stencils.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control n=2 childcare centers All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; control group DID receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 19 children in the control group	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; intervention group did NOT receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 32 children in the intervention group
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Do providers use the playground to teach academic concepts through movement? · Yes	2 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Do providers use the playground to teach academic concepts through movement? · No	0 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils If yes, are stencils used? · Yes	1 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils If yes, are stencils used? · No	1 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Have you seen any change in students' physical activity since the playground stencils were painted? · Yes	1 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Have you seen any change in students' physical activity since the playground stencils were painted? · No	1 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Are playground stencils used to infuse physical activity into the day outside of recess? · Yes	0 childcare centers	—
Satisfaction With Playground Stencils Are playground stencils used to infuse physical activity into the day outside of recess? · No	2 childcare centers	—

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Project staff will evaluate the availability of resources (i.e. playground space, equipment, etc.) at each childcare center.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control n=2 childcare centers All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; control group DID receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 19 children in the control group	Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention All childcare centers \& the children within that center enrolled to Aim 1 will be observed. The physical activity environment will be examined before and after the implementation of playground stencils; intervention group did NOT receive stencils. The demographic data listed represents the 32 children in the intervention group
Childcare Center Resources for Physical Activity Was Portable Play Equipment Present? · Yes	1 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Resources for Physical Activity Was Portable Play Equipment Present? · No	1 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Resources for Physical Activity Was Fixed Play Equipment Present? · Yes	2 childcare centers	—
Childcare Center Resources for Physical Activity Was Fixed Play Equipment Present? · No	0 childcare centers	—

Adverse Events

Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Children Enrolled in Participating Child Care Centers - Intervention

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Amanda Staiano

LSU's Pennington Biomedical Research Center

Phone: 225.763.2500

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place