Study Results
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Basic Information
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COMPLETED
NA
600 participants
INTERVENTIONAL
2019-04-01
2020-06-01
Brief Summary
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The intervention is planned as follows: A digital platform, providing the intervention villages with digital health messages related to the above-mentioned diseases, will be implemented in TZ in 2019. The platform will be accessible free of charge, through own devices and tablets based in the local Wi-Fi spots in the villages.
In the first part of this project, the doctoral research fellow will participate in developing the digital health messages, together with experts from the medical and teaching environments in Tanzania, Norway, Germany and USA.
The second part of the PhD-project consists of a cluster non-randomised controlled trial and semi-structured interviews in Tanzania. The digital health messages will be physically shown to the participants in the intervention group. The study is planned to investigate the knowledge related to the intervention diseases, before the intervention, immediately after exposure to the intervention, and at follow-up points throughout one year, after the intervention has been implemented. Semi-structured interviews with clients (users of the intervention) from each of the intervention villages are included, to explore the perception and reception of the intervention.
The baseline study and the immediate after survey will take place in Tanzania in Q1 2019, while the other follow-up studies and interviews (3, 6 and 12 months after baseline) will be undertaken throughout one year.
Detailed Description
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The PhD-project consist of three work packages (WPs): WP1: A systematic review and meta-analysis, WP2: A cluster non-randomised controlled trial and WP3: Semi-structured interviews with clients in the intervention group. Only WP2 and WP3 are elaborated upon in this protocol.
The planned research project will be included as a health-research component in the Norwegian Government- and Norwegian Research Council- funded innovation project "Non-discriminating access for Digital Inclusion" (DigI). The project runs from January 2017 to September 2020. Altogether 11 partners from eight countries are collaborating on the project. Professor Josef Noll from the Dept. of Technology Systems (ITS), University of Oslo (UiO), is the project owner, and the doctoral research fellow's co- supervisor. Responsible for the health-research component and main supervisor of the doctoral research fellow, is Professor Dr. Andrea Winkler at the Institute of Health and Society, UiO. Head in TZ, is Dr. Bernard Ngowi (HIV/AIDS and TB specialist) from NIMR and Associate professor Helena Ngowi (TSCT specialist) from Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA). Associate professor Maurice Isabwe from Dept. of Information and Communication Technology at University of Agder is head of developing the digital health messages. This study is thus multicentre with several institutions responsible for research.
In Tanzania, DigI will facilitate a digital health education platform, where digital health messages related to HIV / AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB) and Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniosis (TSCT) will be transferred to the community; hereby called clients, defined by the World Health Organization (2017) as "members of the public that are potential or current users of health services, including promotion activities" .
The digital health messages will be accessible at a Wi-Fi spot in the local village close to the local health post. The digital health messages will also be shown face-to-face to each of the participants in the intervention group, by enumerators in the research team from SUA and the doctoral research fellow. The intervention will be available for all clients in the intervention villages, not only for the participants in the study described in this protocol.
The intervention will be maintained by NIMR Muhimbili Centre in Dar es Salaam during the first phase, but is going to be managed as a sustainable business model where a local sales man or woman is selling vouchers to access the World Wide Web. NIMR have close contact with the village authorities and health workers in the intervention villages, and will be alerted if the intervention for some reason is not functioning. The Wi-Fi network that provides the access to the digital health education platform, reaches within a radius of 50 meters, and is driven by a solar panel. This means that the intervention will be accessible even if the electricity locally shuts down.
Background and Rationale Today's education channels are changing, thus health education interventions must meet the target population at their own level of technology, and further do rely upon the characteristics of the technology available. A useful tool to deliver education and improve health seeking behaviour and health-related lifestyle decisions, is mobile technologies, because they make people more contactable. Health seeking behaviour may change after the target group has been exposed to adequate health messages that provide relevant information to the target population, , thus digital health information can contribute to prevention and management of diseases.
Digital health and digital health education Digital health is defined by World Health Organization (2016) as "The use of digital, mobile and wireless technologies to support the achievement of health objectives. Digital health describes the general use of information and communications technologies (ICT) for health and is inclusive of both mHealth (mobile health) and eHealth (electronic health)" . eHealth is defined by the WHO (2005) as "the cost-effective and secure use of information and communications technologies in support of health and health-related fields, including health-care services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education, knowledge and research" . mHealth is a component of eHealth, and commonly referred to as the use of mobile and wireless technologies for health. WHO (2011) defines it as: "medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other wireless devices" .
Health behaviour change may reduce the burden of preventable disease and death around the world, "as health education covers the continuum from disease prevention and promotion of optimal health to the detection of illness to treatment, rehabilitation, and long-term care" .
The use of eHealth is now understood as central in order to provide more care and better care to more people, especially those most in need. A key part of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 relates to reaching people with the information they need in order to live healthier lives, and eHealth is regarded as a tool to reach the public with health messages and support, as well as encouraging clients to take active roles in their health and wellbeing (ibid).
The use of smart devices and mobile data services are rapidly changing, and it is likely that an increasingly part of the population in for example Sub-Saharan Africa will have access to both in the future.
Conditions
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Study Design
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NON_RANDOMIZED
PARALLEL
PREVENTION
SINGLE
Study Groups
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Intervention group
The participants in this group will be exposed to digital health promotion. Please note that the participants are not randomly chosen, but stratified after the project villages. The participants in this group belong to the villages: Izazi and Migoli.
Digital health promotion intervention
Digital health promition related to HIV, Tuberculosis and TSCT in a digital format.
Control group
The participants in this group will be not be exposed to digital health promotion, but the villages will receive the intervention after one year. Please note that the participants are not randomly chosen, but stratified after the project villages.
The participants in this group belong to the villages: Kimande and Idodi.
No interventions assigned to this group
Interventions
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Digital health promotion intervention
Digital health promition related to HIV, Tuberculosis and TSCT in a digital format.
Eligibility Criteria
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Inclusion Criteria
* Must be capable and willing to sign written informed consent and thumb-print for illiterate participants
Exclusion Criteria
* Those above 71 or under 15
* Not capable of signing consent letter (very sick)
15 Years
70 Years
ALL
Yes
Sponsors
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National Institute for Medical Research, Tanzania
OTHER_GOV
Sokoine University of Agriculture
OTHER
Technical University of Munich
OTHER
University of Oslo
OTHER
Responsible Party
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Christine Holst
Doctoral Research Fellow
Principal Investigators
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Andrea S Winkler, M, PhdD
Role: STUDY_CHAIR
University of Oslo
Locations
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National Institute for Medical Research / Muhimbili University
Dar es Salaam, Dar, Tanzania
Idodi
Iringa, , Tanzania
Izazi
Iringa, , Tanzania
Kimande
Iringa, , Tanzania
Migoli
Iringa, , Tanzania
Sokoine University of Agriculture
Morogoro, , Tanzania
Countries
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References
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Holst C, Stelzle D, Diep LM, Sukums F, Ngowi B, Noll J, Winkler AS. Improving Health Knowledge Through Provision of Free Digital Health Education to Rural Communities in Iringa, Tanzania: Nonrandomized Intervention Study. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jul 28;24(7):e37666. doi: 10.2196/37666.
Holst C, Sukums F, Ngowi B, Diep LM, Kebede TA, Noll J, Winkler AS. Digital Health Intervention to Increase Health Knowledge Related to Diseases of High Public Health Concern in Iringa, Tanzania: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2021 Apr 22;10(4):e25128. doi: 10.2196/25128.
Provided Documents
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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
Related Links
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Research project site University of Oslo
Overarching project site
Other Identifiers
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DigI
Identifier Type: -
Identifier Source: org_study_id