Trial Outcomes & Findings for Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool to Followup on Discharged Trauma Patients (NCT NCT03805646)

Last Updated: 2024-11-27

Results Overview

The number of successful contacts will be divided by the total number of contacts. A "successful" contact is when an enrolled patient answered the phone, and consented to the research assistant administering the questionnaire(s) planned for that phone call.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

3990 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

2 weeks after enrollment

Results posted on

2024-11-27

Participant Flow

Enrollment occurred between August 5, 2019 and August 31, 2022. The baseline phase transitioned to intervention phase on Feb 16, 2020 at the 1st hospital with the planned step-wedge design. However, due to COVID restrictions in Cameroon to ensure participant safety, the study returned to baseline on April 27, 2020 and intervention phase restarted on Sep 7, 2020 while scrapping stepwedge design. Due to low recruitment numbers in COVID, study period was extended beyond the pre-specified 1 year.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Overall Study STARTED	1491	2499
Overall Study COMPLETED	837	1514
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	654	985

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Overall Study Death	40	49
Overall Study Not reached on phone/ Did not consent	614	936

Baseline Characteristics

Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks after enrollment

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1491 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=2499 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Proportion of Successful Contacts	837 Participants	1514 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks after enrollment

Population: There was missing data for this variable hence the discrepancy between the overall number of participants analyzed for this variable and participants in the study. Missing data were dropped from the analysis.

This is the median number of call attempts made until a research assistant is able to successfully administer the questionnaire(s) planned for that phone call.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=825 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1476 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Median Number of Attempts Required to Achieve a Successful Contact	1 Number of calls Interval 1.0 to 1.0	1 Number of calls Interval 1.0 to 1.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At the end of the study (2 weeks after the 2-year intervention phase (extended due to COVID))

This measure is median monthly costs incurred to pay the research assistant for the time s/he spends making the required phone calls per patient.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1491 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=2499 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Median Cost Associated With Personnel Time	3.75 Dollars Interval 2.21 to 4.87	3.56 Dollars Interval 3.04 to 5.18

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At the end of the study (2 weeks after the 2-year intervention phase (extended due to COVID))

This measure is the median costs incurred to make phone calls per patient in each study phase.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1491 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=2499 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Median Cost Associated With Telephone Time	2.89 Dollars Interval 2.42 to 4.43	4.92 Dollars Interval 4.24 to 5.67

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After administration of the telephone triage tool (i.e. about 2 weeks after enrollment)

Population: Telephone triage tool was the "intervention" and was only administered in the intervention phase. There was missing data for this variable hence the discrepancy between the overall number of participants analyzed for this variable and participants in the study. Missing data were dropped from the analysis.

This measure will be calculated based on how much time it takes to administer the telephone triage tool.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1510 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Telephone Triage Tool Administration Time	—	81.5 seconds Interval 48.0 to 146.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately after the physician administers the physical exam (i.e. about 3 weeks after enrollment)

Population: Physician examination occurred only in the intervention phase where participants who were administered the telephone triage tool were asked to return for a physician examination to cross-validate tool finding. The number analyzed represents the number of patients who returned for the physician examination.

This is a binary measure. After a physician examines a participant, s/he will determine whether s/he thinks the participant would benefit from further services (including additional follow-up care, and/or diagnostic or therapeutic interventions).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=560 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Physician Assessment of Whether a Patient Would Benefit From Further Services Yes	—	323 Participants
Physician Assessment of Whether a Patient Would Benefit From Further Services No	—	237 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Immediately after the physician administers the physical exam (i.e. about 3 weeks after enrollment)

After a physician examines a participant, s/he will determine whether s/he thinks the participant is at low, moderate or high risk for a poor outcome (HR) without additional intervention using subjective clinical assessment.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=560 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Physician Assessment of Whether a Patient Was at Moderate to High Risk for a Poor Outcome (HR) Without Additional Intervention Low risk	—	357 Participants
Physician Assessment of Whether a Patient Was at Moderate to High Risk for a Poor Outcome (HR) Without Additional Intervention Moderate risk	—	160 Participants
Physician Assessment of Whether a Patient Was at Moderate to High Risk for a Poor Outcome (HR) Without Additional Intervention High risk	—	43 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: At the end of intervention phase (about 1 year after enrollment).

Population: The telephone triage tool was administered only in the intervention phase. The number analyzed represents the subset of patients who returned for the physician examination.

To develop a sensitive model capable of risk stratifying triaged patients for high risk (HR), all candidate questions from the telephone triage tool found to associate with HR on univariate regression were weighted by their predictive coefficient and added to generate a triage risk score (TRS) ranging from a minimum score of 0 (lowest risk) to a maximum possible score of 43.9 (highest risk). Triage Risk Score (TRS) less than or equal to 1.3 (1st quartile) was designated as low risk, TRS 1.4 to 4.0 (2nd \& 3rd quartile) as moderate risk, and TRS greater than or equal to 4.1 (fourth quartile) as high risk.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=560 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Triage Risk Score (TRS) Low risk	—	220 Participants
Triage Risk Score (TRS) Moderate risk	—	217 Participants
Triage Risk Score (TRS) High risk	—	123 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 weeks after enrollment

Population: The acceptability tool was administered to a subset of patients.

This is a numerical measure that represents the sum of the positive responses that participants give to each question that assesses the acceptability of mobile phones as a follow-up tool. The scale for the acceptability score of mobile phones as a follow-up tool ranges from 0 to 6, where 0 means the participant's responses indicate the participant believes mobile phones are definitely not an acceptable follow-up tool and 6 means the participant's responses indicate the participant believes mobile phones are definitely an acceptable follow-up tool.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=218 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=962 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 1	1 Participants	0 Participants
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 2	0 Participants	3 Participants
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 3	3 Participants	11 Participants
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 4	10 Participants	28 Participants
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 5	30 Participants	175 Participants
Acceptability Score of Mobile Phones as a Follow-up Tool Score of 6	174 Participants	745 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After the 2week post-discharge phonecall.

This will be calculated as follows: The denominator will be the number of discharged trauma patients enrolled in the study. The numerator will be the number of discharged trauma patients enrolled in the study who seek any clinical follow-up evaluation at the 2 weeks post-discharge phonecall.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=776 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=946 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Proportion of Injured Patients Who Seek Clinical Follow-up Evaluation	409 Participants	615 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the 2week post-discharge telephone phonecall.

The GOSE disability level that participants in the study report. For each participant, GOSE disability level will be determined using the augmented GOSE (aGOSE) instrument, which assesses factors like the participant's independence inside and outside the home, work, social and leisure activities, family and friendship, etc. Each time after administration of the aGOSE instrument, the participant's GOSE disability level will be calculated. The aGOSE score is reported for the 2-week post-discharge timepoint. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) is a global scale for functional outcome that rates patient status into one of five categories (worse to best respectively): Dead, Vegetative State, Severe Disability, Moderate Disability or Good Recovery. The Extended GOS (GOSE) which was used in this study provides more detailed categorization into eight categories by subdividing the categories of severe disability, moderate disability and good recovery into a lower and upper category.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=831 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=968 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Upper good recovery	175 Participants	148 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Lower good recovery	77 Participants	163 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Upper moderate disability	42 Participants	77 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Lower moderate disability	76 Participants	52 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Upper severe disability	227 Participants	349 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Lower severe disability	179 Participants	160 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Vegetative State	15 Participants	0 Participants
Glasgow Outcomes Scale-Extended (GOSE) Disability Level Death	40 Participants	19 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the 2week post-discharge telephone phonecall.

Participants were asked if following the injury it became more difficult for the family to afford expenses such as food and rent.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=724 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=918 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did it Become More Difficult for the Family to Afford Expenses Such as Food and Rent? Yes	524 Participants	768 Participants
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did it Become More Difficult for the Family to Afford Expenses Such as Food and Rent? No	200 Participants	150 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the 2week post-discharge telephone phonecall.

Participants were asked if following the injury the family had to spend their savings.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=837 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=989 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did the Family Spend Saved Money? No	236 Participants	99 Participants
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did the Family Spend Saved Money? Yes	601 Participants	890 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: At the 2week post-discharge telephone phonecall.

Participants were asked if following the injury the family had to borrow money to meet up with expenses.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=837 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=989 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did the Family Borrow Money? Yes	370 Participants	476 Participants
Economic Consequences of Injury: Did the Family Borrow Money? No	467 Participants	513 Participants

Adverse Events

No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 40 deaths

Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 49 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Catherine Juillard

University of California Los Angeles

Phone: 310-267-9609

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place

Measure	No Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=837 Participants For each hospital site: Baseline data will be collected for six months. \\This extended beyond 6 months due to the COVID pandemic\\\*	Mobile Phone-administered Triage Tool n=1514 Participants For each hospital site: After the first six months of baseline data collection, the mobile phone-administered triage tool (or "Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool") will be implemented for a year. \\This extended beyond 1 year due to the COVID pandemic\\\* Mobile Phone-based Triage Tool: The proposed intervention is a mobile phone-administered survey. Participants that have been admitted to participating hospitals for treatment of injury will be contacted by mobile phone approximately two weeks after discharge. A seven-question survey will be administered over the phone to each participant. Cross-validation with a separately administered in-person physical exam will be performed to assess the survey tool's prediction of who needs further care for treatment of their injury.	Total n=2351 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Injury mechanism Other	46 Participants n=832 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	71 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	117 Participants n=2339 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Age, Continuous	32 years n=837 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	32 years n=1513 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	32 years n=2350 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Sex: Female, Male Female	246 Participants n=836 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	351 Participants n=1512 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	597 Participants n=2348 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Sex: Female, Male Male	590 Participants n=836 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1161 Participants n=1512 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1751 Participants n=2348 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Education No formal Education	45 Participants n=813 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	34 Participants n=1511 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	79 Participants n=2324 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Education Primary School	199 Participants n=813 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	308 Participants n=1511 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	507 Participants n=2324 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Education Secondary/High School	431 Participants n=813 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	866 Participants n=1511 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1297 Participants n=2324 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Education Tertiary-University	100 Participants n=813 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	231 Participants n=1511 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	331 Participants n=2324 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Education Other	38 Participants n=813 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	72 Participants n=1511 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	110 Participants n=2324 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Housewife or husband	66 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	80 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	146 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Salaried Worker	199 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	310 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	509 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Self-Employed	279 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	495 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	774 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Student	115 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	189 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	304 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Unemployed (able to work)	44 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	80 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	124 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Unemployed (unable to work)	6 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	7 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	13 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Retired	14 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	44 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	58 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Occupation Other	110 Participants n=833 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	305 Participants n=1510 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	415 Participants n=2343 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Study site Catholic Hospital Pouma	85 Participants n=837 Participants	122 Participants n=1514 Participants	207 Participants n=2351 Participants
Study site Laquintinie Hospital of Douala	390 Participants n=837 Participants	677 Participants n=1514 Participants	1067 Participants n=2351 Participants
Study site Edea Regional Hospital	140 Participants n=837 Participants	151 Participants n=1514 Participants	291 Participants n=2351 Participants
Study site Limbe Regional Hospital	222 Participants n=837 Participants	564 Participants n=1514 Participants	786 Participants n=2351 Participants
Injury location Farm	24 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	43 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	67 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury location Home	90 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	151 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	241 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury location Road/Highway	647 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1203 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1850 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury location Trade/Service Area	17 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	20 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	37 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury location Industrial Construction	18 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	35 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	53 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury location Other	34 Participants n=830 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	55 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	89 Participants n=2337 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury mechanism Road Traffic Injury	601 Participants n=832 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1124 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	1725 Participants n=2339 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury mechanism Stab/cut	63 Participants n=832 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	91 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	154 Participants n=2339 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury mechanism Struck/hit by person	49 Participants n=832 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	81 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	130 Participants n=2339 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.
Injury mechanism Fall	73 Participants n=832 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	140 Participants n=1507 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.	213 Participants n=2339 Participants • Missing data: Information not provided, missing data not included in the analysis.