Trial Outcomes & Findings for Oscillatory Contributions to Working Memory and Attention (NCT NCT03787134)
NCT ID: NCT03787134
Last Updated: 2024-10-09
Results Overview
Mean percentage of correct recognition responses - indicates the percentage of trials, on average, participants correctly identified a test stimulus as a match or non-match to an item in working memory. The primary task completed by this group was a dual-serial recognition (DSR) task which involved two responses on each trial. The secondary (control) task was a single recognition (SR) task which involved one response on each trial. The two tasks were interleaved, so all participants completed them in succession throughout the measured time frame.
COMPLETED
NA
184 participants
3 hours
2024-10-09
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses; EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods. n = 12
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
12
|
30
|
19
|
28
|
25
|
56
|
14
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 1 - Behavioral Accuracy
|
12
|
30
|
19
|
0
|
25
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 2 - Reaction Time
|
12
|
30
|
19
|
0
|
25
|
56
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 3 - Multivariate Pattern Classification of EEG
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 4 - Component Loadings
|
12
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 9 - Alpha Band Power
|
0
|
0
|
19
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 12 - Behavioral Accuracy (Mean Recall Error)
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
14
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 17 - Amplitude of CDA
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
28
|
0
|
56
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
Outcome 18 - IEM
|
0
|
30
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
12
|
30
|
19
|
28
|
25
|
56
|
14
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=12 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses; EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods. n = 12
|
Sub-study 2
n=30 Participants
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
n=19 Participants
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
n=28 Participants
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
n=25 Participants
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
n=56 Participants
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
n=14 Participants
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
Total
n=184 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
12 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
56 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
184 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
5 Participants
n=12 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
19 Participants
n=30 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
11 Participants
n=19 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
19 Participants
n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
12 Participants
n=25 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
32 Participants
n=43 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
11 Participants
n=14 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
109 Participants
n=170 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
7 Participants
n=12 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
11 Participants
n=30 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
8 Participants
n=19 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
8 Participants
n=27 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
13 Participants
n=25 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
11 Participants
n=43 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
3 Participants
n=14 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
61 Participants
n=170 Participants • Baseline characteristic of 'female' and 'male' is based on voluntary participant reports. In some instances, participants have opted not to disclose this information and as a result, the number analyzed in a particular sub-study will be different from the overall total enrolled.
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
12 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
172 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
2 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
53 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
115 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
10 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=30 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=19 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=28 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=25 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=56 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=14 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=184 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
12 participants
n=12 Participants
|
30 participants
n=30 Participants
|
19 participants
n=19 Participants
|
28 participants
n=28 Participants
|
25 participants
n=25 Participants
|
56 participants
n=56 Participants
|
14 participants
n=14 Participants
|
184 participants
n=184 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods. Sub-study 1 participants only.
Mean percentage of correct recognition responses - indicates the percentage of trials, on average, participants correctly identified a test stimulus as a match or non-match to an item in working memory. The primary task completed by this group was a dual-serial recognition (DSR) task which involved two responses on each trial. The secondary (control) task was a single recognition (SR) task which involved one response on each trial. The two tasks were interleaved, so all participants completed them in succession throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=12 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 1
DSR task
|
86.3 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 9.2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 1
SR task
|
87.1 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 10.3
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 2 participants only
Mean percentage of correct recognition responses - indicates the percentage of trials, on average, participants correctly identified a test stimulus as a match or non-match to an item in working memory. The primary task completed by this group of participants was a two-back recognition task, in which participants indicated whether the current stimulus was a match or non-match to the stimulus shown two items ago (completed during the first half of the measured time frame); the second task was a delayed recognition task in which participants indicated whether the current stimulus was a match or non-match to a stimulus shown 1750 ms prior (completed during the second half of the measured time frame).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=30 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 2
2-back task
|
85.7 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 2
delayed recognition task
|
78.5 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 7.0
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 3 participants only
Mean percentage of correct recognition responses - indicates the percentage of trials, on average, participants correctly identified a test stimulus as a match or non-match to an item in working memory. The primary task results were based on validly cued trials in which the cue indicated the to-be-tested location, whereas the second task results were based on the invalidly cued trials in which the cue indicated a location that was not the to-be-tested location. These task conditions were intermixed throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=19 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 3
Valid cueing
|
72 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 10
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 3
Invalid cueing
|
67 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 9
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 5 participants only
Mean percentage of correct recognition responses - indicates the percentage of trials, on average, participants correctly identified a test stimulus as a match or non-match to an item in working memory. The primary task results were based on the accuracy of discrimination on 'congruent' trials in which the working memory item and the perceptual discrimination stimulus were identical in orientation; the secondary task results were based on the accuracy of discrimination on 'incongruent' trials. The two task types were intermixed throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=25 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 5
Congruent trials
|
86.5 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 2.1
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 5
Incongruent trials
|
86 percentage of correct responses
Standard Deviation 2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 7 participants only
Mean error (in degrees). On each trial, participants must memorize three object orientations (e.g. 10, 40, and 75 degrees) that are shown at different locations in succession on a computer screen. Several seconds later, the participant is given a cue/indicator about which of the orientations they will need to recall (i.e., reproduce) during the trial's test phase. After another brief delay, a line is shown on the screen and the participant must rotate it with the mouse to match the orientation in memory. This occurred in two task conditions: the 'overlap' condition in which two memory items were shown at the same location on the screen; and the 'non-overlap' condition, in which all items were presented at different locations on the screen. The 'overlap' task was carried out in the first half of the measured time frame; the 'non-overlap' task was carried out in the second half. Large errors (big differences between the reported and displayed orientation) indicate worse memory accuracy.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=14 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 7
Overlap task
|
11.96 degrees (of orientation)
Standard Deviation 3.12
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Behavioral Accuracy: Sub-study 7
Non-overlap task
|
13.12 degrees (of orientation)
Standard Deviation 3.2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods. Sub-study 1 participants only
The time, measured in milliseconds, that it took a subject to lock in their response via keyboard button press on each trial. The primary task completed by this group was a dual-serial recognition (DSR) task which involved two responses on each trial. The secondary (control) task was a single recognition (SR) task which involved one response on each trial. The two tasks were interleaved, so all participants completed them in succession throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=12 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 1
DSR task
|
811 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 130
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 1
SR task
|
823 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 123
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 2 participants only
The average time, measured in milliseconds, that it took a subject to lock in their response via mouse button click on each trial. The primary task completed by this group of participants was a two-back recognition task, in which participants indicated whether the current stimulus was a match or non-match to the stimulus shown two items ago (completed during the first half of the measured time frame); the second task was a delayed recognition task in which participants indicated whether the current stimulus was a match or non-match to a stimulus shown 1750 ms prior (completed during the second half of the measured time frame).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=30 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 2
2-back task
|
850 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 210
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 2
delayed recognition task
|
660 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 120
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 3 participants only
The average time, measured in milliseconds, that it took a subject to lock in their response via keyboard button press on each trial. The primary task results were based on validly cued trials in which the cue indicated the to-be-tested location, whereas the second task results were based on the invalidly cued trials in which the cue indicated a location that was not the to-be-tested location. These task conditions were intermixed throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=19 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 3
Valid cueing
|
1004 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 309
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 3
Invalid cueing
|
1070 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 296
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 5 participants only
The average time, measured in milliseconds, that it took a subject to lock in their response via keyboard button press on each trial. The primary task results were based on the accuracy of discrimination on 'congruent' trials in which the working memory item and the perceptual discrimination stimulus were identical in orientation; the secondary task results were based on the accuracy of discrimination on 'incongruent' trials. The two task types were intermixed throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=25 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 5
Congruent trials
|
970 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 110
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 5
Incongruent trials
|
990 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 140
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 6 participants only
The average time, measured in milliseconds, that it took a subject to lock in their response via keyboard button press on each trial. The primary task was a 'set size 2' task in which participants had to maintain two items in working memory; the secondary task was a 'set size 1' task in which participants maintained one item in working memory. These tasks were intermixed throughout the measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=56 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 6
Memory set size 2
|
750 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 85
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Reaction Time: Sub-study 6
Memory set size 1
|
675 milliseconds
Standard Deviation 80
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods. Sub-study 1 participants only.
Multivariate pattern classification is a machine learning method that assesses the neural representation of stimulus information in electroencephalographic (EEG) signal (i.e., to "decode" the signal). The outcome measure is decoding performance. When a decoder performs well (here, greater than 0.5), the EEG signal contains information consistent with the representation of the stimulus at that point in the trial; when it performs poorly (here, less than or equal to 0.5), there is no evidence for stimulus representation at that time. Reported here is average classifier accuracy (expressed as area under the curve) in decoding a memory item's representation during the memory period for the different task conditions: when the item was cued or uncued and when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was delivered or not. The data used come from the full measured time frame.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=12 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Multivariate Pattern Classification of EEG Data: Sub-study 1
Item cued + TMS delivered
|
.55 probability of distinguishing stimuli
Standard Error .05
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Multivariate Pattern Classification of EEG Data: Sub-study 1
Item uncued + TMS delivered
|
.54 probability of distinguishing stimuli
Standard Error .05
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Multivariate Pattern Classification of EEG Data: Sub-study 1
Item cued + TMS not delivered
|
.52 probability of distinguishing stimuli
Standard Error .1
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Multivariate Pattern Classification of EEG Data: Sub-study 1
Item uncued + TMS not delivered
|
.49 probability of distinguishing stimuli
Standard Error .1
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 2 participants only
Each EEG electrode's signal was construed as a weighted sum of responses from six channels tuned to specific stimulus orientations in the study. Data from the delayed recognition task were regressed onto this basis set to obtain a weight matrix characterizing the contribution of each channel to each electrode's response. The weight matrix was then inverted to derive the reconstructed representation of stimulus orientation during the delay period of the primary 2-back task data. Reported is the group-level slope (in arbitrary units) of the reconstruction of the cued and uncued memory items during the delay period, serving as a memory strength index/score ranging from -1:+1. Larger slope magnitudes indicate stronger memory representations. Negative values imply that the memory representation was a modified ('flipped') version of the representation held when the stimulus was first presented; positive values indicate direct resemblance to when the stimulus was first presented.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=30 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Multivariate Inverted Encoding Modeling (IEM) Reconstruction: Sub-study 2
cued memory item reconstruction
|
-0.0108 arbitrary units
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Multivariate Inverted Encoding Modeling (IEM) Reconstruction: Sub-study 2
uncued memory item reconstruction
|
0.0033 arbitrary units
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded and single-pulse TMS applied intermittently during delay periods; sub-study 1 participants only
The spatially distributed phase coupling extraction (SPACE) decomposition method was used to identify discrete neural rhythms ('components') giving rise to the EEG signal. The strength of identified components at each time point (epoch) in the trial provides a measure of activity, ranging from 0 (absent/inactive) to a positive value (present/active). Strengths were used to address the question of whether single pulse TMS evokes new neural rhythms that weren't active before the pulse or modulates existing rhythms. If new rhythms are evoked, a greater percentage of trials with negligible (\~0) strengths prior to TMS that increase after TMS compared to trials without TMS should be observed. Reported are the percentage of trials with this pattern for the posterior beta, posterior alpha, and posterior theta identified components for trials with and without TMS and TMS. Data from the full session were used.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=2160 trial epochs
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS delivered posterior beta
|
4.57 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS not delivered posterior beta
|
4.5 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS delivered posterior alpha
|
40.12 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS not delivered posterior alpha
|
40.45 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS delivered posterior theta
|
46.33 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Effects on EEG Data Component Strengths: Sub-study 1
TMS not delivered posterior theta
|
45.5 percentage of epochs
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; Sub-study 3 participants only
Neural activity is comprised of rhythmic activity and aperiodic activity. Alpha rhythmic activity plays important roles in supporting working memory performance and varies according to task demands. EEG data were decomposed into alpha periodic and aperiodic components in order to isolate the alpha frequency band power (8-14 Hz). Participants' task was to make judgments about memorized items shown above, below, left, and right of a central viewing point on the screen. To assess the effects of spatial memory cueing on decomposed alpha, electrodes that showed alpha modulation selective to the four memory locations were first identified. Then, the alpha power in those electrodes was compared as a function of whether the location was attended, unattended, or irrelevant on a particular trial. This was done for two epochs: during the memory delay (350 - 850 ms after sample) and target presentation (850 - 1350 ms after sample). Data from the full session was used for this analysis.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=19 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
attended location - memory delay
|
6.16 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .24
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
unattended location - memory delay
|
6.19 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .24
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
irrelevant location - memory delay
|
6.2 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .24
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
attended location - target presentation
|
5.83 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .19
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
unattended location - target presentation
|
6.05 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Alpha Band Power as a Function of Location Relevance in Working Memory: Sub-study 3
irrelevant location - target presentation
|
6.02 microvolts squared / Hz
Standard Deviation .2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: with EEG recorded; Sub-study 4 participants only
The CDA is an event-related potential (ERP) derived from posterior electrodes that tracks the amount of information held in working memory, and may also be sensitive to context-binding demands. It becomes more negative with increasing memory load. The CDA was computed from the EEG by averaging the voltage across trials to generate signals that were contralateral or ipsilateral to the memory cue. The "difference wave" was computed by subtracting the ipsilateral signals from contralateral signals. The amplitude of the CDA is reported for two conditions: the large set size tracked participants' CDA when the memory set was homogenous - comprised of multiple items from the same stimulus category thus all were cued; the small set size analyses tracked participants' performance when the memory set was heterogenous - comprised of items from multiple stimulus categories, with only one category being cued for the target response. Data from the full session was used in this analysis.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=28 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The Amplitude of Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA): Sub-study 4
Small set size
|
.25 microvolts
Standard Error .12
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
The Amplitude of Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA): Sub-study 4
Large set size
|
.2 microvolts
Standard Error .1
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: EEG recorded; sub-study 6 participants only
The CDA is an event-related potential (ERP) derived from posterior electrodes that tracks the amount of information held in working memory, and may also be sensitive to context-binding demands. It becomes more negative with increasing memory load. The CDA was computed from the EEG by averaging the voltage across trials to generate signals that were contralateral or ipsilateral to the memory cue. The "difference wave" was computed by subtracting the ipsilateral signals from contralateral signals. The amplitude of the CDA is reported for two conditions: The large set size tracked participants' CDA when the memory set was comprised of two target features; the small set size analyses tracked participants' performance when the memory set was comprised of one target feature. Data from the full session was used in this analysis.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Sub-study 1
n=56 Participants
Working memory task with categorical stimuli of faces, words, and dot motion, involving delayed recognition responses
|
Sub-study 2
2-back working memory task with EEG recorded involving 'match'/'non-match' responses; n = 30
|
Sub-study 3
Posner-style visual cueing task involving orientation judgments; n = 19
|
Sub-study 4
Visual working memory task with three categories of stimuli: orientations, luminances, colors, and involving 'match'/'non-match' responses with EEG recorded; n = 28
|
Sub-study 5
Dual task with delayed recall of orientation (working memory) and visual discrimination of orientation during the delay period (perception) with EEG recorded; n = 25
|
Sub-study 6
Visual working memory task with delayed recognition responses ('match'/'non-match') of object color or orientation with EEG recorded; n = 56
|
Sub-study 7
Delayed-recall of orientation working memory task with EEG recorded; n = 14
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The Amplitude of the "Contralateral Delay Activity" (CDA): Sub-study 6
Small set size
|
.6 microvolts
Standard Error .05
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
The Amplitude of the "Contralateral Delay Activity" (CDA): Sub-study 6
Large set size
|
.75 microvolts
Standard Error .1
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 5 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Multivariate inverted encoding modeling will be used to reconstruct the representation of stimulus locations from the electroencephalography data, and the strength of the representation will be compared across three stimulus conditions. Note that this method entails analysis of the broadband electroencephalographic signal (bandpass filtered from 1-100Hz) in each of two formats: time domain, and spectrally transformed. The spectrally transformed analysis does not entail the separate analysis of discrete functionally defined frequency bands (e.g., alpha, beta, etc.). Rather, spectral power values at every integer frequency from 2 to 20 Hz and at every other integer frequency from 22 to 50 Hz, yielding 34 frequencies per channel, are used as features in the analysis.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 5 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Spatially distributed phase coupling extraction-identified components of the transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked electroencephalography signal will indicate whether the unattended memory item reactivation effect is carried by a de novo component in the electroencephalographic signal, or by a change in the power of one or more components that were present in the signal prior to the delivery of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Note that this method entails analysis of a spectral transformation of the broadband electroencephalographic signal that does not entail the separate analysis of discrete functionally defined frequency bands (e.g., alpha, beta, etc.) Rather, spectral power values at every integer frequency from 2 to 20 Hz and every other integer from frequency from 22 to 30 Hz - yielding 24 frequencies per channel - are entered into the analysis. No a priori assumptions are made about the frequency composition of components that the method will identify.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 5 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Correlation of the amplitude of multivariate inverted encoding model-reconstructions of the location of the unattended memory item, derived from the transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked response, with alpha band power when targeting occipital cortex.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 5 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Correlation of the amplitude of multivariate inverted encoding model-reconstructions of the location of the unattended memory item, derived from the transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked response, with beta-band power when targeting the intraparietal sulcus.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Frequency in the alpha band of the EEG as a function of retinotopic location
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: No data were collected for this outcome measure.
Spatially distributed phase coupling extraction-identified components of the electroencephalography signal from signals corresponding to the attended location to assess whether expectation-related shifts in alpha-band frequency are produced by a change in the frequency of one oscillator or by a change in the relative power of multiple oscillators.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: Data were not collected for this outcome measure.
Reaction time assess as latency to press response button after onset of critical stimulus.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: data were not collected for this outcome measure.
Power in the alpha band of the EEG as a function of retinotopic location
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: data were not collected for this outcome measure.
Frequency in the alpha band of the EEG as a function of retinotopic location
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: data were not collected for this outcome measure
Spatially distributed phase coupling extraction-identified components of the electroencephalography signal from signals corresponding to the attended location to assess whether expectation-related shifts in alpha-band frequency are produced by a change in the frequency of one oscillator or by a change in the relative power of multiple oscillators.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 4 hoursPopulation: data were not collected for this outcome measure
Multivariate inverted encoding modeling of the EEG signal to determine whether or not contextual information is carried in this signal. Note that this method entails analysis of the broadband electroencephalographic signal (bandpass filtered from 1-100Hz) in each of two formats: time domain, and spectrally transformed. The spectrally transformed analysis does not entail the separate analysis of discrete functionally defined frequency bands (e.g., alpha, beta, etc.). Rather, spectral power values at every integer frequency from 2 to 20 Hz and at every other integer frequency from 22 to 50 Hz - yielding 34 frequencies per channel -- are used as features in the analysis.
Outcome measures
Outcome data not reported
Adverse Events
Sub-study 1
Sub-study 2
Sub-study 3
Sub-study 4
Sub-study 5
Sub-study 6
Sub-study 7
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place