Trial Outcomes & Findings for Stress, Sex, and the Generalization of Fear (NCT NCT03786952)
NCT ID: NCT03786952
Last Updated: 2023-03-23
Results Overview
Peak eyeblink startle responses 20-200 ms following presentation of a startle probe were measured. Startle responses were assessed for each of 3 trial types: (1) following the startle probe alone \[noise alone (NA) trials\], (2) following the CS+ and startle probe (CS+ trials), and (3) following the CS- and startle probe (CS- trials). Participants were exposed to 16 blocks of trials, and each block included 1 presentation of each trial type. During the last 12 blocks, CS+ trials also included the presentation of an aversive US. For each block, startle responses to NA trials were subtracted from startle responses to CS+ trials and from startle responses to CS- trials to create 2 separate fear-potentiated startle response measures: 1 for the CS+ and 1 for the CS-. Average fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ and CS- during the last 4 blocks of trials were used as an indicator of fear learning (greater responses to the CS+, relative to the CS-, indicated greater learning).
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
606 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Average of the responses from trial block 13, trial block 14, trial block 15, and trial block 16 on Day 1
Results posted on
2023-03-23
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males
Stress immediately before learning in males
Stress immediately before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Immediately following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Delayed, Males
Stress 30 minutes before learning in males
Stress 30 minutes before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Thirty minutes following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males
Sham control immediately before learning in males
Sham control immediately before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Immediately following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in males
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Thirty minutes following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Immediate, Females
Stress immediately before learning in females
Stress immediately before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Immediately following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Delayed, Females
Stress 30 minutes before learning in females
Stress 30 minutes before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Thirty minutes following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females
Sham control immediately before learning in females
Sham control immediately before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Immediately following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in females
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Thirty minutes following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
56
|
59
|
58
|
57
|
97
|
87
|
94
|
98
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
56
|
59
|
58
|
57
|
97
|
87
|
94
|
98
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Stress, Sex, and the Generalization of Fear
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males
n=56 Participants
Stress immediately before learning in males
Stress immediately before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Immediately following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Delayed, Males
n=59 Participants
Stress 30 minutes before learning in males
Stress 30 minutes before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Thirty minutes following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males
n=58 Participants
Sham control immediately before learning in males
Sham control immediately before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Immediately following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males
n=57 Participants
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in males
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in males: Male participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Thirty minutes following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Immediate, Females
n=97 Participants
Stress immediately before learning in females
Stress immediately before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Immediately following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Stress, Delayed, Females
n=87 Participants
Stress 30 minutes before learning in females
Stress 30 minutes before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the socially evaluated cold pressor test 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of ice cold water for up to 3 minutes. The participants will also be informed that they are being videotaped for analysis of facial expressions and be asked to stare at a camera throughout the manipulation. Thirty minutes following the acute stressor, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females
n=94 Participants
Sham control immediately before learning in females
Sham control immediately before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) immediately prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Immediately following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females
n=98 Participants
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in females
Sham control 30 minutes before learning in females: Female participants will be exposed to the sham control condition (no stress) 30 minutes prior to fear learning. Participants will place their dominant hand in a bath of lukewarm water for up to 3 minutes. Thirty minutes following the sham control condition, participants will undergo the acquisition phase of fear conditioning.
|
Total
n=606 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
19.38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.65 • n=5 Participants
|
19.95 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.79 • n=7 Participants
|
19.19 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.26 • n=5 Participants
|
19.61 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.32 • n=4 Participants
|
18.77 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.98 • n=21 Participants
|
19.39 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.06 • n=8 Participants
|
18.84 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.86 • n=8 Participants
|
18.97 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.16 • n=24 Participants
|
19.19 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.68 • n=42 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
97 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
87 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
94 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
98 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
376 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
59 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
58 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
230 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
55 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
56 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
93 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
87 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
88 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
94 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
586 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
50 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
48 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
87 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
79 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
90 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
90 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
546 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
56 participants
n=5 Participants
|
59 participants
n=7 Participants
|
58 participants
n=5 Participants
|
57 participants
n=4 Participants
|
97 participants
n=21 Participants
|
87 participants
n=8 Participants
|
94 participants
n=8 Participants
|
98 participants
n=24 Participants
|
606 participants
n=42 Participants
|
|
Height
|
70 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.83645 • n=5 Participants
|
70.3051 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.07523 • n=7 Participants
|
71.1724 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.34811 • n=5 Participants
|
70.5088 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.26301 • n=4 Participants
|
64.7526 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.06197 • n=21 Participants
|
65.1552 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.92375 • n=8 Participants
|
65.734 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.05567 • n=8 Participants
|
65.0332 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.00121 • n=24 Participants
|
67.1894 inches
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.94860 • n=42 Participants
|
|
Weight
|
175.6429 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 39.54810 • n=5 Participants
|
175.7458 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 32.51980 • n=7 Participants
|
182.5862 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 37.76522 • n=5 Participants
|
192.8772 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 44.19400 • n=4 Participants
|
146.1237 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 34.88889 • n=21 Participants
|
149.2989 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 32.93020 • n=8 Participants
|
154.7553 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 36.01424 • n=8 Participants
|
153.4286 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 41.21405 • n=24 Participants
|
162.5990 pounds
STANDARD_DEVIATION 40.33790 • n=42 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of the responses from trial block 13, trial block 14, trial block 15, and trial block 16 on Day 1Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some fear-potentiated startle responses were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., poor electrode conductance).
Peak eyeblink startle responses 20-200 ms following presentation of a startle probe were measured. Startle responses were assessed for each of 3 trial types: (1) following the startle probe alone \[noise alone (NA) trials\], (2) following the CS+ and startle probe (CS+ trials), and (3) following the CS- and startle probe (CS- trials). Participants were exposed to 16 blocks of trials, and each block included 1 presentation of each trial type. During the last 12 blocks, CS+ trials also included the presentation of an aversive US. For each block, startle responses to NA trials were subtracted from startle responses to CS+ trials and from startle responses to CS- trials to create 2 separate fear-potentiated startle response measures: 1 for the CS+ and 1 for the CS-. Average fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ and CS- during the last 4 blocks of trials were used as an indicator of fear learning (greater responses to the CS+, relative to the CS-, indicated greater learning).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=71 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=71 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fear-potentiated Startle Responses to the CS+ and CS- During Acquisition
|
52.059 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.46
|
19.162 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.955
|
44.388 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.46
|
9.732 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.955
|
42.123 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.972
|
20.215 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.385
|
47.904 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.581
|
26.64 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.056
|
64.313 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.051
|
14.437 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.929
|
75.269 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.365
|
33.479 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.193
|
61.243 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.101
|
26.584 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.971
|
62.828 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.051
|
21.856 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.929
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of responses from all trials on Day 2Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some fear-potentiated startle responses were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., poor electrode conductance).
Peak eyeblink startle responses 20-200 ms following the presentation of a startle probe were measured. Startle responses were assessed for each of 10 trial types: (1) following the startle probe alone \[noise alone (NA) trials\], (2) following the CS+ and startle probe (CS+ trials), (3) following each of 7 generalization stimuli and startle probe (GS trials), and (4) following the CS- and startle probe (CS- trials). Participants were exposed to 3 blocks of trials, and each block included 1 presentation of each trial type. For each block, startle responses to the NA trials were subtracted from startle responses to the CS+, GSs, and CS- trials to create separate fear-potentiated startle response measures for each of the 9 different stimuli. Average fear-potentiated startle responses to each stimulus across all 3 blocks were used as an indicator of fear expression. Greater scores for the generalization stimuli (GS) indicated a greater generalization of fear.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
EMG Responses to CS+, CS-, and Generalization Stimuli During Generalization Testing
|
52.059 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.552
|
42.389 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.467
|
24.461 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.215
|
36.099 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.563
|
25.637 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.085
|
13.225 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.130
|
36.013 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.759
|
16.838 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.797
|
19.063 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.897
|
51.595 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.552
|
47.292 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.467
|
23.265 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.215
|
26.790 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.563
|
17.900 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.085
|
17.642 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.130
|
18.197 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.759
|
17.472 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.797
|
18.542 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.897
|
59.295 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 10.317
|
36.931 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.146
|
29.738 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.874
|
32.878 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.169
|
31.296 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.652
|
28.073 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.701
|
32.893 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.380
|
21.807 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.422
|
25.547 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.529
|
68.576 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 9.668
|
52.235 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.57
|
36.234 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 8.315
|
33.031 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.655
|
37.434 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.171
|
22.264 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.216
|
29.489 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.853
|
27.508 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.892
|
35.165 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.993
|
59.043 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.245
|
49.511 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.422
|
37.996 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.231
|
38.498 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.737
|
32.051 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.374
|
26.428 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.408
|
48.603 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.885
|
32.181 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.914
|
19.585 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.99
|
57.618 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.563
|
51.025 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.704
|
31.866 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.505
|
36.741 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.988
|
26.989 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.609
|
23.399 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.645
|
42.591 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.143
|
25.380 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.173
|
28.132 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.252
|
51.693 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.148
|
49.296 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.336
|
29.101 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.148
|
36.858 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.660
|
28.705 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.302
|
24.520 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.335
|
37.415 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.806
|
28.944 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.835
|
24.180 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.909
|
65.451 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 7.101
|
61.473 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.294
|
40.557 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 6.107
|
42.141 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.622
|
30.156 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.267
|
34.117 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.300
|
43.093 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.768
|
34.696 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.796
|
42.714 Fear-potentiated startle (microvolts)
Standard Error 5.870
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of the responses from trial block 13, trial block 14, trial block 15, and trial block 16 on Day 1Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some skin conductance responses were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., poor electrode conductance).
Electrodermal activity was measured following presentation of the CS+ and CS- during acquisition on Day 1. Participants were exposed to 16 blocks of trials, with each block including a single presentation of each stimulus. During the last 12 blocks, CS+ trials included the presentation of an aversive US. For each block, skin conductance responses were quantified by calculating the average increase in electrodermal activity (from a 1 s pre-stimulus baseline) 3-6 s after CS+ or CS- onset. Average skin conductance responses to the CS+ and CS- during the last 4 blocks of trials were used as an indicator of fear learning (greater responses to the CS+, relative to the CS-, indicated greater learning).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=59 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=59 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Skin Conductance Responses to CS+ and CS- During Acquisition
|
.107 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .042
|
.070 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.138 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .041
|
.090 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .038
|
.112 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .043
|
.102 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .040
|
.163 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .042
|
.105 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.153 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .031
|
.084 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.135 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .034
|
.078 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .032
|
.206 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .031
|
.072 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .028
|
.244 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .030
|
.096 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .028
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of responses from all trials on Day 2Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some skin conductance responses were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., poor electrode conductance).
Electrodermal activity was measured following presentation of the CS+, 7 generalization stimuli (GSs), and CS- during generalization testing on Day 2. Participants were exposed to 3 blocks of trials, with each block including a single presentation of each stimulus. For each block, skin conductance responses were quantified by calculating the average increase in electrodermal activity (from a 1 s pre-stimulus baseline) 3-6 s after onset of the CS+, 7 GSs, or CS- onset.. Average skin conductance responses to each stimulus across all 3 blocks were used as an indicator of fear expression. Greater scores for the generalization stimuli (GS) indicated a greater generalization of fear.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=31 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=57 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Skin Conductance Responses to CS+, Generalization Stimuli, and CS- During Generalization Testing
|
.193 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .049
|
.156 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .047
|
.103 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.114 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .043
|
.072 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.046 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .040
|
.241 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .053
|
.246 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .049
|
.094 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.270 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .047
|
.262 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .045
|
.140 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.177 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .041
|
.095 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.118 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .038
|
.254 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .050
|
.101 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .047
|
.116 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.127 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .054
|
.154 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .051
|
.081 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .043
|
.158 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .047
|
.041 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .042
|
.053 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .044
|
.260 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .058
|
.103 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .054
|
.138 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .042
|
.196 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .048
|
.212 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .045
|
.107 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .038
|
.129 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .041
|
.067 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.035 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.218 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .051
|
.193 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .047
|
.075 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.225 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .036
|
.184 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .035
|
.119 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.168 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .032
|
.123 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.132 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .03
|
.232 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.196 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .036
|
.093 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .028
|
.213 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .040
|
.201 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .038
|
.098 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .032
|
.147 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .035
|
.085 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .031
|
.122 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .033
|
.252 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .043
|
.127 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .040
|
.074 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .031
|
.226 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.199 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .035
|
.094 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.150 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .032
|
.100 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.097 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .030
|
.259 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .039
|
.137 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.109 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .029
|
.243 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .035
|
.261 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .033
|
.100 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .028
|
.195 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .030
|
.113 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .027
|
.138 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .028
|
.326 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .037
|
.198 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .035
|
.158 Skin conductance response (μSiemens)
Standard Error .027
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of the ratings from trial block 13, trial block 14, trial block 15, and trial block 16 on Day 1Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some US expectancy ratings were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., response pad malfunction) or participant error.
Participants were exposed to 16 blocks of trials, and each block included 1 presentation of the CS+ and one presentation of the CS-. During the last 12 blocks, CS+ trials included the presentation of an aversive US. During each trial, participants pressed, within 3 seconds of stimulus onset, a button marked "+" if they expected the stimulus to be followed by the US, a button marked "-" if they did not expect the stimulus to be followed by the US, or a button marked "0" if they were uncertain. For the purpose of data analysis, + was scored as +1, - were scored as -1, and 0 was scored as 0. Average expectancy ratings during the last 4 blocks of trials were used as an indicator of fear learning (greater responses to the CS+, relative to the CS-, indicated greater learning).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=74 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=74 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=72 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=74 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=74 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
US Expectancy Ratings to CS+ and CS- During Acquisition
|
.737 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .064
|
-.865 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .068
|
.964 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .062
|
-.954 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .066
|
.797 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .066
|
-.775 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .070
|
.860 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .061
|
-.907 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .065
|
.807 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .047
|
-.782 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
.867 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
-.845 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .053
|
.889 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .047
|
-.840 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
.881 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .047
|
-.898 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Average of ratings from all trials on Day 2Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some US expectancy ratings were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., response pad malfunction) or participant error.
Participants were exposed to 3 blocks of trials, and each block included 1 presentation of the CS+, one presentation of each of 7 generalization stimuli (GSs), and one presentation of the CS-. Participants were instructed to press, within 3 seconds of stimulus onset, a button marked "+" if they expected the stimulus to be followed by the US, a button marked "-" if they did not expect the stimulus to be followed by the US, or a button marked "0" if they were uncertain. For the purpose of data analysis, + was scored as +1, - was scored as -1, and 0 was scored as 0. Average expectancy ratings for each stimulus across all 3 blocks were used as an indicator of fear. Greater scores for the generalization stimuli (GS) indicated a greater generalization of fear.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=36 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
US Expectancy Ratings to CS+, CS-, and Generalization Stimuli During Generalization Testing
|
.217 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .119
|
.140 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .094
|
-.357 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .111
|
-.527 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .095
|
-.822 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.810 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.907 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
-.984 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .045
|
-.961 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .045
|
-.089 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .116
|
-.067 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .092
|
-.533 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .109
|
-.519 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .093
|
-.807 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .068
|
-.874 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .067
|
-.889 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .049
|
-.911 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .044
|
-.948 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .044
|
.315 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .13
|
.204 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .103
|
-.130 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .121
|
-.296 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .104
|
-.593 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .076
|
-.676 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .075
|
-.833 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .055
|
-.907 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .049
|
-.870 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .049
|
.225 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .119
|
.016 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .094
|
-.411 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .111
|
-.496 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .095
|
-.740 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.814 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.837 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
-.899 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .045
|
-.907 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .045
|
.135 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .087
|
.093 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.447 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .082
|
-.489 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .070
|
-.768 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .051
|
-.768 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .051
|
-.808 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .037
|
-.865 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .033
|
-.882 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .033
|
-.010 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .096
|
.035 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .076
|
-.384 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .090
|
-.455 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .077
|
-.707 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .056
|
-.753 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .056
|
-.818 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .040
|
-.904 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .036
|
-.889 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .036
|
.116 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .090
|
.120 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .071
|
-.404 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .084
|
-.467 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .072
|
-.769 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .053
|
-.787 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .052
|
-.867 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .038
|
-.911 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .034
|
-.889 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .034
|
.171 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .087
|
.142 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .069
|
-.383 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .081
|
-.475 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .070
|
-.737 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .051
|
-.737 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .050
|
-.871 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .037
|
-.942 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .033
|
-.954 score on scale from -1 to +1
Standard Error .033
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Day 1 (change from baseline to 25 min post-stress)Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some salivary cortisol levels were unable to be obtained due to a lack of adequate saliva.
Saliva samples were collected from participants prior to undergoing the stress or sham control condition (baseline) and then 25 min later. The change in salivary cortisol levels was analyzed. Greater levels indicated greater cortisol responses to stress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=41 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=35 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=75 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=60 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=78 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Baseline Salivary Cortisol (Nmol/l)
|
1.413 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .308
|
1.014 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .315
|
-.039 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .333
|
.236 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .320
|
.728 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .227
|
.710 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .254
|
.558 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .231
|
-.091 Change in cortisol (nmol/l)
Standard Error .223
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Day 1 (change from baseline to immediately after stress)Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some salivary cortisol levels were unable to be obtained due to a lack of adequate saliva.
Saliva samples were collected from participants prior to undergoing the stress or sham control condition (baseline) and then immediately after the manipulation. The change in salivary alpha-amylase levels was analyzed. Greater levels indicated greater alpha-amylase responses to stress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=39 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=40 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=35 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=55 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=70 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Baseline Salivary Alpha-amylase (U/ml)
|
4.210 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 7.132
|
-12.943 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 7.042
|
7.656 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 7.528
|
-3.411 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 6.792
|
17.561 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 5.40
|
2.608 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 6.005
|
5.090 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 5.323
|
-3.601 Change in alpha-amylase (U/ml)
Standard Error 5.213
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Stress or sham control condition on Day 1Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not report subjective pain ratings.
During the stress or sham control manipulation, participants rated the painfulness of the water bath at 1-minute intervals on an 11-point scale ranging from 0-10, with 0 = lack of pain and 10 = unbearable pain. The obtained ratings were averaged and analyzed. Greater ratings indicated greater subjective pain during the stressor.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Average Subjective Pain, as Assessed by Verbal Self Report
|
6.089 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .228
|
6.415 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .223
|
.123 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .243
|
.159 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .226
|
6.806 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .167
|
6.765 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .181
|
.092 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .172
|
.131 score on a scale of 0-10
Standard Error .163
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Stress or sham control condition on Day 1Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not report subjective stress ratings.
During the stress or sham control manipulation, participants rated the stressfulness of the water bath at 1-minute intervals on an 11-point scale ranging from 0-10, with 0 = lack of stress and 10 = unbearable stress. The obtained ratings were averaged and analyzed. Greater ratings indicated greater subjective stress during the stressor.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Average Subjective Stress, as Assessed by Verbal Self Report
|
4.457 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .289
|
5.778 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .283
|
.675 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .307
|
.318 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .286
|
5.910 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .212
|
5.843 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .230
|
.184 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .217
|
.405 score on scale of 0-10
Standard Error .207
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Day 1 (change from baseline to during stress or sham control manipulation)Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some heart rate measurements were unable to be obtained from participants due to technical issues (e.g., pulse oximeter malfunction).
Heart rate (bpm) measurements were aken via the PPG module of the Biopac MP150 system from participants prior to undergoing the stress or sham control condition (baseline) and then halfway through the manipulation.The change in heart rate was analyzed.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=42 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=37 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=78 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=67 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=74 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=81 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Heart Rate (Bpm)
|
4.924 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error 1.159
|
3.922 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error 1.120
|
-.379 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error 1.235
|
.345 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error 1.146
|
5.339 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error .851
|
4.348 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error .918
|
.096 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error .873
|
-1.337 Change in heart rate (beats per minute)
Standard Error .835
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Day 1 (change from baseline to 25 min post-stress)Population: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some salivary cortisol levels were unable to be obtained due to a lack of adequate saliva.
Saliva samples were collected from female participants prior to undergoing the stress or sham control condition (baseline) and then 25 min later. The change in salivary progesterone levels were analyzed.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=64 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=52 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=60 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=61 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Salivary Progesterone (pg/ml)
|
247.165 Change in progesterone (pg/ml)
Standard Error 51.177
|
160.933 Change in progesterone (pg/ml)
Standard Error 56.776
|
197.625 Change in progesterone (pg/ml)
Standard Error 52.856
|
198.469 Change in progesterone (pg/ml)
Standard Error 52.421
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Average across Day 1 (baseline) and Day 2 (baseline)Salivary estradiol (pg/ml) was measured by enzyme immunoassay (Salimetrics LLC) performed on saliva samples collected from female participants on Days 1 and 2.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=79 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=66 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=73 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=78 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Salivary Estradiol (pg/ml)
|
2.040 pg/ml
Standard Error .131
|
2.050 pg/ml
Standard Error .144
|
1.971 pg/ml
Standard Error .137
|
1.955 pg/ml
Standard Error .132
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Day 2 - following generalization testingPopulation: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire.
The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered following generalization testing on Day 2. The STAI provides scores (20-80) for state and trait anxiety. State anxiety was used for this measure and was a sum of 20 items from the STAI. The minimum score for state anxiety was 20, and the maximum score was 80. Higher scores represented higher levels of state anxiety.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
State Anxiety
|
38.395 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.738
|
36.422 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.699
|
37.868 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.849
|
38.750 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.718
|
43.213 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.274
|
41.441 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.382
|
40.868 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.307
|
41.845 score on a scale of 20-80
Standard Error 1.244
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Day 2 - following generalization testingPopulation: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire.
The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was administered following generalization testing on Day 2. The questionnaire consists of 25 items and yields a score between 25 and 125. Higher scores represent greater levels of childhood trauma exposure.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)
|
34.93 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.836
|
32.600 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.795
|
31.632 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.953
|
34.909 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.815
|
37.688 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.346
|
34.471 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.460
|
35.184 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.381
|
35.333 score on a scale of 25-125
Standard Error 1.314
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Day 2 - following generalization testingPopulation: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire.
The Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) was administered following generalization testing on Day 2. The ASI consists of 18 items and yields a score that reflects an individual's dispositional anxiety sensitivity. The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 72. Greater scores reflect a greater sensitivity to anxiety.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Anxiety Sensitivity Index
|
16.047 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.649
|
15.933 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.612
|
14.816 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.754
|
14.591 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.630
|
18.838 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.209
|
16.882 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.311
|
17.171 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.240
|
15.619 score on a scale of 0-72
Standard Error 1.180
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Day 2 - following generalization testingPopulation: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire.
The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered following generalization testing on Day 2. The CES-D is a 20-item measure of symptoms of depression. The possible range for scores is 0-60 with higher scores suggesting more severe symptoms of depression.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
|
12.767 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.439
|
10.000 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.407
|
15.579 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.531
|
10.909 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.423
|
15.950 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.055
|
13.441 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.144
|
13.974 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.082
|
14.583 score of a scale of 0-60
Standard Error 1.030
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Day 2 - following generalization testingPopulation: The overall number of participants analyzed is not consistent with the numbers in the participant flow module. Some participants did not complete the questionnaire.
The PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version was administered following generalization testing on Day 2. The checklist is a 17-item measure of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The minimum score is 0, and the maximum score is 80. Greater scores reflect greater symptoms related to PTSD.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=43 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=45 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=38 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=44 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
n=80 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
n=68 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
n=76 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
n=84 Participants
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to stress 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during the conditioning phase of acquisition on Day 1 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Males, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in males exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed immediately before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Stress, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females stressed 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Immediate, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation immediately before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS+
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS+ during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS1
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS1 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS2
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS2 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS3
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS3 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS4
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS4 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS5
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS5 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS6
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS6 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, GS7
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the GS7 during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
Sham Control, Delayed, Females, CS-
Fear-potentiated startle responses to the CS- during generalization testing on Day 2 in females exposed to the sham manipulation 30 min before learning
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
PTSD Checklist - Civilian Version
|
31.628 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.774
|
29.800 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.734
|
34.868 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.887
|
30.886 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.754
|
36.088 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.301
|
32.456 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.411
|
34.868 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.335
|
34.190 score on a scale of 0-80
Standard Error 1.269
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Adverse Events
Stress, Immediate, Males
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Stress, Delayed, Males
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham Control, Immediate, Males
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham Control, Delayed, Males
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Stress, Immediate, Females
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Stress, Delayed, Females
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham Control, Immediate, Females
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sham Control, Delayed, Females
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place