Trial Outcomes & Findings for Pain Control Following Sinus Surgery (NCT NCT03783702)

NCT ID: NCT03783702

Last Updated: 2021-09-01

Results Overview

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

118 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Average pain score will be collected for preoperative visit (the day before surgery)

Results posted on

2021-09-01

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Experimental Group
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Overall Study
STARTED
56
62
Overall Study
COMPLETED
49
51
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
7
11

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Experimental Group
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
6
8
Overall Study
Protocol Violation
1
3

Baseline Characteristics

Pain Control Following Sinus Surgery

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Total
n=100 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
50.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.1 • n=5 Participants
43.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.9 • n=7 Participants
46.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.3 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
22 Participants
n=7 Participants
44 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
29 Participants
n=7 Participants
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
40 Participants
n=5 Participants
43 Participants
n=7 Participants
83 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Prior sinus surgery
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
39 Participants
n=5 Participants
Lund-mackay score
9.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 • n=5 Participants
11.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 • n=7 Participants
10.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.4 • n=5 Participants
Total baseline SNOT-22 score
39.6 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.1 • n=5 Participants
41.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.8 • n=7 Participants
40.5 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 19.9 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for preoperative visit (the day before surgery)

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
12.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.0
8.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score was collected for postoperative day 1

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
30.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.6
29.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 2

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
27.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.8
23.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 3

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
19.2 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.6
22.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 4

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
14.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.7
16.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 5

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
15.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.8
15.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.6

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 6

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
13.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.0
11.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Average pain score will be collected for postoperative day 7

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess pain severity.The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no pain" with a score of 0 to "worst imaginable pain," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Pain Severity
8.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.8
10.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Postoperative day 1 to 7

Patients kept a daily medication log and reported the number of doses consumed per day (650mg acetaminophen, 600mg ibuprofen, 5mg oxycodone). The mean number of medication doses per day was calculated for each treatment group.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD1
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.7
0.6 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.1
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD2
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.3
0.4 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.0
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD3
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.2
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.8
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD4
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.3
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.7
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD5
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.4
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.1
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD6
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.3
0.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.6
Medication Log
Oxycodone POD7
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.2
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.2
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD1
2.0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.5
2.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.8
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD2
1.8 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.4
1.9 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.9
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD3
1.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.3
1.6 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.6
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD4
1.0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.5
1.5 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.4
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD5
0.9 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.2
1.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.4
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD6
0.9 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.3
1.1 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.3
Medication Log
Acetaminophen POD7
0.6 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 1.0
0.6 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.8
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD1
0.6 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.9
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD2
0.5 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.8
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD3
0.4 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.9
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD4
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.8
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD5
0.4 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.8
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD6
0.3 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.6
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0
Medication Log
Ibuprofen POD7
0.2 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0.5
0 Average number of medication doses/day
Standard Deviation 0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: BPI score will be collected at the preoperative visit

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
1.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 1

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
2.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
2.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 2

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
2.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
2.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 3

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0
2.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 4

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
1.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 5

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.7 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
1.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 6

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
1.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Average BPI score will be collected for postoperative day 7

The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Severity short form is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure that assesses pain over a 24-hour period. The Pain Severity score is calculated as a composite mean score using the degree of pain a patient experiences per day at its "least," "worst," "average," and "now." The score ranges from 0 to 10 (higher indicates more pain). Keller S, Bann CM, Dodd SL, Schein J, Mendoza TR, Cleeland CS. Validity of the brief pain inventory for use in documenting the outcomes of patients with noncancer pain. Clin J Pain 2004. 20(5): 309-318.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) Score
1.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
1.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected at the preoperative visit

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 1

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
36.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.2
38.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 2

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
23.0 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.1
21.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 3

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
15.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.0
12.9 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 4

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
9.3 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.2
11.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 5

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
10.1 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.1
7.8 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 6

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
6.5 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.6
6.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Epistaxis severity will be collected for postoperative day 7

A 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to assess bleeding. The VAS is a continuous, patient-reported outcome measure determined using a horizontal 100-mm scale ranging from "no bleeding" with a score of 0 to "continuous bleeding," corresponding to a score of 100.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental Group
n=49 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: ibuprofen 600mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours if they still require additional analgesics 3. rd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Control Group
n=51 Participants
1. st line analgesic: acetaminophen 650mg tablet by mouth every 6 hours 2. nd line analgesic: oxycodone 5mg tablet by mouth every 4 hours if they still require additional analgesics
Severity of Epistaxis
4.6 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.2
5.4 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.5

Adverse Events

Experimental Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Control Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Noel Ayoub

Stanford University School of Medicine

Phone: 3109407055

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place