Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effect of a Rent Subsidy and Mentoring on Youth Transitioning Out of Homelessness (NCT NCT03779204)
NCT ID: NCT03779204
Last Updated: 2025-01-13
Results Overview
This outcome is a measure of behavioural (e.g., participation in activities) and psychological (e.g., sense of belonging) aspects of community integration. This will be measured using the Community Integration Scale (CIS), an 11-item scale. The CIS includes a psychological subscale (possible score range is from 4-20, 4 being low psychological community integration and 20 being high integration), and a physical subscale (total score range is 0-7, 0 being low physical community integration, and 7 being high integration). Only the psychological subscale has been reported here.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
24 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Change from baseline to 18 months
Results posted on
2025-01-13
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
13
|
11
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
11
|
11
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
2
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
2
|
0
|
Baseline Characteristics
Effect of a Rent Subsidy and Mentoring on Youth Transitioning Out of Homelessness
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Total
n=24 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
21.5 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.3 • n=5 Participants
|
22.2 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 • n=7 Participants
|
21.8 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Woman
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Man
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Indigenous
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Different choice
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Canada
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
First time became homeless, age
|
18 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.1 • n=5 Participants
|
17.5 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=7 Participants
|
17.8 Years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Born in Canada
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Immigration Status
Canadian citizen
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Immigration Status
Permanent resident
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Immigration Status
Refugee
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Child welfare involvement
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
No. of attempts to live on own after being homeless
1-2
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
No. of attempts to live on own after being homeless
≥3
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
No. of attempts to exit homelessness
1-2
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
No. of attempts to exit homelessness
3-4
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
No. of attempts to exit homelessness
≥5
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Highest educational level
Less than high school
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Highest educational level
Completed high school
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Highest educational level
Some or completed postsecondary education
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Regular contact with adult relative
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Informal adult mentor
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Employed
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Social assistance
Ontario Works
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Social assistance
Ontario Disability Support Program
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
ACEs, adverse childhood experiences
1-3
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
ACEs, adverse childhood experiences
4-9
|
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
ACEs, adverse childhood experiences
Missing
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 monthsThis outcome is a measure of behavioural (e.g., participation in activities) and psychological (e.g., sense of belonging) aspects of community integration. This will be measured using the Community Integration Scale (CIS), an 11-item scale. The CIS includes a psychological subscale (possible score range is from 4-20, 4 being low psychological community integration and 20 being high integration), and a physical subscale (total score range is 0-7, 0 being low physical community integration, and 7 being high integration). Only the psychological subscale has been reported here.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Community Integration Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
11.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
|
10.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.1
|
|
Community Integration Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
11.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.9
|
13.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.9
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This outcome is a measure of global self-worth and will be measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a 10-item scale, internal consistency α = .77 - .88. The total scoring range is 0-30, a score of \<15 is categorized as low self-esteem, and 15-30 is categorized as normal self-esteem.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
16.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.6
|
16.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.1
|
|
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
18.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.2
|
19.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This outcome is a measure of belongingness - the degree to which people feel connected to others. It is measured using the Social Connected Scale, a 20-item scale, internal consistency α = .92. The total scoring range is 20-120, 20 being low social connectedness and 120 being high social connectedness.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Connectedness Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
67.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.9
|
77.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.9
|
|
Social Connectedness Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
74.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.3
|
77.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This outcome is a measure of motivation, expectations, and feelings about the future and will be measured using Beck's Hopelessness Scale, a 20-item scale, internal consistency α = .93. The total scoring range is 0-20, 0-3 = None or minimal, 4-8 = Mild, 9-14 = Moderate - requires monitoring, 15+ = Severe - suicide risk.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Beck Hopelessness Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
4.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.2
|
7.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.8
|
|
Beck Hopelessness Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
4.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.8
|
5.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.Participant engagement with school or a training program will be assessed. Participants will be prompted to answer questions about their current educational pursuit every 6 months in a questionnaire, including whether the individual is pursuing education, and the type of education.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Academic/Vocational Participation as Assessed by a Questionnaire at 18 Months
|
8 Participants
|
8 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This is an exploratory outcome. This outcome is a measure of the degree to which an individual's self-concept is defined by their experience of homelessness. It will be assessed using the Modified Engulfment Scale, a 30-item scale, internal consistency α = .91. The total scoring range is 30-150, 30 being low engulfment, 150 being high engulfment. The scale was adapted for use in this study, substituting "experience of homelessness" for "illness". Increased levels of engulfment indicate that the individual was more likely to have an earlier age of onset (of homelessness), to have experienced a longer period of homelessness, with a greater number of homelessness/shelter contact, and a decreased level of social adjustment.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Modified Engulfment Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
81.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.6
|
83.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.1
|
|
Modified Engulfment Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
70.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.3
|
79.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.0
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This is an exploratory outcome; it is the measurement of the presence and frequency of psychiatric symptoms experienced in the past month. Measured using the Modified Colorado Symptom Index, a 14-item questionnaire, internal consistency α = .90 - .92. The total scoring range is 0-56, 0 being a low frequency of psychiatric symptoms, and 56 being a high frequency of psychiatric symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Modified Colorado Symptom Index Score at 18 Months
18 months
|
32.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.0
|
34.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.0
|
|
Modified Colorado Symptom Index Score at 18 Months
Baseline
|
40.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.6
|
36.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.4
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This is an exploratory outcome. Participants will be prompted to answer questions about their current income every 6 months in a questionnaire. This outcome is assessed using a repeated measures analysis and changes in income will be assessed for change over time at the aggregate level.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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Income as Assessed by a Questionnaire at 18 Months
Receiving Employment Income at Baseline
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7 Participants
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8 Participants
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Income as Assessed by a Questionnaire at 18 Months
Receiving Employment Income at 18 Months
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5 Participants
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5 Participants
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OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 18 months.This is an exploratory outcome and is assessed by participant perception of housing choice and quality. Measured using the Perceived Housing Quality Scale.This scale was used extensively in the Chez Soi/At Home study, but psychometric properties have yet to be reported. It has been shortened it from 10 items (Chez Soi/At Home) to seven relevant items. The total scoring range is 7-35, 7 being very dissatisfied with current housing quality, and 35 being very satisfied with housing quality.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=13 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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Rent Subsidies Only
n=11 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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Perceived Housing Quality Scale Score at 18 Months
18 months
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23.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.1
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24.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.6
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Perceived Housing Quality Scale Score at 18 Months
Baseline
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24.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.1
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23.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.2
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OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Assessed every 6 months for 30 months, starting at baseline.Population: Participants from both groups were included to explore factors beyond the intervention impacting socioeconomic inclusion. The path to inclusion is complex, with factors like informal mentorship (from non-study mentors) proving more influential than formal study mentorship. Thus, analyzing the groups as a cohort provided a more comprehensive understanding of participants' experiences.
This is an exploratory outcome. Using one-on-one, semi-structured interviews with young people from both the control and intervention arms, we examined and compared their experiences of social and economic inclusion. Additionally, we explored how mentorship, provided to youth in the intervention arm, influenced this experience.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=12 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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Rent Subsidies Only
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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|---|---|---|
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Barriers and Facilitators of Social and Economic Inclusion: Key Themes and Subthemes as Informed by Individual Interviews With Youth Participants at 30 Months
Themes
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3 Key themes and sub-themes
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—
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Barriers and Facilitators of Social and Economic Inclusion: Key Themes and Subthemes as Informed by Individual Interviews With Youth Participants at 30 Months
Subthemes
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10 Key themes and sub-themes
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—
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OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: Assessed at 12 and 24 months.Population: Mentors that were matched with youth in the intervention arm.
This is an exploratory outcome. We conducted focus groups with study mentors to explore their perception of barriers and facilitators to mentorship engagement.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
n=9 Participants
Participants in this arm (n = 13) will receive rent subsidies (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the intervention and be matched with an adult mentor recruited by one of the community partners.
Mentorship: The mentors will be encouraged to incorporate the key relationship-based components of natural mentors (e.g., a 'coach' or 'cheerleader' role) to assist with mainstream integration. The mentors will have more flexibility than a typical formal mentorship program in the types of activities they pursue with their mentees. They will not be mandated to attend shelter-based social events, but rather engage in activities that direct their mentees away from the shelter system (and their old identities as homeless youth) and toward the mainstream (e.g., meeting for coffee at a local university campus). All of the mentors will meet monthly with their mentees for two years. In addition, the mentor will be encouraged to touch base with their mentee via phone or text message every week. If a mentor is unable to continue their role and there are at least six months left in the study, the study participant will be matched with a new mentor.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
|
Rent Subsidies Only
Participants in this arm (n = 11) will receive rent subsidies only (ranging from $400 - $500/month) for 24 months as part of the comparator group intervention. This group will not receive mentorship.
Rent Subsidies: Participants will receive rent subsidies ($500 for those living in Toronto, $400 for those living in Hamilton or St. Catherine's due to differences in cost of living) for 24 months.
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|---|---|---|
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Barriers and Facilitators of Mentorship Intervention: Key Themes and Subthemes as Informed by Focus Groups With Mentors at 24 Months
Themes
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3 Key themes and sub-themes
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—
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Barriers and Facilitators of Mentorship Intervention: Key Themes and Subthemes as Informed by Focus Groups With Mentors at 24 Months
Sub-themes
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11 Key themes and sub-themes
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—
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Adverse Events
Rent Subsidies + Mentorship
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Rent Subsidies Only
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place