Individual Variability of Appetite Responses to a Standardised Meal

NCT ID: NCT03771690

Last Updated: 2018-12-11

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

18 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-01-11

Study Completion Date

2018-05-01

Brief Summary

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The aim of this study is to examine the interindividual variability of subjective and hormonal appetite responses to a standardised meal in healthy men and explore any moderating influence of the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO).

Participants homozygous for the obesity risk A allele (AA) or low risk T allele (TT) of FTO rs9939609 will complete two fasted control and two standardised meal (5025 kJ energy, 47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat) conditions in randomised sequences. Ratings of perceived appetite and venous blood samples will be taken before and after the interventions. Interindividual differences in appetite responses and the potential moderating influence of the FTO gene will be examined using bivariate correlations and linear mixed modelling.

Detailed Description

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Meal ingestion initiates a series of co-ordinated subjective and hormonal appetite responses. However, it is not known whether interindividual variability in appetite exists in response to a standardised meal. A recent approach proposed to quantify individual differences in the intervention response involves quantifying the participant-by-response interaction from replicated intervention and comparator arms. Using this approach (a replicated crossover study), the current study will (1) investigate whether the perceived appetite and appetite-related hormone responses to a standardised meal are reproducible on repeated occasions; (2) examine whether there is true individual variability in appetite responses to a standardised meal; and (3) determine whether the fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) moderates the magnitude of appetite responses to a standardised meal.

A total of 18 healthy men will be recruited according to their FTO rs9939609 genotype: 9 homozygous minor allele (AA) and 9 homozygous major allele (TT). Participants will complete four main experimental conditions each separated by an interval of at least three days: two fasted control and two standardised meal conditions. Participants will arrive at the laboratory at 09:00 after a 13 h overnight fast and a cannula will be inserted into an antecubital vein for blood sampling. After 60 min rest, a fasting venous blood sample and rating of perceived appetite will be taken (0 h; 10:00). Participants will rest throughout all four conditions but will be provided with a standardised breakfast meal after the fasting measurements during the two meal conditions. Breakfast will be consumed within 15 min and consist of croissants, butter, chocolate spread, cereal biscuits and milkshake which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat). Subsequent venous blood samples will be taken at 0.5 h (10:30) and 1 h (11:00), and appetite perceptions will be assessed at 1 h (11:00).

Interindividual differences will be explored by correlating the two sets of response differences between meal and control conditions. Within-participant covariate-adjusted linear mixed models will be used to quantify participant-by-condition and FTO genotype-by-condition interactions.

Conditions

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Appetitive Behavior Obesity Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Keywords

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Appetite FTO Ghrelin Individual variability Meal intake Peptide YY

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

CROSSOVER

Primary Study Purpose

BASIC_SCIENCE

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Control 1

After a 13 h overnight fast, participants will rest in the laboratory for the duration of the trial (09:00-11:00).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Control 2

After a 13 h overnight fast, participants will rest in the laboratory for the duration of the trial (09:00-11:00).

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Standardised meal 1

After a 13 h overnight fast, participants will rest in the laboratory for the duration of the trial (09:00-11:00). A standardised meal will be consumed at 10:00 which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Standardised meal

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A standardised meal will be consumed at 10:00 which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat).

Standardised meal 2

After a 13 h overnight fast, participants will rest in the laboratory for the duration of the trial (09:00-11:00). A standardised meal will be consumed at 10:00 which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat).

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Standardised meal

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

A standardised meal will be consumed at 10:00 which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat).

Interventions

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Standardised meal

A standardised meal will be consumed at 10:00 which will provide 5025 kJ energy (47% carbohydrate, 9% protein, 44% fat).

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Homozygous minor allele (AA) or major allele (TT) FTO rs9939609 genotype;
* Non-smoker;
* Weight stable for the previous 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria

* Heterozygous FTO rs9939609 genotype (i.e., AT);
* Any medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, coagulation or bleeding disorders);
* Taking any medication that might influence appetite, fat metabolism or blood glucose;
* Dieting or restrained eating behaviours;
* Any food allergies.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

50 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Sponsors

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Teesside University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Loughborough University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Fernanda Reistenbach Goltz

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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David Stensel

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Loughborough University

Fernanda Reistenbach Goltz

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Loughborough University

Greg Atkinson

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Teesside University

Locations

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Loughborough University

Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom

Site Status

Countries

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United Kingdom

References

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Goltz FR, Thackray AE, King JA, Dorling JL, Atkinson G, Stensel DJ. Interindividual Responses of Appetite to Acute Exercise: A Replicated Crossover Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Apr;50(4):758-768. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001504.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 29240652 (View on PubMed)

Atkinson G, Batterham AM. True and false interindividual differences in the physiological response to an intervention. Exp Physiol. 2015 Jun;100(6):577-88. doi: 10.1113/EP085070. Epub 2015 May 13.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 25823596 (View on PubMed)

Senn S, Rolfe K, Julious SA. Investigating variability in patient response to treatment--a case study from a replicate cross-over study. Stat Methods Med Res. 2011 Dec;20(6):657-66. doi: 10.1177/0962280210379174. Epub 2010 Aug 25.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 20739334 (View on PubMed)

Senn S. Mastering variation: variance components and personalised medicine. Stat Med. 2016 Mar 30;35(7):966-77. doi: 10.1002/sim.6739. Epub 2015 Sep 28.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 26415869 (View on PubMed)

Goltz FR, Thackray AE, Atkinson G, Lolli L, King JA, Dorling JL, Dowejko M, Mastana S, Stensel DJ. True Interindividual Variability Exists in Postprandial Appetite Responses in Healthy Men But Is Not Moderated by the FTO Genotype. J Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;149(7):1159-1169. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz062.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 31132105 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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R17-P178

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id