Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effectiveness of WhatsApp Online Group Discussion for Smoking Relapse Prevention (NCT NCT03760224)
NCT ID: NCT03760224
Last Updated: 2022-07-18
Results Overview
Exhaled carbon monoxide below 4ppm using a Smokerlyzer, and a saliva cotinine 10ng/ml or below using the iScreen OFD Cotinine Saliva Test Kit
COMPLETED
NA
928 participants
12 month
2022-07-18
Participant Flow
Based on our pilot study, we calculated our sample size to be 1008 participants. As we predicted that there would be participants who fail to be contacted or fail to quit for 3 days, we recruited more than the target number of participants before the start of the intervention. Yet, due to the COVID-19, we recruited 928 participants and enrolled in the study.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Intervention
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
469
|
459
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
469
|
459
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Effectiveness of WhatsApp Online Group Discussion for Smoking Relapse Prevention
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
Total
n=928 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
|
443 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
434 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
877 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
|
26 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
51 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
43.00 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.70 • n=5 Participants
|
42.97 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.72 • n=7 Participants
|
42.99 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.60 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
85 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
103 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
188 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
384 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
356 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
740 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
469 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
459 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
928 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
Hong Kong
|
469 participants
n=5 Participants
|
459 participants
n=7 Participants
|
928 participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Fagerstrom Test For Nicotine Dependence
|
5.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5 • n=5 Participants
|
5.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=7 Participants
|
5.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale
|
18.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.8 • n=5 Participants
|
18.0 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.0 • n=7 Participants
|
18.1 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.9 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Importance of quitting
|
8.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 • n=5 Participants
|
8.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.6 • n=7 Participants
|
8.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Difficulty of quitting
|
7.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
|
7.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.1 • n=7 Participants
|
7.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Confidence of quitting
|
6.4 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
|
6.6 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=7 Participants
|
6.5 scores on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.2 • n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthExhaled carbon monoxide below 4ppm using a Smokerlyzer, and a saliva cotinine 10ng/ml or below using the iScreen OFD Cotinine Saliva Test Kit
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Passed the Biochemical Validated Abstinence at 12-month Follow-up
|
56 Participants
|
54 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthExhaled carbon monoxide below 4ppm using a Smokerlyzer, and a saliva cotinine 10ng/ml or below using the iScreen OFD Cotinine Saliva Test Kit
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Passed the Biochemical Validated Abstinence at 6-month Follow-up
|
69 Participants
|
75 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthSelf-reported abstinence in the past 7 days at 3-month follow-up
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Self-reported 7-day Abstinence at 3-month Follow-up
|
256 Participants
|
257 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthSelf-reported abstinence in the past 7 days at 6-month follow-up
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Self-reported 7-day Abstinence at 6-month Follow-up
|
229 Participants
|
232 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthSelf-reported abstinence in the past 7 days at 12-month follow-up
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Self-reported 7-day Abstinence at 12-month Follow-up
|
200 Participants
|
216 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthConsuming 5 cigarettes or more in 3 consecutive days in the past 3 months
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Reported Smoking Relapse at 3-month Follow-up
|
213 Participants
|
202 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthConsuming 5 cigarettes or more in 3 consecutive days in the past 6 months
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Reported Smoking Relapse at 6-month Follow-up
|
240 Participants
|
227 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthConsuming 5 cigarettes or more in 3 consecutive days in the past 12 months
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Reported Smoking Relapse at 12-month Follow-up
|
269 Participants
|
243 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthSelf-reported continuous abstinence
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Reported Self-reported Continuous Abstinence
|
256 Participants
|
257 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthSelf-reported continuous abstinence
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Self-reported Continuous Abstinence
|
185 Participants
|
187 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthSelf-reported continuous abstinence
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Number of Participants Who Self-reported Continuous Abstinence
|
130 Participants
|
141 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthFrequency (in the past week) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their frequency of their smoking urges on a scale of 0 (none at all) to 4 (ever hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Frequency of Smoking Urge
|
2.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.21
|
2.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.19
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthIntensity (in the past day) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their intensity of their smoking urges on a scale of 1 (never have smoking urges) to 5 (smoking urges every hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Intensity of Smoking Urge
|
1.70 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.95
|
1.79 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.02
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthFrequency (in the past week) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their frequency of their smoking urges on a scale of 0 (none at all) to 4 (ever hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Frequency of Smoking Urge
|
1.72 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.12
|
1.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.05
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthIntensity (in the past day) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their intensity of their smoking urges on a scale of 1 (never have smoking urges) to 5 (smoking urges every hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Intensity of Smoking Urge
|
1.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
1.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.78
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthFrequency (in the past week) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their frequency of their smoking urges on a scale of 0 (none at all) to 4 (ever hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Frequency of Smoking Urge
|
2.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.37
|
2.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.46
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthIntensity (in the past day) of smoking urge will be evaluated according to their intensity of their smoking urges on a scale of 1 (never have smoking urges) to 5 (smoking urges every hour or more).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Intensity of Smoking Urge
|
1.37 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.82
|
1.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthEuroQol 5-dimension 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) health utility scores on a 1 (No problem) -5 (unable or extreme pain/ anxious) scales which assess participants mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/ discomfort and their anxiety/ depression. After obtaining the data, results were re-calculated and transferred based on Hong Kong population norm. After calculation, the total score ranged from -0.864 to 1. Higher score indicates better health status. Calculations of this scale were based on Hong Kong population provided by Wong EL and colleagues (Wong EL, Ramos-Goni JM, Cheung AW, Wong AY, Rivero-Arias O. Assessing the use of a feedback module to model EQ-5D-5L health states values in Hong Kong. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. 2018 Apr;11(2):235-47.).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L)
|
0.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.13
|
0.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.08
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthEuroQol 5-dimension 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) health utility scores on a 1 (No problem) -5 (unable or extreme pain/ anxious) scales which assess participants mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/ discomfort and their anxiety/ depression. After obtaining the data, results were re-calculated and transferred based on Hong Kong population norm. After calculation, the total score ranged from -0.864 to 1. Higher score indicates better health status. Calculations of this scale were based on Hong Kong population provided by Wong EL and colleagues (Wong EL, Ramos-Goni JM, Cheung AW, Wong AY, Rivero-Arias O. Assessing the use of a feedback module to model EQ-5D-5L health states values in Hong Kong. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. 2018 Apr;11(2):235-47.).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L)
|
0.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.11
|
0.95 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.11
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthEuroQol 5-dimension 5 level (EQ-5D-5L) health utility scores on a 1 (No problem) -5 (unable or extreme pain/ anxious) scales which assess participants mobility, self care, usual activities, pain/ discomfort and their anxiety/ depression. After obtaining the data, results were re-calculated and transferred based on Hong Kong population norm. After calculation, the total score ranged from -0.864 to 1. Higher score indicates better health status. Calculations of this scale were based on Hong Kong population provided by Wong EL and colleagues (Wong EL, Ramos-Goni JM, Cheung AW, Wong AY, Rivero-Arias O. Assessing the use of a feedback module to model EQ-5D-5L health states values in Hong Kong. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. 2018 Apr;11(2):235-47.).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level (EQ-5D-5L)
|
0.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.09
|
0.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.10
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthQuality of Life Inventory (QoLI) , 7 items with 3-point rating scale for importance (1 not important, 3 very important), and 3-point rating scale for satisfaction (1 not satisfied, 3 very satisfied) in terms of health, economy, work, hobbies, relationship with partner, friendship and relationship with family.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Quality of Life Inventory
|
2.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.25
|
2.31 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.36
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthQuality of Life Inventory (QoLI) , 7 items with 3-point rating scale for importance (1 not important, 3 very important), and 3-point rating scale for satisfaction (1 not satisfied, 3 very satisfied) in terms of health, economy, work, hobbies, relationship with partner, friendship and relationship with family.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Quality of Life Inventory
|
2.50 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.30
|
2.46 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.35
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 3 monthMinnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) using Likert-type scale for the severity ratings, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (severe) in terms of their desire and craving to smoke, insomnia, awakening at night, difficulty in concentration, anxious,depressed, restless and irritable. As the 9 items were rated from 0-4, therefore, the total score ranged from 0-36. A higher score indicates participants had more withdrawal symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Nicotine Withdrawals
|
11.85 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.88
|
12.37 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.96
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthMinnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) using Likert-type scale for the severity ratings, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (severe) in terms of their desire and craving to smoke, insomnia, awakening at night, difficulty in concentration, anxious,depressed, restless and irritable. As the 9 items were rated from 0-4, therefore, the total score ranged from 0-36. A higher score indicates participants had more withdrawal symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Nicotine Withdrawals
|
11.30 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.27
|
11.71 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.14
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 12 monthMinnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) using Likert-type scale for the severity ratings, ranging from 0 (not at all) to 4 (severe) in terms of their desire and craving to smoke, insomnia, awakening at night, difficulty in concentration, anxious,depressed, restless and irritable. As the 9 items were rated from 0-4, therefore, the total score ranged from 0-36. A higher score indicates participants had more withdrawal symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention
n=469 Participants
WhatsApp group will receive at least 3 messages each week and allow real-time group discussion for the intervention period (8 weeks).
WhatsApp group: WhatsApp group will allow real-time group discussion for 8 weeks
|
Control
n=459 Participants
The control group will receive 3 mobile phone text messages each week in the 8 weeks after recruitment. This will be a one way message and no real-time discussion will be available.
SMS group: SMS group for 8 weeks
|
|---|---|---|
|
Nicotine Withdrawals
|
10.90 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.72
|
11.46 scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.24
|
Adverse Events
Intervention
Control
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place