Harms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance

NCT ID: NCT03756051

Last Updated: 2024-12-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

2871 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-04-01

Study Completion Date

2022-06-30

Brief Summary

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This study leverage a multi-center randomized controlled trial assessing screening-related benefits (i.e. early tumor detection, treatment eligibility, and overall survival) among a racially and socioeconomically diverse population of patients with cirrhosis. However, the randomized controlled trial was not budgeted to assess hepatocellular carcinoma screening-related harms. The goal of this study is to quantify physical, financial, and psychosocial harms across three healthcare settings.

Detailed Description

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Leveraging a multi-center randomized controlled trial assessing screening benefits in a socioeconomically and racially diverse population of patients with cirrhosis followed in 3 healthcare settings over a 4-year period, this study aims to:

Aim 1: Assess the effect of hepatocellular carcinoma screening on a) physical harms due to follow-up tests, b) financial harms, and c) overdiagnosis in patients with severe liver dysfunction or comorbid illness, through electronic medical record data, manual chart review, and validated survey measures.

Aim 2: Assess the effect of hepatocellular carcinoma screening on screening-related psychosocial harms, e.g. cancer-specific worry, situational anxiety, mood disturbances, and decisional regret, through longitudinal validated measures and qualitative interviews.

Aim 3: Create and disseminate a balance sheet of benefits and harms to inform patients, providers, healthcare organizations, payers, and policymakers about the value of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis.

Over a 4-year period, electronic medical record data will be used to compare screening-related physical and financial harms between patients undergoing and those not undergoing hepatocellular carcinoma screening. Psychosocial harms, as ascertained through longitudinal measurement of validated survey instruments and qualitative interviews, will be compared between patients with positive or indeterminate screening results and those with negative results or without any screening. Mixed-effect regression analysis will be used to determine if screening harms differed by factors at multiple levels including patient (e.g. degree of liver dysfunction), provider (e.g. subspecialty training), and healthcare organization (e.g. access to liver transplantation). This study will seamlessly complement data from the parent randomized controlled trial. By immediately translating these high quality data about hepatocellular carcinoma screening benefits and harms into a balance sheet, the investigators will facilitate patient-provider discussions, inform payer decisions about reimbursement, and guide policy decisions. These data are also crucial to identify modifiable and high-yield intervention targets and strategies to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma screening harms in the future.

Conditions

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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular

Keywords

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Physical Harms Financial Harms Overdiagnosis Psychosocial Harms

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

COHORT

Study Time Perspective

PROSPECTIVE

Study Groups

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Cohort

This study will collect prospective longitudinal data to characterize rates and identify correlates of a) physical harms due to follow-up tests, b) financial harms, and c) inappropriate screening using electronic medical record data and manual chart review. The study will also use surveys and semi-structured interviews to characterize rates and identify correlates of screening-related psychological harms, e.g. cancer specific worry, situational anxiety, mood disturbances, and decisional regret. Lastly, investigators will create and disseminate a balance sheet of benefits and harms to inform patients, providers, healthcare organizations, payers, and policymakers about the role of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in patients with cirrhosis.

Prospective Longitudinal Data

Intervention Type OTHER

We will prospectively follow the cohort using electronic medical record to document the hepatocellular carcinoma screening process and characterize physical and financial harms related to positive or indeterminate screening results and burden of inappropriate screening. Patients are anticipated to undergo hepatocellular carcinoma screening every 6-12 months, so each patient will have \~4-8 screening encounters over the study duration. We will use manual chart review to determine intent of ultrasound exams (screening vs. diagnostic) and test results. Receipt of follow-up tests after positive or indeterminate screening results will be identified through electronic medical record extraction using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for CT, MRI, and biopsy.

Surveys and Semi-structured Interviews

Intervention Type OTHER

We will use surveys and semi-structured interviews to characterize psychological harms after positive or indeterminate screening tests. Patient surveys will include patient-reported scales to measure psychosocial factors at three times points: baseline, 1 month after screening result, and 4 months after screening result. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted via telephone to explore patient attitudes toward risk perception, test follow-up, competing demands, and "downstream harms", particularly financial issues (e.g., out-of-pocket costs, access to insurance, and juggling hepatocellular carcinoma screening process completion with competing demands-work and family).

Interventions

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Prospective Longitudinal Data

We will prospectively follow the cohort using electronic medical record to document the hepatocellular carcinoma screening process and characterize physical and financial harms related to positive or indeterminate screening results and burden of inappropriate screening. Patients are anticipated to undergo hepatocellular carcinoma screening every 6-12 months, so each patient will have \~4-8 screening encounters over the study duration. We will use manual chart review to determine intent of ultrasound exams (screening vs. diagnostic) and test results. Receipt of follow-up tests after positive or indeterminate screening results will be identified through electronic medical record extraction using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes for CT, MRI, and biopsy.

Intervention Type OTHER

Surveys and Semi-structured Interviews

We will use surveys and semi-structured interviews to characterize psychological harms after positive or indeterminate screening tests. Patient surveys will include patient-reported scales to measure psychosocial factors at three times points: baseline, 1 month after screening result, and 4 months after screening result. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted via telephone to explore patient attitudes toward risk perception, test follow-up, competing demands, and "downstream harms", particularly financial issues (e.g., out-of-pocket costs, access to insurance, and juggling hepatocellular carcinoma screening process completion with competing demands-work and family).

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Adult patients (≥ 21 years old)
* Cirrhosis
* Outpatient visit in year prior to randomization
* English or Spanish speaking

Exclusion Criteria

* History of hepatocellular carcinoma
* History of liver transplantation
* Child Pugh C cirrhosis
* Significant comorbid conditions with life expectancy \< 1 year, (e.g., extrahepatic malignancy)
Minimum Eligible Age

21 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Cancer Institute (NCI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Parkland Health and Hospital System

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Baylor College of Medicine

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

Kaiser Permanente

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Amit Singal

Associate Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Amit Singal, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Locations

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University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

Dallas, Texas, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Singal AG, Daher D, Narasimman M, Yekkaluri S, Liu Y, Cerda V, Banala C, Khan A, Lee M, Seif El Dahan K, Murphy CC, Kramer JR, Hernaez R. Benefits and harms of hepatocellular carcinoma screening outreach in patients with cirrhosis: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2025 Feb 1;117(2):262-269. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djae228.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39288308 (View on PubMed)

Singal AG, Reddy S, Radadiya Aka Patel H, Villarreal D, Khan A, Liu Y, Cerda V, Rich NE, Murphy CC, Tiro JA, Kramer JR, Hernaez R. Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of a Mailed Outreach Strategy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Dec;20(12):2818-2825.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.12.014. Epub 2021 Dec 10.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 34902568 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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R01CA212008

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

STU 102016-012

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id