Trial Outcomes & Findings for Perceptual-motor Interaction to Improve Bimanual Coordination After Stroke (NCT NCT03755076)

Last Updated: 2025-08-14

Results Overview

Cross-correlation between tangential velocity profiles of the two hands was used to index spatial and temporal coordination between hands. Cross-correlation measures similarities of two distinct time series as a function of the displacement of one relative to the other. Repeated correlations between the two hand velocity profiles were obtained as the velocity profile of one hand was successively lagged. The maximum cross correlation coefficient obtained gave a measure of similarity between the two profiles, indexing spatial coordination. The better the arms moved in space, the higher the score they got, called the cross-correlation coefficient (CCr). CCr values range from zero to 1; with values close to 1 means the arms were moving very well together.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

EARLY_PHASE1

Target enrollment

79 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

After 20 minutes of training under each perceptual cue condition

Results posted on

2025-08-14

Participant Flow

Participants with stroke (n=50) and age matched controls (n=29) were recruited from Moss Rehabilitation Research Registry in Pennsylvannia, PA. Recruitment occurred between April 2019- January 2024.

No participants were excluded from the study after enrollment.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Neurotypical Control Neurotypical healthy age-matched controls	Stroke Survivors Stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate motor impairments
Overall Study STARTED	29	50
Overall Study Condition 1:Indiscriminate	29	50
Overall Study Condition 2: Altered Gain	29	50
Overall Study Condition 3: Coordination Cue	29	50
Overall Study Condition 4: Dual Cues	29	50
Overall Study COMPLETED	29	50
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Neurotypical Control n=29 Participants Neurotypical healthy age-matched controls	Stroke Survivors n=50 Participants Stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate motor impairments	Total n=79 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	63.82 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.91 • n=29 Participants	60.52 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.94 • n=50 Participants	61.73 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.77 • n=79 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	14 Participants n=29 Participants	20 Participants n=50 Participants	34 Participants n=79 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	15 Participants n=29 Participants	30 Participants n=50 Participants	45 Participants n=79 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected	—	—	0 Participants Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment United States	29 Participants n=29 Participants	50 Participants n=50 Participants	79 Participants n=79 Participants
Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer Score; Motor impairment	66 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 0 • n=29 Participants	51.5 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.45 • n=50 Participants	56.82 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.77 • n=79 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 20 minutes of training under each perceptual cue condition

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Neurotypical Control n=29 Participants Neurotypical healthy age-matched controls	Stroke Survivors n=50 Participants Stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate motor impairments
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 1: Indiscriminate-Baseline	0.989 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.014	0.945 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.064
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 1: Indiscriminate-End of practice	0.995 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation .006	0.996 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation .005
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 2: Altered gain- Baseline	0.985 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.016	0.951 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.05
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 2: Altered gain: End of practice	0.998 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.003	0.997 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.003
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 3: Coordination: Baseline	0.957 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.068	0.933 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.065
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 3: Coordination: End of practice	0.998 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.002	0.995 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.006
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 4: Dual: Baseline	0.873 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.184	0.861 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.097
Maximum Cross-correlation Coefficient Condition 4: Dual: End of practice	0.997 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.003	0.990 cross-correlation coefficient Standard Deviation 0.018

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: After 20 minutes of training under each perceptual cue condition

Temporal coordination is about how well both arms move at the same time. Temporal coordination was quantified as the time lag at which the peak cross-correlation coefficient was obtained via cross-correlation analysis. If one arm moves a little later than the other, there's a time delay (or time lag). Shorter the delay, the better the timing between the arms. If the delay is positive, it means the weaker or less-used arm is moving after the stronger one.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Neurotypical Control n=29 Participants Neurotypical healthy age-matched controls	Stroke Survivors n=50 Participants Stroke survivors with mild-to-moderate motor impairments
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 1: Indiscriminate: Baseline	19.57 milliseconds Standard Deviation 24.04	72.75 milliseconds Standard Deviation 149.08
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 1: Indiscriminate: End of Practice	0.35 milliseconds Standard Deviation 0.95	1.55 milliseconds Standard Deviation 7.59
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 2: Altered gain: Baseline	15.92 milliseconds Standard Deviation 18.31	51.51 milliseconds Standard Deviation 64.83
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 2: Altered gain: End of Practice	0.42 milliseconds Standard Deviation 1.25	0.04 milliseconds Standard Deviation 0.29
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 3: Coordination: Baseline	28.64 milliseconds Standard Deviation 27.06	49.15 milliseconds Standard Deviation 48.81
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 3: Coordination: End of Practice	0.21 milliseconds Standard Deviation 1.13	8.44 milliseconds Standard Deviation 19.49
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 4: Dual: Baseline	107.85 milliseconds Standard Deviation 121.29	152.44 milliseconds Standard Deviation 188.30
Between Hands Time-lag Condition 4: Dual: End of Practice	0.071 milliseconds Standard Deviation 0.377	26.48 milliseconds Standard Deviation 76.15

Adverse Events

Neurotypical Controls

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Stroke Survivors

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Shailesh Kantak

Albert Einstein Healthcare Network

Phone: 562-385-7111

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place