Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Interaction Between Diabetes and Estradiol on Human Brain Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women (NCT NCT03681691)

NCT ID: NCT03681691

Last Updated: 2022-09-27

Results Overview

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain glucose uptake (FDG PET). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of FDG will be quantified.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE1

Target enrollment

12 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2022-09-27

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Overall Study
STARTED
8
4
Overall Study
COMPLETED
6
3
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
2
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Overall Study
COVID
1
0
Overall Study
prolonged bleeding
1
0
Overall Study
veins would not stay open during the PET scan.
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

The Interaction Between Diabetes and Estradiol on Human Brain Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=8 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=4 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Total
n=12 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
69.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=5 Participants
70.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 • n=7 Participants
70.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.2 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
8 participants
n=5 Participants
4 participants
n=7 Participants
12 participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Non-Diabetes: n=2, technical error resulted in issues reconstructing PET images for one participant. Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain glucose uptake (FDG PET). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of FDG will be quantified.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=2 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)--Whole Brain
12.28 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 11.39
11.75 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 12.42

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 8

Population: Non-Diabetes: n=2, technical error resulted in issues reconstructing PET images for one participant. Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain glucose uptake (FDG PET). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of FDG will be quantified.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=2 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
FDG PET--Whole Brain
8.74 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 2.59
6.87 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 0.88

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Population: Non-Diabetes: n=2, technical error resulted in issues reconstructing PET images for one participant. Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain ketone body (acetoacetate) uptake (AcAc). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of AcAc tracers will be quantified.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=2 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Acetoacetate Uptake (AcAc) PET--Whole Brain
0.031 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 0.009
0.024 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 0.005

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Week 8

Population: Non-Diabetes: n=2, technical error resulted in issues reconstructing PET images for one participant. Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain ketone body (acetoacetate) uptake (AcAc). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of AcAc tracers will be quantified.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=2 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
AcAc PET--Whole Brain
0.027 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 0.003
0.028 micromoles/min/100g tissue
Standard Deviation 0.015

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

Population: This outcome measure is actually many outcome measures. It was broken down into the other four primary outcome measures listed, so no no results will be listed here. Also, rather than "change in", results will be reported as mean/standard deviation in the other outcomes.

Brain metabolism will be measured using PET tracers to examine brain glucose uptake (FDG PET) and ketone body (acetoacetate) uptake (AcAc). PET imaging data are co-registered to T1 structural MRI data to conduct region-of-interest based analyses. Absolute global and regional uptake of FDG and AcAc tracers will be quantified, as well as uptake of AcAc relative to FDG to find potential regions of compensatory ketone use

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

A composite memory score was created by averaging z-scores for CVLT delayed recall, BVRT delayed recall, and prospective memory. A composite executive function score was created by averaging digit span forwards total correct, digit span backwards total correct, and both verbal fluency scores. Summed z-score ranging from -2 to 2 where higher score indicates better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Short-Term Memory Composite Score
Baseline
1.04 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.31
-0.52 z-score
Standard Deviation 2.01
Short-Term Memory Composite Score
Week 8
1.56 z-score
Standard Deviation 0.53
-0.56 z-score
Standard Deviation 2.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) is a word list recall task that can be used to test immediate and delayed verbal memory. Free recall after the short delay (immediately after learning lists) and long delay (25 minutes) are reported. Summed z-score ranging from -2 to 2 where higher score indicates better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Executive Function Composite Score
Baseline
0.20 z-score
Standard Deviation 1.36
-0.10 z-score
Standard Deviation 1.78
Executive Function Composite Score
Week 8
1.66 z-score
Standard Deviation 4.83
0.30 z-score
Standard Deviation 5.78

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The CVLT is a word list recall task that can be used to test immediate and delayed verbal memory. Free recall after long delay (25 minutes). The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 16 and a higher score represents better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
California Verbal Learning Task (CVLT) Long Delay Free Recall
Baseline
12.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.36
10.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.25
California Verbal Learning Task (CVLT) Long Delay Free Recall
Week 8
12.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.08
13.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.14

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The CVLT is a word list recall task that can be used to test immediate and delayed verbal memory. Short delay free recall is immediately after learning lists. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 16 and a higher score represents better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
CVLT Short Delay Free Recall
Week 8
12.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.15
11.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.93
CVLT Short Delay Free Recall
Baseline
11.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.08
10.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.91

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The BVRT tests figural memory by testing memory for a line drawing. The minimum score is 0. The scoring used is total correct, the maximum score is 10, and a higher score represents better performance. The total score is reported.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Benton Visual Retention Task (BVRT) Total Score
Baseline
8.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.58
6.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.07
Benton Visual Retention Task (BVRT) Total Score
Week 8
9.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.58
5.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.51

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The Prospective Memory test is a test of everyday memory where participants are given instructions for 3 tasks that will occur later on during the testing session. The minimum score is 0. The maximum score is 12 points, a higher score represents better performance, and the total score is reported

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Prospective Memory
Baseline
10.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.53
5.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.97
Prospective Memory
Week 8
10.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.0
8.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.72

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Participants were given a letter and asked to say aloud as many words as they could think of beginning with that letter. The three letters were F, A, and S, and the participant had one minute per letter to list words. The total score reported is the sum of the correct words generated for all three letters. Although there is no set maximum score, based on published data, it was anticipated that scores could range from 1 to no more than 120. A higher value reflects better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Verbal Fluency (Letters)
Baseline
48.67 number of correct words generated
Standard Deviation 16.50
42.67 number of correct words generated
Standard Deviation 9.56
Verbal Fluency (Letters)
Week 8
46.33 number of correct words generated
Standard Deviation 12.58
41.33 number of correct words generated
Standard Deviation 7.66

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Participants were given one minute to say aloud as many fruits as possible and one minute to list as many vegetables as possible. The total score reported is the sum of all correct fruits and vegetables listed. Although there is no set maximum score, it was anticipated that scores could range from 0 to no more than 60. A higher value reflects better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Verbal Fluency Score (Fruits and Vegetables)
Baseline
31.0 number of correct fruits and vegetables
Standard Deviation 4.36
28.67 number of correct fruits and vegetables
Standard Deviation 8.62
Verbal Fluency Score (Fruits and Vegetables)
Week 8
32.67 number of correct fruits and vegetables
Standard Deviation 7.23
29.17 number of correct fruits and vegetables
Standard Deviation 8.28

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Participants listened to a sequence of two to nine numbers and were asked to repeat each sequence back to the tester in the same order the numbers were presented. The outcome measure reported here is the total number of correct responses (range of scores 0-9). Higher scores reflect better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Digit Span Forward Total Correct
Baseline
8.0 number of correct responses
Standard Deviation 0.0
7.5 number of correct responses
Standard Deviation 0.55
Digit Span Forward Total Correct
Week 8
7.67 number of correct responses
Standard Deviation 2.08
7.67 number of correct responses
Standard Deviation 2.07

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

Participants listened to a sequence of two to nine numbers and were asked to repeat each sequence back to the tester in reverse order. The outcome measure reported here is the longest span of numbers recalled (range of scores 0-9). Higher scores reflect better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Digit Span Backward Total Correct
Week 8
6.0 span of numbers recalled
Standard Deviation 1.0
5.33 span of numbers recalled
Standard Deviation 2.07
Digit Span Backward Total Correct
Baseline
4.0 span of numbers recalled
Standard Deviation 1.73
4.67 span of numbers recalled
Standard Deviation 0.82

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The Finger Tapping test assesses fine motor speed by asking participants to tap a button as many times as possible. Seven trials were administered. The highest and lowest scores were dropped, and the reported score is the average of the remaining 5 trials. Results for the dominant hand are reported here. There is no set maximum score. However, published averages for women in this age range suggest that a value over 57 would be highly unusual. A higher value (more taps) is better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Finger Tapping Score--Dominant Hand
Baseline
40.47 number of taps
Standard Deviation 4.65
43.53 number of taps
Standard Deviation 6.45
Finger Tapping Score--Dominant Hand
Week 8
40.27 number of taps
Standard Deviation 2.25
44.07 number of taps
Standard Deviation 5.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The Finger Tapping test assesses fine motor speed by asking participants to tap a button as many times as possible. Seven trials were administered. The highest and lowest scores were dropped, and the reported score is the average of the remaining 5 trials. Results for the non-dominant hand are reported here. There is no set maximum score. However, published averages for women in this age range suggest that a value over 57 would be highly unusual. A higher value (more taps) is better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Finger Tapping Score--Non-Dominant Hand
Baseline
39.4 number of taps
Standard Deviation 4.1
38.2 number of taps
Standard Deviation 5.6
Finger Tapping Score--Non-Dominant Hand
Week 8
42.7 number of taps
Standard Deviation 3.5
41.7 number of taps
Standard Deviation 6.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Population: Results only reported for subjects who completed study.

The Card Rotations Test is used to assess the ability to mentally rotate figures in space. The test has two parts, each of which last 3 minutes. During each part, the participant is given a sheet of paper with 10 simple geometric figures. Next to each figure is a row of 8 similar figures. Participants are asked to mark whether each of the figures in the row is the same or different than the first figure in the row. The score reported is the number of correct responses. The minimum score is 0. The maximum possible score is 160 and a higher score reflects better performance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=3 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=6 Participants
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Card Rotations Test Score
Baseline
76.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.59
90.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.60
Card Rotations Test Score
Week 8
89.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.86
97.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.71

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

Population: This outcome should have been separated into many other outcomes. So we have separated out all the scores and results will be reported in the other separated memory and executive function score outcomes. No results will be reported in this outcome. Also, rather than "change in", results will be reported as mean/standard deviation in the other outcomes.

A battery of cognitive tasks will be administered before and after estrogen administration. Composite z-scores will be calculated by calculating a z-score for each cognitive task and summing z-scores from -5 (low) to 5 (high) for the tasks designated as short-term memory and executive function.Higher scores denotes better outcomes.

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Attained from a T2-weighted FLAIR image, an indicator of small-vessel disease correlated with diabetes status and hypertension

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8

Attained from a susceptibility-weighted image

Outcome measures

Outcome data not reported

Adverse Events

Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 7 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Post Menopausal Women Without Diabetes
n=4 participants at risk
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women without type 2 diabetes. Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Post Menopausal Women With Diabetes
n=8 participants at risk
8-week administration of transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara) patch in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes Estradiol patch: transdermal 17β-estradiol patch
Vascular disorders
Elevated Blood Pressure
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
0.00%
0/8 • 8 weeks
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Started Period-Like Bleeding/Spotting
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
62.5%
5/8 • Number of events 6 • 8 weeks
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Breast Tenderness/Soreness
50.0%
2/4 • Number of events 2 • 8 weeks
25.0%
2/8 • Number of events 2 • 8 weeks
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Cramping
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
Product Issues
Itching Around Drug Patch
25.0%
1/4 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
Infections and infestations
Pneumonia
0.00%
0/4 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
Gastrointestinal disorders
Diarrhea
0.00%
0/4 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
Reproductive system and breast disorders
Vaginal Dryness
0.00%
0/4 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Fall at Home
0.00%
0/4 • 8 weeks
12.5%
1/8 • Number of events 1 • 8 weeks

Additional Information

Christina Hugenschmidt, PhD

Wake Forest University Health Science

Phone: 336.713.4190

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place