Trial Outcomes & Findings for Developing an Online Therapeutic Intervention for Chronic Pain in Veterans (NCT NCT03655132)

NCT ID: NCT03655132

Last Updated: 2025-02-20

Results Overview

The SUS is a 10-item measure, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from Strongly Disagree (1) to Strongly Agree (5), that assesses human-computer interaction. The SUS generates a subjective evaluation score using a globally accepted scale and to understand if the system in its current form is sufficiently usable. To calculate the SUS score, first sum the score contributions from each item. Each item's score contribution will range from 0 to 4. For items 1,3,5,7,and 9 the score contribution is the scale position minus 1. For items 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the contribution is 5 minus the scale position. Multiply the sum of the scores by 2.5 to obtain the overall value of system usability. SUS scores have a range of 0 to 100, with higher scores suggesting greater system usability. A SUS score above 58 is regarded as above average, and a SUS score above 80 is regarded as high and a score above which participants are likely to recommend the product to friends.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

42 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Post-Intervention, at 8 weeks for VACT-CP group only

Results posted on

2025-02-20

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Overall Study
STARTED
22
20
Overall Study
COMPLETED
20
17
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
2
3

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
2
1
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1
Overall Study
Withdrawn prior to intervention due to physical impairment interfering with study participation
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Developing an Online Therapeutic Intervention for Chronic Pain in Veterans

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Total
n=42 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
56.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.6 • n=5 Participants
50.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 16.6 • n=7 Participants
53.7 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.2 • n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · Men
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
34 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender · Women
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
38 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
20 Participants
n=5 Participants
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
35 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
High school diploma/GED
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
Some college, no degree
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
Associate's degree (2 year)
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
Bachelor's degree (4 year)
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
Master's degree
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
Education Level
Doctoral degree
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Post-Intervention, at 8 weeks for VACT-CP group only

Population: Usability scores only reported for participants randomized to VACT-CP group only, i.e., using the online program who completed the Week 7 survey, n = 17 (due to 1 participant withdrawn prior to using VACT-CP program and 2 LTF).

The SUS is a 10-item measure, scored on a 5-point Likert scale from Strongly Disagree (1) to Strongly Agree (5), that assesses human-computer interaction. The SUS generates a subjective evaluation score using a globally accepted scale and to understand if the system in its current form is sufficiently usable. To calculate the SUS score, first sum the score contributions from each item. Each item's score contribution will range from 0 to 4. For items 1,3,5,7,and 9 the score contribution is the scale position minus 1. For items 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10, the contribution is 5 minus the scale position. Multiply the sum of the scores by 2.5 to obtain the overall value of system usability. SUS scores have a range of 0 to 100, with higher scores suggesting greater system usability. A SUS score above 58 is regarded as above average, and a SUS score above 80 is regarded as high and a score above which participants are likely to recommend the product to friends.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=17 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
System Usability Scale (SUS)
79.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

Population: Only participants who assigned to the VACT-CP group and using the online program were analyzed to review whether their baseline and/or post-intervention scores on intrinsic motivation to use, perceived ease of use, usefulness of the VACT-CP system correlated with their actual use of the website (i.e., number of modules completed).

The usability survey items are drawn from a questionnaire developed by Wilson and Lankton (2004) to measure a range of health information technology areas. Each item is scored on a 5 point Likert scale where 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree, with an average calculated for each scale ranging from 1 to 5. For the current study, 3 subscales were used: Intrinsic Motivation Scale, Perceived Ease of Use Scale, and Perceived Usefulness: For each scale respectively, higher scores indicating greater levels of motivation, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Usability Survey
Baseline Perceived Ease of Use Subscale Score
4.08 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .61
Usability Survey
Post Perceived Ease of Use Subscale Score
3.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.05
Usability Survey
Baseline Intrinsic Motivation Subscale Score
3.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .77
Usability Survey
Post- Intrinsic Motivation Subscale Score
3.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.04
Usability Survey
Baseline Perceived Usefulness Subscale Score
3.625 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .68
Usability Survey
Post- Perceived Usefulness Subscale Score
3.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation .10

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

Population: Full study sample (intent-to-treat sample) with all randomized participants analyzed.

A 19-item inventory that assesses patient's ability to engage in functional activities related to daily living that may be impacted by pain interference, with the scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 10 (all the time). The scale provides a total score based on the summation of 6 subscales: Pain (1 item, range 0 to 10); Mobility (4 items; range 0 to 40); ADL (4 items, range 0 to 40); Vitality (3 items, range 0 to 30); Negative Affect (5 items, range 0 to 50); and Fear (2 items, range 0 to 20). Scores range from 0 to 190, with higher scores on the POQ-VA indicate higher levels of pain interfering with quality of life.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Pain Outcomes Questionnaire - VA (POQ - VA)
Baseline POQ total score
88 score on scale
Interval 69.5 to 102.0
93 score on scale
Interval 76.0 to 108.5
Pain Outcomes Questionnaire - VA (POQ - VA)
Post-Intervention POQ total score
83 score on scale
Interval 73.75 to 96.0
92.5 score on scale
Interval 70.5 to 108.75

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

A 20-item survey measuring recognition of pain as not negating the ability to live valued, meaningful life. The survey also includes two subscales: the Activity Engagement subscale (11 items, range 0 to 77) and Pain Willingness (9 items, range 0 to 63). To score the total CPAQ, add the items for Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness together. Scores range from 0 to 140, with higher scores indicate higher levels of pain acceptance.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)
Baseline CPAQ total score
80 score on a scale
Interval 69.3 to 91.0
66 score on a scale
Interval 58.0 to 81.8
The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)
Post-CPAQ total score
82 score on a scale
Interval 70.5 to 90.0
80 score on a scale
Interval 67.3 to 85.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

A 62-item self-report measure of experiential avoidance, including subscales on Behavioral Avoidance (11 items, range 11 to 66), Distress Aversion (13 items, range 13 to 78), Procrastination (7 items, range 7 to 42), Distraction \& Suppression (7 items, range 7 to 42), Repression \& Denial (13 items, range 13 to 78), and Distress Endurance (11 items, range 11 to 66). The scale for all items ranges from 1 (strong disagree) to 6 (strongly agree). Greater scores within each subscale indicate greater levels of the named construct, e.g. behavioral avoidance. The current study utilized the behavioral avoidance subscale with total scores ranging from 11 to 66 (example item: "I won't do something if I think it will make me uncomfortable").

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ)
Baseline MEAQ-Behavioral Avoidance
32 score on a scale
Interval 24.0 to 42.25
36.5 score on a scale
Interval 26.5 to 45.0
Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ)
Post- MEAQ Behavioral Avoidance
32.5 score on a scale
Interval 27.5 to 42.25
39.5 score on a scale
Interval 36.0 to 44.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

A 12-item self-report measure of the extent to which one is living in accordance with their values in areas such as work, health, and family, which is related to lower perceived disability and pain-related anxiety, as well as greater reported patient functioning even in the context of high levels of pain. Respondents rate each item on a scale from 0 (not at all important /successful) to 5 (extremely important / successful). Two primary scores are obtained in scoring the CPVI - an Importance subscale (6 items, range 0 to 6) and a Success subscale (6 items, range 0 to 6). Using these two scales, a mean discrepancy rating, or the mean of the differences between importance and success (score range 0 to 6), with higher scores indicating greater discrepancy between importance and success. For the current study, the discrepancy score (CPVI-D) was used.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
The Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI)
Baseline CPVI-D score
1.8 score on a scale
Interval 0.8 to 2.7
1.8 score on a scale
Interval 1.0 to 2.5
The Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI)
Post- CPVI-D score
1.8 score on a scale
Interval 0.8 to 2.4
1.5 score on a scale
Interval 0.7 to 2.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Through study completion (pre and post), on average 8 weeks

The Veteran will be asked to rate their current level of pain using a 11-item pain intensity scale from 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (extreme pain). This is a single-item score, which ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater levels of reported pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
n=22 Participants
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=20 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Pain Numeric Rating Scale
Baseline Pain NRS Score
7 score on a scale
Interval 6.0 to 8.0
7.5 score on a scale
Interval 6.0 to 8.8
Pain Numeric Rating Scale
Post- Pain NRS Score
7.5 score on a scale
Interval 5.0 to 8.3
7 score on a scale
Interval 5.3 to 9.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Post-intervention measure (average 8 weeks after baseline)

Population: Descriptive CSQ-8 estimates reported for VACT-CP group participants who were successfully randomized and completed measure at Week 7, post-intervention (n=17).

This 8-item scale produces a single total score, with higher scores indicating greater levels of global satisfaction, perceived quality, and effectiveness of a treatment. Individual items are rated on a scale from 1 (low satisfaction) to 4 (high satisfaction), with the total CSQ-8 score obtained by adding the items answered together, with scores ranging from 8 to 32 and higher scores indicating greater levels of satisfaction with a treatment program.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Waitlist Control Group
Veterans in the waitlist control will be provided with a list of common pain resources at the Bedford VAMC.
VACT-CP Group
n=17 Participants
Veterans randomized to VACT-CP will receive 7 online-module based weekly sessions of treatment via personal computer or provided tablet with wireless accessibility at the Bedford VAMC. Veteran Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Seven online modules based on the theoretical framework of ACT for chronic pain, provided as weekly sessions that will feature an ECA (virtual therapist) as a treatment guide. The initial module is devoted to an explanation of the treatment rationale, initial psychoeducation on pain-related symptoms, pain interference, and focal concepts of ACT, and assessment of individual pain symptoms. Modules 2-4 will focus on values clarification, acceptance and willingness, mindfulness, with an emphasis on tolerance of pain-related experiences. Modules 5-7 will continue to this focus, and incorporate goal-creation and committed action exercises. Module 8 will consolidate and provide feedback on goal-related achievements, and will focus on planning for the future.
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (CSQ-8)
23.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.2

Adverse Events

Waitlist Control Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

VACT-CP Group

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Erin D. Reilly

VA Bedford Healthcare System

Phone: 781-724-4191

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place