Trial Outcomes & Findings for Comparison of Pre-op and Post-op Pectoralis Nerve Block (NCT NCT03653988)

Last Updated: 2024-08-16

Results Overview

The primary outcome to be assessed is to determine if there is a quantitative difference in post-operative pain scores as a result of the administration of a pre-operative PECS I/II block versus the administration of an intra-operative PECS I/II block (Post mastectomy but prior to breast reconstruction). The visual analog scale is a unidimensional measure of pain used in a diverse adult population. The numeric values are on a continuous scale from 0 to 10 with 0 indicating no pain, 5 being moderate pain and 10 as intense pain.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

34 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

upon arrival to the recovery room after leaving the operating room

Results posted on

2024-08-16

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Overall Study STARTED	17	17
Overall Study COMPLETED	17	17
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Comparison of Pre-op and Post-op Pectoralis Nerve Block

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).	Total n=34 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	16 Participants n=5 Participants	16 Participants n=7 Participants	32 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	44 years n=5 Participants	44 years n=7 Participants	44 years n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	17 Participants n=5 Participants	17 Participants n=7 Participants	34 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	17 Participants n=5 Participants	15 Participants n=7 Participants	32 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	17 participants n=5 Participants	17 participants n=7 Participants	34 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: upon arrival to the recovery room after leaving the operating room

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Pain Score Assessment Using a Visual Analog Scale-Immediately Post-surgery	1.6 units on a scale Interval 0.3 to 3.0	2.3 units on a scale Interval 1.1 to 3.6

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 1 post surgery

Using electronic patient communications, the investigators will ask patients to report their average pain using a numeric values. The numeric values are on a continuous scale from 0 to 10 with 0 indicating no pain, 5 being moderate pain and 10 as intense pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Pain Score Assessment-Post-operative Day 1	3.1 units on a scale Interval 2.1 to 4.2	2.7 units on a scale Interval 1.6 to 3.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 3 post surgery

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=15 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=16 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Pain Score Assessment-Post-operative Day 3	2.5 units on a scale Interval 1.5 to 3.5	2.1 units on a scale Interval 1.0 to 3.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Day 7 post surgery

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=15 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=16 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Pain Score Assessment-Post-operative Day 7	1.8 units on a scale Interval 0.7 to 2.8	1.9 units on a scale Interval 0.8 to 2.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Approximately day 14 post surgery

When the patient returns to visit with their surgeon approximately 14 days after their surgical procedure, using the visual analog scale the subjects will report their average pain score. The numeric values are on a continuous scale from 0 to 10 with 0 indicating no pain, 5 being moderate pain and 10 as intense pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=15 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=16 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Pain Score Assessment Using a Visual Analog Scale-Post-operative Surgical Recheck.	1.7 units on a scale Interval 0.6 to 2.7	1.2 units on a scale Interval 0.2 to 2.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: PACU (from time patient left operating room until patient is discharged from the recovery area to in-patient unit). The time limit for this is generally 60-90 minutes

The investigators will report the amount of narcotics required (converted to morphine units) to provide pain relief to subjects.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Measure the Amount of Narcotics Use to Control Pain.	7.5 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 33.0	8.0 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 40.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: In-patient (from time patient arrives to in-patient unit from the recovery room until discharged home). Generally this was around 24 hours

The investigators will report the amount of narcotics required (converted to morphine units) to provide pain relief to subjects.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Measure the Amount of Narcotics Use to Control Pain (In-patient)	30 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 75.8	25.5 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 90.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Intra-operative (narcotics given during the operating room time)

The investigators will report the amount of narcotics required (converted to morphine units) to provide pain relief to subjects.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 Participants The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Measure the Amount of Narcotics Use to Control Pain (Intra-op)	42 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 254.0	42.4 Morphine Milligram Equivalents Interval 0.0 to 108.0

Adverse Events

PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 6 other events

Deaths: 17 deaths

PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 3 other events

Deaths: 17 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 participants at risk The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 participants at risk The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Local Anesthetic Toxicity	0.00% 0/17 • Information collection on adverse events were collected over the first 14 days post-operative	0.00% 0/17 • Information collection on adverse events were collected over the first 14 days post-operative

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure	PEC I/II Block - Pre-operative n=17 participants at risk The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction case. The intervention administered to Group I will having the block performed by the anesthesiologist after induction of general anesthesia and prior to surgical incision. PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative: PEC I/II blocks by anesthesiologist - pre-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II). Group I will have the PEC block administered by the anesthesiologist prior to surgical incision.	PEC I/II Block - Intra-operative n=17 participants at risk The current standard of care at the University of Iowa is to receive a pectoralis nerve block (PEC I/II) prior to surgery for mastectomy and reconstruction cases. Group II will have the block administered by the surgeon after mastectomy is performed and before reconstruction. PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative: PEC I/II blocks by surgeon - intra-operative; PEC I/II block to anesthetize the pectoral, intercostobrachial, third to sixth intercostal and long thoracic nerves. The PEC I/II blocks are pectoralis field blocks where local anesthetic medication is injected under ultrasound guidance between the tissue planes of pectoralis major and minor muscles (PECS I) and in the plane of the serratus anterior muscle at the level of the third rib (PEC II).
Surgical and medical procedures Vomiting	35.3% 6/17 • Number of events 6 • Information collection on adverse events were collected over the first 14 days post-operative	17.6% 3/17 • Number of events 3 • Information collection on adverse events were collected over the first 14 days post-operative

Additional Information

Melinda Seering, M.D.

University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Phone: (319) 384-8466

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place