Trial Outcomes & Findings for Singing Your Negative Body-Related Thoughts (NCT NCT03646305)
NCT ID: NCT03646305
Last Updated: 2021-05-11
Results Overview
Participants rated the believability of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater believability of this negative thought.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
133 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)
Results posted on
2021-05-11
Participant Flow
Participants were recruited from the Undergraduate Research Participant Pool of students enrolled in Introduction to Psychology at York University. Participants were individuals who reported restrained eating behaviours and attitudes as determined by an eligibility screener conducted online at the start of the academic year (September 2018).
All participants who were enrolled in this study were assigned to a condition.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
32
|
35
|
33
|
33
|
|
Overall Study
Received Treatment
|
31
|
35
|
32
|
32
|
|
Overall Study
No Treatment Recieved
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
27
|
33
|
31
|
31
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
5
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
|
4
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
Baseline Characteristics
BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=32 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=35 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
Total
n=133 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
20.70 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.10 • n=32 Participants
|
20.49 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.42 • n=35 Participants
|
19.66 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 • n=33 Participants
|
22.66 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.22 • n=33 Participants
|
20.87 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.11 • n=133 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
|
32 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
35 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
133 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Arab/West Asian
|
7 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Black
|
2 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · East Asian
|
2 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Latin American
|
2 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · South Asian
|
5 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · South East Asian
|
2 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · White
|
9 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
42 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Mixed
|
2 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Other
|
0 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Declined to response
|
1 Participants
n=32 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=35 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=33 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=133 Participants
|
|
Restrained Eating
|
21.65 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.27 • n=32 Participants
|
19.55 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.15 • n=35 Participants
|
23.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.06 • n=33 Participants
|
20.68 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.20 • n=33 Participants
|
21.23 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.12 • n=133 Participants
|
|
Body Mass Index (BMI)
|
26.17 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.41 • n=27 Participants • BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
|
24.79 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.20 • n=33 Participants • BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
|
26.89 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.63 • n=31 Participants • BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
|
24.59 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.27 • n=31 Participants • BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
|
25.59 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.69 • n=122 Participants • BMI was not collected from participants who dropped out.
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated the believability of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater believability of this negative thought.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Believability)
Post-intervention
|
61.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.93
|
62.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.80
|
65.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.01
|
55.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.88
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Believability)
Baseline
|
78.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.01
|
77.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.47
|
83.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.97
|
74.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.42
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Believability)
Follow-up
|
53.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.44
|
46.94 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.15
|
53.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.02
|
45.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.30
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-Up (Day 7)Participants rated the negativity of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that the negative thought is perceived to be more negative.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Negativity)
Post-intervention
|
70.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.22
|
68.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.30
|
66.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.26
|
59.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.99
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Negativity)
Baseline
|
68.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.04
|
75.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.22
|
71.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.07
|
71.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.67
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Negativity)
Follow-up
|
66.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.52
|
65.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.21
|
48.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.00
|
47.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.38
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated the discomfort of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that the thought is perceived to be more uncomfortable.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Discomfort)
Baseline
|
79.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.73
|
63.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.62
|
74.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.61
|
69.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.77
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Discomfort)
Post-intervention
|
59.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.55
|
54.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.19
|
53.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.49
|
54.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.75
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Discomfort)
Follow-up
|
51.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.84
|
46.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.20
|
42.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.06
|
41.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.96
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their willingness to have their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means that they are more willing to have the thought.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Willingness)
Follow-up
|
55.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.54
|
50.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.92
|
45.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.24
|
48.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.94
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Willingness)
Baseline
|
61.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.05
|
62.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.87
|
65.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.83
|
60.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.29
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Willingness)
Post-intervention
|
52.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.49
|
55.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.04
|
53.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.72
|
58.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.10
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their avoidance of their body-related thought on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater avoidance of the thought.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Avoidance)
Baseline
|
59.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 35.30
|
50.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.73
|
44.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.93
|
51.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.95
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Avoidance)
Post-intervention
|
53.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 34.13
|
52.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 36.92
|
46.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.41
|
45.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.50
|
|
Self-Ratings of Thought Appraisals (Avoidance)
Follow-up
|
56.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.38
|
39.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.97
|
36.87 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.38
|
36.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.14
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Follow-up (Day 7)The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire includes 7 items measured on a 7 item Likert scale and will be used to measure changes in cognitive fusion. Higher scores indicate higher degree of cognitive fusion. Total scores can range from 7 to 49.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Cognitive Fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire)
Baseline
|
36.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.55
|
32.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.59
|
33.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.03
|
31.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.17
|
|
Self-Ratings of Cognitive Fusion (Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire)
Follow-Up
|
33.30 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.84
|
32.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.19
|
32.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.85
|
29.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.94
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their weight dissatisfaction on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater weight dissatisfaction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Weight Dissatisfaction)
Baseline
|
59.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.28
|
71.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.22
|
66.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.09
|
68.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.11
|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Weight Dissatisfaction)
Post-intervention
|
51.70 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.13
|
62.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.05
|
50.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.03
|
58.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.07
|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Weight Dissatisfaction)
Follow-Up
|
49.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.52
|
52.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.04
|
45.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.52
|
50.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.84
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their appearance dissatisfaction on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater appearance dissatisfaction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Appearance Dissatisfaction)
Baseline
|
55.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.77
|
58.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.63
|
47.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.88
|
50.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.90
|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Appearance Dissatisfaction)
Post-intervention
|
51.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.79
|
57.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.12
|
50.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.00
|
50.87 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 33.27
|
|
Self-Ratings of Body Image Cognitions (Appearance Dissatisfaction)
Follow-up
|
51.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.01
|
46.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.78
|
35.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.47
|
44.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.46
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)The Body Image State Scale was used as part of a standard questionnaire package to measure changes in body image cognitions. Participants rated 6 items on a 9-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 9, for a possible total score of 6 to 54, with higher scores indicating greater body image satisfaction (i.e. positive body image).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-ratings of Body Image Distress (Body Image State Scale)
Baseline
|
26.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.38
|
25.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.12
|
25.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.25
|
24.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.75
|
|
Self-ratings of Body Image Distress (Body Image State Scale)
Post-intervention
|
27.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.35
|
26.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.60
|
27.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.96
|
26.32 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.56
|
|
Self-ratings of Body Image Distress (Body Image State Scale)
Follow-up
|
29.12 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.28
|
28.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.96
|
30.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.75
|
30.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.38
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their anxiety on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater anxiety.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Anxiety)
Baseline
|
51.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.39
|
49.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.14
|
37.94 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.87
|
52.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.44
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Anxiety)
Post-intervention
|
43.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.08
|
32.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.25
|
27.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.83
|
39.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.81
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Anxiety)
Follow-up
|
41.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.81
|
35.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.28
|
26.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.78
|
37.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.47
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their depressive mood on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater depressive mood.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Depression)
Baseline
|
30.76 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.93
|
27.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.52
|
25.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.88
|
36.94 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.77
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Depression)
Post-intervention
|
27.12 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.57
|
21.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.26
|
19.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.18
|
23.84 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.07
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Depression)
Follow-up
|
26.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.00
|
25.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.61
|
19.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.46
|
27.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.76
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their happiness on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater happy mood.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Happiness)
Baseline
|
57.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.68
|
54.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.10
|
52.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.15
|
51.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.81
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Happiness)
Post-intervention
|
50.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 30.82
|
53.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.47
|
57.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.56
|
55.84 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.64
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Happiness)
Follow-up
|
50.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.98
|
49.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.54
|
55.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.72
|
49.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.36
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline, Post-Intervention (Day 1), and Follow-up (Day 7)Participants rated their confidence on a visual analogue scale that ranges from 0-100. Higher scores means greater confidence.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Confidence)
Baseline
|
48.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.37
|
40.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.38
|
47.77 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.97
|
42.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 22.61
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Confidence)
Post-intervention
|
42.12 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 31.34
|
37.30 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.72
|
52.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 32.67
|
45.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.95
|
|
Self-Ratings of Mood (Confidence)
Follow-up
|
46.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.14
|
43.81 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 25.87
|
50.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 28.09
|
47.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 27.09
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline and Follow-up (Day 7)The State Self Esteem Scale is a 20-item measure used to assess changes in state self esteem, rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Total scores can range from 5 to 100. Higher scores indicate higher self-esteem.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Ratings of Self-Esteem (State Self Esteem Scale)
Follow-up
|
64.52 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.30
|
61.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.13
|
65.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.24
|
62.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.48
|
|
Self-Ratings of Self-Esteem (State Self Esteem Scale)
Baseline
|
62.36 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.60
|
58.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.73
|
59.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.15
|
58.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.90
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Homework completion across seven days (14 time points)Population: Many homework log entries were missing due to failure to return the forms, forgetting to fill out the form, or not practicing. As such, 61 of 122 participants provided enough data to be included in this homework compliance analysis.
Homework adherence was determined by the total number of seconds spent practicing the defusion technique over the course of the week. There is no total scale range available for this measure.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=12 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=13 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=16 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=20 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Rating of Homework Adherence (Homework Adherence Questionnaire)
|
32.64 seconds per week
Standard Deviation 8.25
|
29.79 seconds per week
Standard Deviation 1.07
|
29.81 seconds per week
Standard Deviation 1.43
|
32.24 seconds per week
Standard Deviation 6.10
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: BaselineThe Thought-Shape Fusion Questionnaire was used to assess the extent to which thinking about a forbidden food or behaviour produces a change in one's perception of their body shape and weight. It is a 34-item measure that asks participants to rate how well an item describes them on a 5 point Likert scale from 0 to 4. Total scores can range from 0 to 136, with higher scores indicating greater fusion to body- or food-related thoughts.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
n=33 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants repeat a target unwanted thought out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
n=27 Participants
A cognitive defusion strategy in which participants sing a target unwanted thought to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
Cognitive Defusion: Cognitive defusion aims to change one's relationship to their thoughts - as opposed to changing the content, form, or frequency - by reframing internal experiences as less threatening (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda, \& Lillis, 2006). It is the process of detaching the link between one's thoughts and perceptions of reality and acknowledging the role one's thoughts play in their internal events. A number of techniques have been developed to remove the literal quality of such thoughts, including repeating the thought, and, more recently, singing the thought.
|
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants repeat the phrase "I am talking" out loud and as quickly as possible for 60 seconds.
|
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
n=31 Participants
A control condition in which participants sing the phrase "I am singing" to the tune of 'twinkle, twinkle' for 60 seconds
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Self-Rating of Thought-Shape Fusion (Thought-Shape Fusion Questionnaire)
|
43.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 37.70
|
45.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 39.79
|
32.77 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 29.94
|
35.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.18
|
Adverse Events
Verbally Repeat Body-related Thoughts
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sing Negative Body-related Thoughts
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Verbally Repeat Body-unrelated Thoughts
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Sing Body-unrelated Thoughts
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place