Trial Outcomes & Findings for Bingocize: A Novel Mobile Application for Older Adult Health (NCT NCT03629912)

NCT ID: NCT03629912

Last Updated: 2024-03-12

Results Overview

Flanker Task designed to measure inhibition, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References section). EXAMINER generates a score that combines reaction time and accuracy data from the incongruent trials. This scoring method generates accuracy and reaction time sub-scales that range in value between 0 and 5, and the ultimate composite score ranges in value between 0 and 10. Minimum=0, Maximum=10, higher = better.

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 241 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks
• Results posted on: 2024-03-12

Participant Flow

Twelve participants expressed interest but were then excluded prior to assignment to an arm or group due to failing to meet inclusion criteria. Ten participants expressed interest but then prior to assignment to an arm or group, elected to withdraw.

Unit of analysis: Senior Center Facility

Participant milestones

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Overall Study STARTED	73 7	53 5	50 4	43 4
Overall Study COMPLETED	44 7	40 5	41 4	39 4
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	29 0	13 0	9 0	4 0

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	19	7	5	1
Overall Study Withdrawal by Subject	6	0	1	2
Overall Study Illness or Injury Unrelated to Research Study	3	6	3	1
Overall Study Death	1	0	0	0

Baseline Characteristics

Bingocize: A Novel Mobile Application for Older Adult Health

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=73 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=53 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=50 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=43 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.	Total n=219 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	72.47 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.28 • n=5 Participants	71.84 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.71 • n=7 Participants	75.04 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.64 • n=5 Participants	70.18 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.21 • n=4 Participants	72.46 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.37 • n=21 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	63 Participants n=5 Participants	48 Participants n=7 Participants	39 Participants n=5 Participants	42 Participants n=4 Participants	192 Participants n=21 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	10 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	11 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=4 Participants	27 Participants n=21 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	2 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	3 Participants n=21 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	63 Participants n=5 Participants	49 Participants n=7 Participants	39 Participants n=5 Participants	40 Participants n=4 Participants	191 Participants n=21 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	8 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	11 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=4 Participants	25 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	1 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	1 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	3 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	19 Participants n=5 Participants	16 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	11 Participants n=4 Participants	46 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	53 Participants n=5 Participants	33 Participants n=7 Participants	49 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=4 Participants	167 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	2 Participants n=21 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=21 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	73 participants n=5 Participants	53 participants n=7 Participants	50 participants n=5 Participants	43 participants n=4 Participants	219 participants n=21 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Flanker Task designed to measure inhibition, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References section). EXAMINER generates a score that combines reaction time and accuracy data from the incongruent trials. This scoring method generates accuracy and reaction time sub-scales that range in value between 0 and 5, and the ultimate composite score ranges in value between 0 and 10.

Minimum=0, Maximum=10, higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Executive Function Inhibition Measure 1: Flanker Task Baseline	7.30 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.41	7.39 score on a scale Standard Deviation 0.95	7.38 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.18	7.51 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.21
Executive Function Inhibition Measure 1: Flanker Task Post-Intervention	7.66 score on a scale Standard Deviation .80	7.54 score on a scale Standard Deviation .78	7.63 score on a scale Standard Deviation .79	7.86 score on a scale Standard Deviation .62

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Dot Counting Task designed to measure verbal working memory, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References). EXAMINER generates a score is the total number of items correctly recalled across all six trials.

Minimum=0, Maximum=27, higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=43 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Executive Function Measure: Updating Verbal Working Memory Baseline	21.60 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.83	22.42 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.43	22.50 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.00	21.69 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.36
Executive Function Measure: Updating Verbal Working Memory Post Intervention	22.56 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.28	22.87 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.13	22.15 units on a scale Standard Deviation 3.10	22.12 units on a scale Standard Deviation 2.44

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Set Shifting Task designed to measure attention during task switching, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References). EXAMINER generates a score that combines reaction time and accuracy data from the incongruent trials. This scoring method generates accuracy and reaction time sub-scales that range in value between 0 and 5, and the ultimate composite score ranges in value between 0 and 10.

Minimum=0, Maximum=10, higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=38 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=37 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Executive Function Measure: Set Shifting Task Baseline	6.70 score on a scale Standard Deviation .93	6.51 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.03	6.67 score on a scale Standard Deviation .94	7.05 score on a scale Standard Deviation .94
Executive Function Measure: Set Shifting Task Post-Intervention	6.86 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.07	6.82 score on a scale Standard Deviation .94	7.04 score on a scale Standard Deviation .98	7.08 score on a scale Standard Deviation 1.09

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Verbal Fluency Task designed to measure fluency, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References). EXAMINER generates a score that represents the total number of words correctly recalled in two tasks: phonemic (letter) and semantic (category).

Minimum=0, Maximum=unlimited, higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Executive Function Measure: Verbal Fluency Baseline Phonemic Fluency	9.5 number correct Standard Deviation 4.18	10.9 number correct Standard Deviation 4.39	9.04 number correct Standard Deviation 3.86	10.51 number correct Standard Deviation 4.10
Executive Function Measure: Verbal Fluency Post Intervention Phonemic Fluency	10.34 number correct Standard Deviation 5.02	9.97 number correct Standard Deviation 3.66	9.04 number correct Standard Deviation 3.91	9.25 number correct Standard Deviation 3.71
Executive Function Measure: Verbal Fluency Baseline Category Fluency	10.97 number correct Standard Deviation 4.03	11.32 number correct Standard Deviation 3.35	10.73 number correct Standard Deviation 3.02	11.28 number correct Standard Deviation 2.88
Executive Function Measure: Verbal Fluency Post Intervention Category Fluency	11.06 number correct Standard Deviation 3.70	11.62 number correct Standard Deviation 3.74	9.90 number correct Standard Deviation 3.24	10.97 number correct Standard Deviation 2.85

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

number of completed chair stands in 30 seconds, minimum=0, higher = better

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=38 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=39 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=37 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Chair Stands: Change in Lower-body Muscular Strength Baseline	10.07 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 5.24	9.28 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 4.02	9.92 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 2.30	9.94 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 2.26
Chair Stands: Change in Lower-body Muscular Strength Post Intervention	11.18 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 4.89	11.89 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 4.11	10.87 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 3.55	10.52 chair stands completed Standard Deviation 2.66

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

360 degree turns: time to complete. No minimum or maximum value set. Lower = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Change in Dynamic Balance: 360 Degree Turns Baseline	4.62 seconds Standard Deviation 2.88	4.07 seconds Standard Deviation 1.44	3.43 seconds Standard Deviation 1.15	3.37 seconds Standard Deviation .95
Change in Dynamic Balance: 360 Degree Turns Post-Intervention	4.11 seconds Standard Deviation 2.04	3.67 seconds Standard Deviation 1.57	3.53 seconds Standard Deviation 1.35	3.52 seconds Standard Deviation 1.13

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Continuance Performance Task is classic response inhibition task, part of the EXAMINER Battery (for scoring method, see References). The score here represents the number of trials out of 100 that the participant responded correctly (i.e., either successfully responded or successfully inhibited a response).

Minimum=0 Maximum=100, higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=43 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Executive Function Measure of Inhibition: Continuous Performance Test Baseline	96.76 number correct Standard Deviation 5.14	96.66 number correct Standard Deviation 4.53	97.26 number correct Standard Deviation 4.94	98.17 number correct Standard Deviation 2.02
Executive Function Measure of Inhibition: Continuous Performance Test Post Intervention	96.30 number correct Standard Deviation 6.35	97.92 number correct Standard Deviation 2.69	97.60 number correct Standard Deviation 4.38	98.43 number correct Standard Deviation 1.65

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test used to assess mobility and risk for falling. Number of seconds needed to stand up from a chair, walk 10 feet, turn around, walk back 10 feet, and sit back down in chair. No minimum or maximum value is set. Lower = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: Change in Dynamic Balance Baseline	12.58 seconds Standard Deviation 6.57	12.51 seconds Standard Deviation 4.49	11.12 seconds Standard Deviation 2.72	10.96 seconds Standard Deviation 2.98
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test: Change in Dynamic Balance Post-Intervention	12.44 seconds Standard Deviation 6.48	11.78 seconds Standard Deviation 4.72	10.49 seconds Standard Deviation 3.13	11.57 seconds Standard Deviation 2.96

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Multiple-choice questions constructed by project investigators that cover: recognition of health terms, weight management, proper diet, bone health, environmental fall risks, careful movement. Unit of measure = number correct. Minimum = 0, Maximum = 30. Higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Crystallized Knowledge of Fall Risks and Proper Diet/Nutrition Baseline	19.45 number correct Standard Deviation 3.93	19.60 number correct Standard Deviation 3.96	20.07 number correct Standard Deviation 3.93	20.12 number correct Standard Deviation 2.85
Crystallized Knowledge of Fall Risks and Proper Diet/Nutrition Post-Intervention	23.13 number correct Standard Deviation 4.30	21.67 number correct Standard Deviation 3.67	23.26 number correct Standard Deviation 4.12	20.41 number correct Standard Deviation 3.46

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Grip strength tests using a hand-held dynamometer. No minimum or maximum set. Higher = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Grip Strength: Changes in Upper Body Muscular Strength Baseline	23.34 kilograms Standard Deviation 7.34	24.15 kilograms Standard Deviation 8.79	24.00 kilograms Standard Deviation 9.60	23.56 kilograms Standard Deviation 6.34
Grip Strength: Changes in Upper Body Muscular Strength Post Intervention	24.45 kilograms Standard Deviation 8.98	24.80 kilograms Standard Deviation 7.42	24.73 kilograms Standard Deviation 9.15	24.10 kilograms Standard Deviation 6.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Self-reported scale assessing confidence in doing activities that may be perceived as having risk for falling (see References).

Minimum = 10, Maximum = 100. Lower = better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Fall Efficacy Scale Baseline	16.61 score on a scale Standard Deviation 13.12	21.00 score on a scale Standard Deviation 20.39	19.58 score on a scale Standard Deviation 21.63	15.13 score on a scale Standard Deviation 14.22
Fall Efficacy Scale Post Intervention	17.68 score on a scale Standard Deviation 18.48	20.32 score on a scale Standard Deviation 23.46	15.65 score on a scale Standard Deviation 16.42	15.12 score on a scale Standard Deviation 15.69

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ) assessing total added sugar intake over past 30 days

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Changes in Dietary Habits: Total Added Sugar Intake Baseline	13.46 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 2.72	14.07 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 5.30	14.94 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 6.06	14.09 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 3.62
Changes in Dietary Habits: Total Added Sugar Intake Post Intervention	13.28 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 4.53	13.32 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 3.89	14.46 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 5.10	13.79 tsp equivalents Standard Deviation 3.02

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

CDC Health related quality of life measure item 1 (general health). 1 = Excellent, 5 = Poor. Lower = Better.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Changes in Quality of Life Baseline	2.95 units on a scale Standard Deviation .86	2.83 units on a scale Standard Deviation .74	2.80 units on a scale Standard Deviation .92	3.00 units on a scale Standard Deviation .72
Changes in Quality of Life Post-Intervention	2.86 units on a scale Standard Deviation .82	2.93 units on a scale Standard Deviation .79	2.83 units on a scale Standard Deviation .84	3.0 units on a scale Standard Deviation .76

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Weight calculated by scale measurement

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=43 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Changes in Weight Baseline	84.19 kg Standard Deviation 22.83	87.91 kg Standard Deviation 26.60	78.11 kg Standard Deviation 14.45	86.79 kg Standard Deviation 21.82
Changes in Weight Post Intervention	84.09 kg Standard Deviation 22.11	86.83 kg Standard Deviation 22.67	80.00 kg Standard Deviation 15.93	86.27 kg Standard Deviation 21.37

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Systolic Blood pressure calculated by sphygmomanometer.

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Systolic Blood Pressure Baseline	135.23 mmHg Standard Deviation 12.99	134.03 mmHg Standard Deviation 13.97	136.12 mmHg Standard Deviation 13.64	135.18 mmHg Standard Deviation 12.42
Systolic Blood Pressure Post Intervention	136.25 mmHg Standard Deviation 16.63	143.21 mmHg Standard Deviation 10.71	141.83 mmHg Standard Deviation 19.02	141.21 mmHg Standard Deviation 22.10

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline and 12 Weeks

Diastolic Blood pressure calculated by sphygmomanometer

Outcome measures

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=44 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=40 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=41 Participants Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and/or health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=39 Participants Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
Diastolic Blood Pressure Post Intervention	77.14 mmHg Standard Deviation 9.17	79.61 mmHg Standard Deviation 11.03	77.83 mmHg Standard Deviation 10.39	79.85 mmHg Standard Deviation 9.07
Diastolic Blood Pressure Baseline	75.07 mmHg Standard Deviation 10.04	78.23 mmHg Standard Deviation 8.87	76.12 mmHg Standard Deviation 7.68	75.54 mmHg Standard Deviation 7.33

Adverse Events

Exercise + Health Education + Bingo

Serious events: 3 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 1 deaths

Exercise + Bingo

Serious events: 6 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Health Education + Bingo

Serious events: 3 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Bingo Only

Serious events: 1 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Measure	Exercise + Health Education + Bingo n=73 participants at risk Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises AND health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise and health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Exercise + Bingo n=53 participants at risk Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating exercises ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates exercise into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Health Education + Bingo n=50 participants at risk Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults. Participants use the Bingocize app incorporating health information on fall risks + diet/nutrition ONLY. Socially-Based Exercise Intervention for Older Adults: A socially-based app that incorporates health education into a format familiar and engaging to older adults, designed to improve adherence to health-promoting behaviors	Bingo Only n=43 participants at risk Participants use the Bingocize app to play bingo only.
General disorders Cancer Diagnosis	0.00% 0/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	2.3% 1/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks
Vascular disorders Aneuryism	0.00% 0/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	2.0% 1/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Wrist Fracture	1.4% 1/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks
Vascular disorders Edema	0.00% 0/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	1.9% 1/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks
General disorders Unspecified Health Issues	2.7% 2/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	7.5% 4/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	4.0% 2/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks
Vascular disorders stroke	0.00% 0/73 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	1.9% 1/53 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/50 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks	0.00% 0/43 • Twice weekly during 1 hour program sessions, for a duration of 12 weeks

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Matthew Shake

Western Kentucky University

Phone: 270-745-3918

Email: matthew.shake@wku.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place