Addressing Health Disparities in Childhood Obesity, One Summer at a Time

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

222 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-06-04

Study Completion Date

2020-04-22

Brief Summary

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Almost 50% of Native American and Hispanic children are overweight or obese by the 5th grade. Research has demonstrated that the 'obesity gap' facing minority students is largely due to summer weight gain. However, very few summer programs have been tested among these populations. To encourage summer physical activity, the CDC developed a program that partners with local businesses to provide children with a 'scorecard' of subsidized or free local activities. The program has not been tested among Hispanic or Native American children. This study aims to test the impact of the scorecard program on Body Mass Index percentile, physical activity, sedentary behavior, barriers to physical activity and self-efficacy.

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Detailed Description

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Over 50% of Native American children are overweight or obese by 5th grade, with similar rates found among Hispanics. Native American children have been estimated to have 9 times the diabetes rates of non-Hispanic Whites, suggesting an impending public health crisis without action. Recent research has demonstrated that the 'obesity gap' facing minority students is largely due to summer weight gain, with rapid increases ages 7-11. However, statewide in Arizona, only 22% of children participate in summer activities, despite 65% of parents expressing interest. Thus, we know which populations are at highest risk, at what developmental age changes occur most rapidly and that interventions are most needed in the summer, but that this need is not being met. A modest amount of research has evaluated summer programming, but almost none among Native Americans/Hispanics.

In 2004, the CDC developed a 'Summer Scorecard' intervention, a partnership with local businesses to provide children with a 'scorecard' of subsidized or free local activities. The Summer Scorecard program has not been tested among Hispanic and Native American children. Therefore, the current study propose to assess the effectiveness of the VSS among children ages 7-11 in the 4 highest risk elementary schools in the study area utilizing a randomized design. Two schools will participate in the first summer, and the remaining two children will participate in the second summer. Primary outcomes include objectively measured participation, body composition (BMI percentile), physical activity, sedentary behavior, reported barriers to physical activity and self-efficacy using survey instruments previously developed and tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is hypothesized that children participating in the summer program will increase their physical activity, self-efficacy, reduce their reported barriers to physical activity. In addition, it is hypothesized that they will show reduction in BMI percentile score compared to averages in their school and the school district.

Conditions

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Obesity, Childhood

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

SEQUENTIAL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Immediate intervention

Summer activity program: Children will receive the summer scorecard program during the first summer of the 2-year study.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Summer activity program

Intervention Type OTHER

Children receive a summer scorecard to facilitate access to local facilities for exercise.

Delayed intervention

Summer activity program: Children will receive the summer scorecard program during the second summer of the 2-year study.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Summer activity program

Intervention Type OTHER

Children receive a summer scorecard to facilitate access to local facilities for exercise.

Interventions

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Summer activity program

Children receive a summer scorecard to facilitate access to local facilities for exercise.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Children who are enrolled in one of the 4 high-risk schools in 2nd through 5th grade, whose parents/legal guardians provide consent and provide assent.