Trial Outcomes & Findings for Psychosis Screening in Juvenile Justice (NCT NCT03583073)

NCT ID: NCT03583073

Last Updated: 2024-11-27

Results Overview

Number of Participants who Used Any Outpatient Mental Health Services by Participant's Caregiver Report

• Recruitment status: COMPLETED
• Study phase: NA
• Target enrollment: 77 participants
• Primary outcome timeframe: 3-month follow-up
• Results posted on: 2024-11-27

Participant Flow

A total of 77 participants who screened positive for psychosis risk agreed to participate in the study.

Participant milestones

Measure	Standard Care/Baseline Control Standard care is the typical process of referral to mental health services for Juvenile Justice (JJ) youth who screen positive for mental heath concerns at intake. For this study, baseline control participants will be referred to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic due to their endorsement of psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Standard Care: Referral to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic	Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care The experimental condition will include a psychoeducational and motivational enhancement protocol completed at the JJS intake appointment, paired with a "warm hand-off" referral to the CSC for evaluation and initiation of mental health services. Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care: The JJ worker reviews with the family psychoeducation material about the role of mental health care in emotional/behavioral problems. The JJ intake worker will contact the CSC program directly with the family for a "warm hand-off". The CSC worker will speak with the parent and arrange for an intake evaluation. For families already receiving treatment, the CSC referral will be for consultation. Via phone, the CSC clinician will use a motivational interviewing style to encourage families to attend the appointment. Three and seven days after referral, the JJ worker will text the caregiver to see if the CSC appointment was kept. If not, the JJ worker will text the parent the CSC phone number and also ask permission to contact the CSC to assist the family in setting up another appointment.
Overall Study STARTED	45	32
Overall Study COMPLETED	37	20
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	8	12

Reasons for withdrawal

Measure	Standard Care/Baseline Control Standard care is the typical process of referral to mental health services for Juvenile Justice (JJ) youth who screen positive for mental heath concerns at intake. For this study, baseline control participants will be referred to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic due to their endorsement of psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Standard Care: Referral to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic	Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care The experimental condition will include a psychoeducational and motivational enhancement protocol completed at the JJS intake appointment, paired with a "warm hand-off" referral to the CSC for evaluation and initiation of mental health services. Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care: The JJ worker reviews with the family psychoeducation material about the role of mental health care in emotional/behavioral problems. The JJ intake worker will contact the CSC program directly with the family for a "warm hand-off". The CSC worker will speak with the parent and arrange for an intake evaluation. For families already receiving treatment, the CSC referral will be for consultation. Via phone, the CSC clinician will use a motivational interviewing style to encourage families to attend the appointment. Three and seven days after referral, the JJ worker will text the caregiver to see if the CSC appointment was kept. If not, the JJ worker will text the parent the CSC phone number and also ask permission to contact the CSC to assist the family in setting up another appointment.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	8	12

Baseline Characteristics

Psychosis Screening in Juvenile Justice

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Measure	Standard Care/Baseline Control n=37 Participants Standard care is the typical process of referral to mental health services for Juvenile Justice (JJ) youth who screen positive for mental heath concerns at intake. For this study, baseline control participants will be referred to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic due to their endorsement of psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Standard Care: Referral to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic	Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care n=20 Participants The experimental condition will include a psychoeducational and motivational enhancement protocol completed at the JJS intake appointment, paired with a "warm hand-off" referral to the CSC for evaluation and initiation of mental health services. Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care: The JJ worker reviews with the family psychoeducation material about the role of mental health care in emotional/behavioral problems. The JJ intake worker will contact the CSC program directly with the family for a "warm hand-off". The CSC worker will speak with the parent and arrange for an intake evaluation. For families already receiving treatment, the CSC referral will be for consultation. Via phone, the CSC clinician will use a motivational interviewing style to encourage families to attend the appointment. Three and seven days after referral, the JJ worker will text the caregiver to see if the CSC appointment was kept. If not, the JJ worker will text the parent the CSC phone number and also ask permission to contact the CSC to assist the family in setting up another appointment.	Total n=57 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	36 Participants n=5 Participants	19 Participants n=7 Participants	55 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	1 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	14.76 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.53 • n=5 Participants	14.30 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.56 • n=7 Participants	14.60 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.54 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	18 Participants n=5 Participants	13 Participants n=7 Participants	31 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	19 Participants n=5 Participants	7 Participants n=7 Participants	26 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	13 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	19 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	16 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	28 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	5 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	7 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	37 Participants n=5 Participants	20 Participants n=7 Participants	57 Participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 3-month follow-up

Number of Participants who Used Any Outpatient Mental Health Services by Participant's Caregiver Report

Outcome measures

Measure	Standard Care/Baseline Control n=37 Participants Standard care is the typical process of referral to mental health services for Juvenile Justice (JJ) youth who screen positive for mental heath concerns at intake. For this study, baseline control participants will be referred to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic due to their endorsement of psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Standard Care: Referral to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic	Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care n=20 Participants The experimental condition will include a psychoeducational and motivational enhancement protocol completed at the JJS intake appointment, paired with a "warm hand-off" referral to the CSC for evaluation and initiation of mental health services. Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care: The JJ worker reviews with the family psychoeducation material about the role of mental health care in emotional/behavioral problems. The JJ intake worker will contact the CSC program directly with the family for a "warm hand-off". The CSC worker will speak with the parent and arrange for an intake evaluation. For families already receiving treatment, the CSC referral will be for consultation. Via phone, the CSC clinician will use a motivational interviewing style to encourage families to attend the appointment. Three and seven days after referral, the JJ worker will text the caregiver to see if the CSC appointment was kept. If not, the JJ worker will text the parent the CSC phone number and also ask permission to contact the CSC to assist the family in setting up another appointment.
Number of Participants Who Used Outpatient Mental Health Services	20 Participants	9 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 3-month follow-up

Psychosis-spectrum subscale of The Structured Interview for Psychosis-risk Syndromes (SIPS) has five positive symptoms including odd or delusional thoughts, paranoia/suspiciousness, grandiosity, perceptual abnormalities, and disorganized communication. Each symptom is scored on a scale from 0 to 6 and a total suscale score is calculated, ranging from 0 to 30. Higher scores indicate greater severity of positive symptoms and potentially higher risk for developing psychosis.

Outcome measures

Measure	Standard Care/Baseline Control n=37 Participants Standard care is the typical process of referral to mental health services for Juvenile Justice (JJ) youth who screen positive for mental heath concerns at intake. For this study, baseline control participants will be referred to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic due to their endorsement of psychosis-spectrum symptoms. Standard Care: Referral to the Coordinated Specialty Care (CSC) clinic	Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care n=20 Participants The experimental condition will include a psychoeducational and motivational enhancement protocol completed at the JJS intake appointment, paired with a "warm hand-off" referral to the CSC for evaluation and initiation of mental health services. Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care: The JJ worker reviews with the family psychoeducation material about the role of mental health care in emotional/behavioral problems. The JJ intake worker will contact the CSC program directly with the family for a "warm hand-off". The CSC worker will speak with the parent and arrange for an intake evaluation. For families already receiving treatment, the CSC referral will be for consultation. Via phone, the CSC clinician will use a motivational interviewing style to encourage families to attend the appointment. Three and seven days after referral, the JJ worker will text the caregiver to see if the CSC appointment was kept. If not, the JJ worker will text the parent the CSC phone number and also ask permission to contact the CSC to assist the family in setting up another appointment.
Psychosis-spectrum Positive Symptoms	5.89 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.64	3.95 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.12

Adverse Events

Standard Care/Baseline Control

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Enhanced Referral/Linkage to Care

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Anthony Spirito

Brown U

Phone: 4013692435

Email: anthony_spirito@brown.edu

Results disclosure agreements

• Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
• Publication restrictions are in place