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The Effects of Swimming on Elderly Women With Stage-2 Hypertension

NCT ID: NCT03546270

Last Updated: 2020-11-18

Study Results

Results available

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

100 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-01-31

Study Completion Date

2018-04-30

Brief Summary

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Aging is associated with progressive decreases in arterial health and function as well as overall fitness. It is crucial to prevent or reduce the negative effects of aging on the vasculature and fitness components by implementing appropriate lifestyle interventions, such as exercise training. We examined the effects of a swimming (SWM) regimen on arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV), blood pressure (BP), wave reflection (AIx), muscle strength and aerobic capacity in elderly women with stage 2 hypertension.

Detailed Description

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Using a parallel experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either SWM (n=52) or non-exercising control group (n=48) for 20 weeks. Participant in the SWM group trained 3-4 days/week, progressing in duration from 25 to 45 min. Participants' carotid to radial PWV (crPWV), systolic and diastolic BP, AIx, strength and VO2max were measured at baseline and after 20 weeks of their assigned intervention.

Conditions

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Menopause Hypertension

Keywords

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Swimming Arterial Stiffness Blood Pressure Muscular Strength Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors

Study Groups

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Swimming

Participants performed SWM training (combination of free style, breast stroke, and backstroke) for 20 weeks. For the first 5 weeks subjects swam 25-30 minutes/day, 3-4 days/week at \~60% of maximal heart rate. As their overall level of fitness and exercise skill improved, the intensity and duration of exercise increased to 40-45 minutes/day, 3-4 days/week at an intensity of 70-75% of the HRmax. Target HR was adjusted based on the observation that maximal heart rate during SWM is approximately 12 beats/min lower than that during running. Each subject was instructed to swim continuously except during the time needed for checking a target heart rate

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Swimming

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

This group completed 20-weeks of swimming

Control

Participants in the non-exercising control group did not participate in a supervised exercise program and visited the laboratory at the same frequency as participants in the swim intervention and underwent recreational activities such as board games

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

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Swimming

This group completed 20-weeks of swimming

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* systolic/diastolic BP: 140-179 over 90-119 mm Hg
* had experienced the absence of menstruation for at least 1 year
* body mass index \<30 kg/m2
* \<1 h of regular exercise per week in the previous year

Exclusion Criteria

* Smoker
* Taking any medications or hormone therapy in previous year
Minimum Eligible Age

65 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

85 Years

Eligible Sex

FEMALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Marymount University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Dong-Eui University

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Nebraska

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Pusan National University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Won-mok son

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

References

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Wong A, Kwak YS, Scott SD, Pekas EJ, Son WM, Kim JS, Park SY. The effects of swimming training on arterial function, muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory capacity in postmenopausal women with stage 2 hypertension. Menopause. 2018 Dec 17;26(6):653-658. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000001288.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30562322 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Other Identifiers

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SwimmingMenopause

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id