Trial Outcomes & Findings for The Effects of a Jump Rope Exercise Program on Vascular Health, Inflammatory Markers in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls (NCT NCT03534427)

Last Updated: 2020-10-29

Results Overview

Arterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

40 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

12 weeks

Results posted on

2020-10-29

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Control Group No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Overall Study STARTED	20	20
Overall Study COMPLETED	20	20
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	0

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

The Effects of a Jump Rope Exercise Program on Vascular Health, Inflammatory Markers in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program	Total n=40 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	20 Participants n=93 Participants	20 Participants n=4 Participants	40 Participants n=27 Participants
Region of Enrollment South Korea	20 participants n=93 Participants	20 participants n=4 Participants	40 participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Age, Categorical <=18 years	20 Participants n=93 Participants	20 Participants n=4 Participants	40 Participants n=27 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Age, Continuous	15.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.2 • n=93 Participants	15.3 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 • n=4 Participants	15.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.0 • n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	20 Participants n=93 Participants	20 Participants n=4 Participants	40 Participants n=27 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	0 Participants n=93 Participants	0 Participants n=4 Participants	0 Participants n=27 Participants
Arterial stiffness	8.2 m/s STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.5 • n=93 Participants	8.2 m/s STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 • n=4 Participants	8.2 m/s STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.8 • n=27 Participants
Endothelin-1	0.41 umol/mL STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21 • n=93 Participants	0.37 umol/mL STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21 • n=4 Participants	0.40 umol/mL STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.21 • n=27 Participants
Body mass	68 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 8 • n=93 Participants	69 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.4 • n=4 Participants	68.5 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 • n=27 Participants
Height	161 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 • n=93 Participants	160 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 • n=4 Participants	160.5 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 • n=27 Participants
Waist circumference	85.3 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=93 Participants	86.4 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=4 Participants	85.9 cm STANDARD_DEVIATION 4 • n=27 Participants
Body Fat	32.7 percent STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.2 • n=93 Participants	33.8 percent STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.6 • n=4 Participants	33.3 percent STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.4 • n=27 Participants
Lean Body Mass	43.7 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=93 Participants	44.9 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.5 • n=4 Participants	44.3 kg STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=27 Participants
Nitrate/Nitrite Levels	53.3 umol STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.3 • n=93 Participants	54.5 umol STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.1 • n=4 Participants	53.9 umol STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.7 • n=27 Participants
C-reactive protein	0.5 mg/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.3 • n=93 Participants	0.5 mg/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=4 Participants	0.5 mg/L STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=27 Participants
Systolic blood pressure	126 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.2 • n=93 Participants	126 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.3 • n=4 Participants	126 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.8 • n=27 Participants
Diastolic Blood Pressure	82 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 2 • n=93 Participants	82 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.4 • n=4 Participants	82 mmHg STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.3 • n=27 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Arterial Stiffness	8.1 m/s Standard Deviation 0.2	7.4 m/s Standard Deviation 0.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Levels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Endothelin-1	0.4 umol/mL Standard Deviation 0.31	0.38 umol/mL Standard Deviation 0.33

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Body Mass	70 kilograms (kg) Standard Deviation 8.9	66 kilograms (kg) Standard Deviation 7.3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Height was measured to nearest 1 cm.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Height	162 cm Standard Deviation 4	161 cm Standard Deviation 3

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Waist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Waist Circumference	84.4 cm Standard Deviation 5.2	80.1 cm Standard Deviation 4.8

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Percent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Body Fat	33.5 percent Standard Deviation 3.7	30.2 percent Standard Deviation 3.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Lean Body Mass	42.8 kilograms (kg) Standard Deviation 6.5	45.9 kilograms (kg) Standard Deviation 6.7

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Nitrate/Nitrite Levels	53.5 umol Standard Deviation 5.2	57.2 umol Standard Deviation 5.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

C-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
C-reactive Protein	0.7 mg/L Standard Deviation 0.4	0.2 mg/L Standard Deviation 0.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Systolic Blood Pressure	127 mmHg Standard Deviation 5.3	120 mmHg Standard Deviation 2.1

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 weeks

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Control Group n=20 Participants No exercise intervention	Jump Rope Exercise Intervention n=20 Participants The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. Jump rope exercise intervention: 12-week jump rope exercise program
Diastolic Blood Pressure	84 mmHg Standard Deviation 1.9	80 mmHg Standard Deviation 2

Adverse Events

Control Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Jump Rope Exercise Intervention

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Song-Young Park

The University of Nebraska at Omaha

Phone: 402-554-3374

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place