Predictive Value of the Active Straight Leg Raise on the Efficacy of a SJB in Posterior PGP During Pregnancy

NCT ID: NCT03518840

Last Updated: 2020-11-24

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: COMPLETED
• Clinical Phase: NA
• Total Enrollment: 63 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2017-11-07
• Study Completion Date: 2019-03-21

Brief Summary

During pregnancy, women often experience musculoskeletal pain, specifically in their low back and/or pelvic girdle. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is defined as pain between the posterior iliac crest and gluteal fold, particularly in the region of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ)1. Although it is often referred to as "sciatica". PGP in pregnancy is common with prevalence estimates of 45%2. Previous studies have found that one third of patients will rate their PGP intensity as severe, leading to functional impairments. Functional disabilities include sitting, walking, and standing; thus, significantly impacting the ability of patients to perform routine daily activities. This pain has been reported to develop as early as 17-19 weeks' gestation, lasting up to 3 months postpartum; with a peak incidence of 24-36 weeks.

The etiology of PGP in pregnant women is still not fully understood, largely due to the complex interactions between bone, ligaments, fascia, and muscles in the pelvic joints3. Some studies suggest the increased mobility of the joints in the pelvic girdle during pregnancy due to relaxing cause a lack of stabilization in the sacroiliac region, which results in pain4. Thus, it is hypothesized that providing stabilization of the joints with an external force, such as a maternity or SIJ belt, will improve pain.

Detailed Description

During pregnancy, women often experience musculoskeletal pain, specifically in their low back and/or pelvic girdle. Pelvic girdle pain (PGP) is defined as pain between the posterior iliac crest and gluteal fold, particularly in the region of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ)1. Although it is often referred to as "sciatica". PGP in pregnancy is common with prevalence estimates of 45%2. Previous studies have found that one third of patients will rate their PGP intensity as severe, leading to functional impairments. Functional disabilities include sitting, walking, and standing; thus, significantly impacting the ability of patients to perform routine daily activities. This pain has been reported to develop as early as 17-19 weeks' gestation, lasting up to 3 months postpartum; with a peak incidence of 24-36 weeks.

The etiology of PGP in pregnant women is still not fully understood, largely due to the complex interactions between bone, ligaments, fascia, and muscles in the pelvic joints3. Some studies suggest the increased mobility of the joints in the pelvic girdle during pregnancy due to relaxing cause a lack of stabilization in the sacroiliac region, which results in pain4. Thus, it is hypothesized that providing stabilization of the joints with an external force, such as a maternity or SIJ belt, will improve pain.

Clinically, pelvic belts are often used as a part of a multimodal approach to reduce PGP alongside other conservative treatments such as analgesics and physical therapy, or more alternative treatments such as acupuncture5. This makes it difficult to determine their individual effect on pain reduction. Further confounding this issue are variations in physician counseling, physical therapy regimens, and analgesic usage. Moreover, several support belts have been designed that vary in padding size, flexibility, and site of application5-7. Among these belts, it has not yet been identified which belt is most beneficial regarding pain reduction and patient tolerance5. Previous studies have found benefit in short term use (3-6 weeks) of maternity belts, providing women with improved pain and function compared to exercise or no intervention7. Pelvic belts are a cost-effective option to treating PGP, and more specifically SIJ pain, yet studies are limited regarding the effect they have on SIJ mobility and pain reduction8 and more specifically determining what clinically predicts those who will benefit most from an SIJ belt.

The active straight leg raise test originally described by Mens is an examination maneuver that measures functional mobility and has been correlated with pregnancy related PGP (cite). Anecdotally, our clinical team has observed that women who benefit from compression during the second part of the test, seem to benefit most from the use of an SIJ belt. Having a simple test for obstetric providers to perform in pregnant women with pain would be informative in determining who might benefit most from an SIJ belt. Hence our study seeks to investigate the following aims:

Conditions

Pelvic Girdle Pain

Study Design

• Allocation Method: NA
• Intervention Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Primary Study Purpose: TREATMENT
• Blinding Strategy: NONE

Study Groups

Sacroiliac Joint Belt

All patients will receive and be fitted by the PI with an SIJ belt.

Group Type: OTHER

SIJ Belt

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Support Belts

Interventions

SIJ Belt

Support Belts

Intervention Type: DEVICE

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

• English speaking pregnant women presenting in their second or third trimester with posterior PGP. Trimester will be determined from date of last menses or ultrasound date.
• Pain must be between the upper level of the iliac crests and the gluteal folds in conjunction with or separately from pain in the pubic symphysis and influenced by position and locomotion
• ASLR score between 2-10

Exclusion Criteria

• Non-English speaking pregnant women <18 or >50 years old
• Women presenting with PGP in the first trimester (<13 weeks gestation)
• Women with pubic symphysis (anterior) pain alone
• Pain above the upper level of the iliac crest
• ASLR total score of <2
• History of lumbar or pelvic fracture, neoplasm, inflammatory disease, active urogenital infection or active gastrointestinal illness, previous surgery of the lumbar spine, pelvic girdle, hip joint or femur
• History or signs of radiculopathy or other systemic neurologic disease

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 50 Years
• Eligible Sex: FEMALE
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

Loyola University

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Colleen M. Fitzgerald, MD, MS

M.D. Associate Professor

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Colleen Fitzgerald, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Loyola University

Locations

Loyola University Health System

Maywood, Illinois, United States

Countries

United States

References

Vleeming A, Albert HB, Ostgaard HC, Sturesson B, Stuge B. European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. Eur Spine J. 2008 Jun;17(6):794-819. doi: 10.1007/s00586-008-0602-4. Epub 2008 Feb 8.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 18259783 (View on PubMed)

Wu WH, Meijer OG, Uegaki K, Mens JM, van Dieen JH, Wuisman PI, Ostgaard HC. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: Terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence. Eur Spine J. 2004 Nov;13(7):575-89. doi: 10.1007/s00586-003-0615-y. Epub 2004 Aug 27.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15338362 (View on PubMed)

Ekman EF, Koman LA. Acute pain following musculoskeletal injuries and orthopaedic surgery: mechanisms and management. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:21-33.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 15948432 (View on PubMed)

Kristiansson P, Svardsudd K, von Schoultz B. Serum relaxin, symphyseal pain, and back pain during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Nov;175(5):1342-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70052-2.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 8942512 (View on PubMed)

Flack NA, Hay-Smith EJ, Stringer MD, Gray AR, Woodley SJ. Adherence, tolerance and effectiveness of two different pelvic support belts as a treatment for pregnancy-related symphyseal pain - a pilot randomized trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015 Feb 15;15:36. doi: 10.1186/s12884-015-0468-5.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25885585 (View on PubMed)

Kordi R, Abolhasani M, Rostami M, Hantoushzadeh S, Mansournia MA, Vasheghani-Farahani F. Comparison between the effect of lumbopelvic belt and home based pelvic stabilizing exercise on pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain; a randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2013;26(2):133-9. doi: 10.3233/BMR-2012-00357.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 23640314 (View on PubMed)

Mens JM. Does a pelvic belt reduce hip adduction weakness in pregnancy-related posterior pelvic girdle pain? A case-control study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017 Aug;53(4):575-581. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04442-2. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 28251846 (View on PubMed)

Soisson O, Lube J, Germano A, Hammer KH, Josten C, Sichting F, Winkler D, Milani TL, Hammer N. Pelvic belt effects on pelvic morphometry, muscle activity and body balance in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 17;10(3):e0116739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116739. eCollection 2015.

Reference Type: BACKGROUND

PMID: 25781325 (View on PubMed)

Fitzgerald CM, Bennis S, Marcotte ML, Shannon MB, Iqbal S, Adams WH. The impact of a sacroiliac joint belt on function and pain using the active straight leg raise in pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. PM R. 2022 Jan;14(1):19-29. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.12591. Epub 2021 May 20.

Reference Type: DERIVED

PMID: 33745213 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

210146

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id