Trial Outcomes & Findings for Modifying (Phase I) and Evaluating (Phase II) Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Youth in Transition (NCT NCT03514134)

Last Updated: 2023-06-22

Results Overview

Interviewing skills will be measured using a role-play measure in which subjects act out one job interview scenario with trained actors. Interviews will be video recorded and scored. There is one mock interview and pre-test and one mock interview at post-test. The method of assessment is the job interview skills rating scale as measured by the Mock Interview Rating Scale, which has 14 items with each item ranging from 1 (Unlikely) to 7 (Very Likely). Possible scores range from 14 to 98, with higher scores indicating better interview skills.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

Target enrollment

71 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment)

Results posted on

2023-06-22

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Services as Usual Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Overall Study STARTED	23	48
Overall Study COMPLETED	23	47
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	0	1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	Services as Usual Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Overall Study Lost to Follow-up	0	1

Baseline Characteristics

Modifying (Phase I) and Evaluating (Phase II) Virtual Reality Job Interview Training for Youth in Transition

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Total n=71 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous	19.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=5 Participants	19.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.0 • n=7 Participants	19.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	3 Participants n=5 Participants	10 Participants n=7 Participants	13 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	20 Participants n=5 Participants	38 Participants n=7 Participants	58 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Caucasian	13 Participants n=5 Participants	26 Participants n=7 Participants	39 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black/African American	8 Participants n=5 Participants	11 Participants n=7 Participants	19 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Latinx	0 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	6 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized More than one race	2 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	2 Participants n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized Native American	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment United States	23 participants n=5 Participants	48 participants n=7 Participants	71 participants n=5 Participants
Social Responsiveness Scale (Second Edition)	63.9 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.1 • n=5 Participants	65.7 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.2 • n=7 Participants	65.2 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.4 • n=5 Participants
Current grade Sophomore	2 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	5 Participants n=5 Participants
Current grade Junior	3 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	9 Participants n=5 Participants
Current grade Senior	6 Participants n=5 Participants	14 Participants n=7 Participants	20 Participants n=5 Participants
Current grade Transitional year	12 Participants n=5 Participants	25 Participants n=7 Participants	37 Participants n=5 Participants
Co-occuring IDEA categorizations Other health impairment	5 Participants n=5 Participants	10 Participants n=7 Participants	15 Participants n=5 Participants
Co-occuring IDEA categorizations Specific learning disability	3 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	8 Participants n=5 Participants
Co-occuring IDEA categorizations Cognitive impairment	2 Participants n=5 Participants	9 Participants n=7 Participants	11 Participants n=5 Participants
Co-occuring IDEA categorizations Emotional disturbance	3 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	8 Participants n=5 Participants
Cognitive ability Fluid Cognition Composite	33.3 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.1 • n=5 Participants	29.6 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.9 • n=7 Participants	30.8 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=5 Participants
Cognitive ability Crystalized Cognition Composite	40.1 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.5 • n=5 Participants	42.7 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.4 • n=7 Participants	41.9 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.1 • n=5 Participants
Vocational history Ever had a job interview	8 Participants n=5 Participants	14 Participants n=7 Participants	22 Participants n=5 Participants
Vocational history Ever employed at competitive, integrated job	5 Participants n=5 Participants	16 Participants n=7 Participants	21 Participants n=5 Participants
Vocational history Currently employed at competitive, integrated job	1 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	6 Participants n=5 Participants
Mood and Feelings Questionnaire	4.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=5 Participants	5.7 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=7 Participants	5.4 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.1 • n=5 Participants
Adult and Child Behavior Checklist Internalizing Behaviors	54.9 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=5 Participants	59.5 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=7 Participants	58.0 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=5 Participants
Adult and Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing Behaviors	51.6 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.1 • n=5 Participants	52.0 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.3 • n=7 Participants	51.9 T-Score STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment)

Population: Performance on 2 Mock Job Interviews collected at pre-test and post-test

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Change in Job Interview Skills Post-test	43.6 score on a scale Standard Error 1.9	49.6 score on a scale Standard Error 1.3
Change in Job Interview Skills Pre-test	45.9 score on a scale Standard Error 1.9	46.8 score on a scale Standard Error 1.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment)

9 item self-report consisting of 11 items on a 5-point Likert-type scale, with 1 indicating "Not at all" and 5 indicating "Very True". The range of scores is from 11 to 55, with higher scores indicating more self-efficacy/motivation to complete job interviews, which is a better outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Job Interview Self-Efficacy Pre-test	45.9 score on a scale Standard Error 3.4	47.2 score on a scale Standard Error 2.6
Job Interview Self-Efficacy Post-test	44.3 score on a scale Standard Error 3.1	43.5 score on a scale Standard Error 2.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment)

15 item self-report using a modified version of the brief Personal Report of Public Speaking Apprehension (PRSPA; McCroskey, 1970). After reviewing the brief PRSPA, we selected and reframed 10 items using a three point Likert-type scale (0 = "not at all," 1 = "sometimes," and 2 = "often"). Higher scores indicated higher anxiety, and scores could range from 0 to 26.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Change in Job Interview Anxiety Pre-test	5.0 score on a scale Standard Error 4.7	7.0 score on a scale Standard Error 4.1
Change in Job Interview Anxiety Post-test	4.4 score on a scale Standard Error 4.4	5.7 score on a scale Standard Error 3.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Collected at pre-test and at 6 months after completing Post-Test Visit

Population: Competitive Employment

Obtained a part-time or full-time community-based job as completed via a self-report measure yes/no question. This survey could have been completed by either participants themselves, parents, or teachers.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Competitive Employment	0 Participants	12 Participants

OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome

Timeframe: Collected at Pre-Test and Post-Test visits (within approximately 1 month of active treatment).

Population: N = number of students who completed the survey. We are missing 1 survey from an intervention participant at post-test.

Participants self-reported level of depressive symptoms at pre-test and post-test using the brief version of the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (b-MFQ; Angold et al., 1995). The measure include 13 items on a scale of 0 to 2, with a total range of 0 to 26. Scores of 12 or greater suggest clinical depression, so higher scores indicate higher depressive symptoms, which is a negative outcome.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Services as Usual n=23 Participants Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.	Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training n=48 Participants In addition to the services as usual comparator, participants will participate in Virtual Reality Job Interview Training. Virtual Reality Job Interview Training: Students will engage in didactic training related to strategies to perform well during a job interview as well as repeated practice with a virtual hiring manager. Throughout and after completion of the virtual interviews, participants will receive feedback on their performance. Services as Usual: Study participants will be receiving their community-based or school-based services as usual that may include but is not limited to vocational skill training, daily living skill training, and social skill training.
Change in Depressive Symptoms Pre-test	4.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1	5.7 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.1
Change in Depressive Symptoms Post-test	4.0 score on a scale Standard Deviation 3.0	5.3 score on a scale Standard Deviation 4.0

Adverse Events

Services as Usual

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Services as Usual + Virtual Reality Job Interview Training

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Brittany Ross

University of Michigan

Phone: (734) 764-2368

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place