Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Metabolism and Acute Neprilysin Inhibition

NCT ID: NCT03508739

Last Updated: 2025-09-10

Basic Information

• Recruitment Status: SUSPENDED
• Clinical Phase: PHASE3
• Total Enrollment: 25 participants
• Study Classification: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Start Date: 2018-06-01
• Study Completion Date: 2026-06-30

Brief Summary

Type 2 diabetes is common, increases in prevalence with age, and patients with diabetes have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. A relatively new cardiovascular medication currently used for the treatment of heart failure in the United States inhibits an enzyme that breaks down a variety of signaling hormones. This clinical trial tests if it may also be a target for the treatment of diabetes by decreasing the breakdown of a hormone that increases insulin release after a meal.

Detailed Description

This study will test the hypothesis that neprilysin inhibition with sacubitril/valsartan will increase endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) after a mixed meal compared to valsartan. The primary statistical analysis will be within subject comparison (paired t-test or nonparametric equivalent) of area under the curve intact GLP-1 after the meal during sacubitril/valsartan compared to valsartan. Neprilysin inhibition may be a new drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by increasing intact GLP-1 and may be of particular benefit to individuals with increased risk of hypoglycemia and cardiovascular disease.

Conditions

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Pre-diabetic; Hypertension; Elevated Blood Pressure

Study Design

• Allocation Method: RANDOMIZED
• Intervention Model: CROSSOVER
• Primary Study Purpose: OTHER
• Blinding Strategy: QUADRUPLE

Study Groups

ARM 1: randomization order AB

Subjects will present for a baseline mixed meal study day 1 (no medication). Next they will be randomized to sacubitril/valsartan 200mg po and then valsartan 160 mg po with each medication given on study day 2 and 3, respectively (order AB). At each study day, subjects will present after fasting and receive blinded study medication on study days 2 and 3. After an IV is placed, neprilysin activity will be measured at baseline. Two hours later, subjects will have neprilysin activity collected again as well as baseline insulin, glucose, GLP-1, and triglycerides. Following this, subjects will ingest a mixed meal. Blood samples for insulin, glucose, GLP-1, and triglycerides will be collected after the meal for four hours total. Blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Sacubitril/Valsartan 200mg (blinded)

Intervention Type: DRUG

study day 2 for AB and study day 3 for BA

Valsartan 160mg (blinded)

Intervention Type: DRUG

study day 3 for AB and study day 2 for BA

ARM 2: randomization order BA

Subjects will present for a baseline mixed meal study day 1 (no medication). Next they will be randomized to sacubitril/valsartan 200mg po and then valsartan 160 mg po with each medication given on study day 2 and 3, respectively (order BA). At each study day, subjects will present after fasting and receive blinded study medication on study days 2 and 3. After an IV is placed, neprilysin activity will be measured at baseline. Two hours later, subjects will have neprilysin activity collected again as well as baseline insulin, glucose, GLP-1, and triglycerides. Following this, subjects will ingest a mixed meal. Blood samples for insulin, glucose, GLP-1, and triglycerides will be collected after the meal for four hours total. Blood pressure and heart rate will be monitored.

Group Type: EXPERIMENTAL

Sacubitril/Valsartan 200mg (blinded)

Intervention Type: DRUG

study day 2 for AB and study day 3 for BA

Valsartan 160mg (blinded)

Intervention Type: DRUG

study day 3 for AB and study day 2 for BA

Interventions

Sacubitril/Valsartan 200mg (blinded)

study day 2 for AB and study day 3 for BA

Intervention Type: DRUG

Valsartan 160mg (blinded)

study day 3 for AB and study day 2 for BA

Intervention Type: DRUG

Other Intervention Names

Entresto; Diovan

Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria

1. Men and women ages 18-80 years

2. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or pre-diabetes, controlled by diet alone or metformin therapy and elevated blood pressure

1. Pre-diabetes is defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL, plasma glucose of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after 75g oral glucose load, or hemoglobin A1C 5.7-6.4%. T2DM is defined as fasting plasma glucose of ≥126 mg/dL, plasma glucose of ≥200 mg/dL two hours after 75g oral glucose load, or hemoglobin A1C ≥6.5%.

2. Elevated blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥80 mmHg on three occasions or therapy with antihypertensive medication(s) for a minimum of three months.

3. For female subjects, the following conditions must be met:

1. Postmenopausal status for at least one year or

2. Status post-surgical sterilization, or

3. If childbearing potential, utilization of birth control (barrier methods, abstinence, hormonal contraception, etc) and willingness to undergo regular beta hCG monitoring prior to drug treatment and on each study day. (Valsartan is pregnancy category D.)

Exclusion Criteria

1. Type 1 diabetes

2. Poorly controlled T2DM, defined as hemoglobin A1C ≥8.7%

3. Use of anti-diabetic medications other than metformin for over 24 months prior to initiation of the study.

4. Requiring the need for insulin therapy

5. Secondary hypertension

6. Severe hypertension requiring the use of more than two anti-hypertensive agents other than a stable dose of diuretic or blood pressure > 180/110 mmHg

7. Subjects who have participated in a weight-reduction program during the last 6 months and whose weight has increased or decreased more than 5 kg over the preceding 6 months

8. Pregnancy or breastfeeding

9. History of hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the study drugs, drugs of similar chemical classes, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs, or NEP inhibitors, as well as known or suspected contraindications to the study drugs

10. History of angioedema

11. History of pancreatitis or known pancreatic lesions

12. Clinically significant gastrointestinal impairment that could interfere with drug absorption

13. Significant cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction or cardiovascular surgery or angioplasty within six months prior to enrollment, presence of angina pectoris, arrhythmia with history of or risk of syncopal episodes or need for antiarrhythmic therapy, congestive heart failure (LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction acceptable), deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, second- or third-degree AV block, mitral valve stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or coronary or carotid artery disease likely to require surgical or percutaneous intervention within six months of screening

14. Impaired hepatic function (aspartate amino transaminase [AST] and/or alanine amino transaminase [ALT] >3 x upper limit of normal range)

15. Impaired renal function (eGFR< 50mL/min/1.73m2 as determined by the MDRD equation)

16. History or presence of immunological or hematological disorders

17. Serum potassium >5.2 mmol/L at screening

18. History of serious neurologic disease such as cerebral hemorrhage, stroke, seizure, or transient ischemic attack within six months

19. Hematocrit <35%

20. Diagnosis of asthma requiring use of inhaled beta agonist more than once a week

21. Clinically significant gastrointestinal impairment that could interfere with drug absorption

22. Any underlying or acute disease requiring regular medication which could possibly pose a threat to the subject or make implementation of the protocol or interpretation of the study results difficult, such as arthritis treated with daily use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

23. Treatment with chronic systemic glucocorticoid therapy within the last year

24. Treatment with systemic glucocorticoid therapy acutely within six weeks prior to enrollment

25. Treatment with lithium salts

26. History of alcohol or drug abuse

27. Treatment with anticoagulation

28. Treatment with any investigational drug in the one month preceding the study

29. Mental conditions rendering the subject unable to understand the nature, scope, and possible consequences of the study

30. Inability to comply with the protocol, e.g., uncooperative attitude, inability to return for follow-up visits, and unlikelihood of completing the study

• Minimum Eligible Age: 18 Years
• Maximum Eligible Age: 80 Years
• Eligible Sex: ALL
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Sponsors

University of Pennsylvania

OTHER

Sponsor Role: lead

Responsible Party

Jessica R.Wilson, MD, MS

Instructor in Medicine Division of Endocrinology

Responsibility Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Jessica R Wilson, MD, MSCI

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Pennsylvania

Locations

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

Countries

United States

Other Identifiers

828731

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id