Trial Outcomes & Findings for Postoperative Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Management of Post-amputation Pain (NCT NCT03484429)

NCT ID: NCT03484429

Last Updated: 2021-07-21

Results Overview

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their PLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

16 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3.

Results posted on

2021-07-21

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
Standard medical therapy and 30 to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation starting within 7 days after surgery Peripheral nerve stimulation: Up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation Standard Medical Therapy: Medications, physical therapy, or other pain treatments
Standard Medical Therapy (SMT)
Standard medical therapy only Standard Medical Therapy: Medications, physical therapy, or other pain treatments
Overall Study
STARTED
8
8
Overall Study
Postamputation Week 1-4
8
8
Overall Study
Postamputation Week 5-8
5
8
Overall Study
Postamputation Month 3
5
7
Overall Study
COMPLETED
5
8
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
3
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
Standard medical therapy and 30 to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation starting within 7 days after surgery Peripheral nerve stimulation: Up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation Standard Medical Therapy: Medications, physical therapy, or other pain treatments
Standard Medical Therapy (SMT)
Standard medical therapy only Standard Medical Therapy: Medications, physical therapy, or other pain treatments
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
1
0
Overall Study
Adverse Event
2
0

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Total
n=16 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=16 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
3 Participants
n=16 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
7 Participants
n=8 Participants
13 Participants
n=16 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=16 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
7 Participants
n=8 Participants
8 Participants
n=8 Participants
15 Participants
n=16 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Region of Enrollment
United States
8 participants
n=8 Participants
8 participants
n=8 Participants
16 participants
n=16 Participants
Perineural Catheter Infusion
6 Days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1 • n=8 Participants
5.5 Days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5 • n=8 Participants
5.75 Days
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.5 • n=16 Participants
Taking Opioids Preoperatively
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
5 Participants
n=16 Participants
Level of Amputation
Above Knee
5 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
9 Participants
n=16 Participants
Level of Amputation
Below Knee
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
7 Participants
n=16 Participants
Indication for Surgery
Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
7 Participants
n=16 Participants
Indication for Surgery
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
3 Participants
n=16 Participants
Indication for Surgery
Pain
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
2 Participants
n=16 Participants
Indication for Surgery
Diabetes (DM)
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=16 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3.

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their PLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Average Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Baseline
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.2
3.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
Average Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
Average Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.2
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
Average Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Month 3
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.2
1.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their RLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Average Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Baseline
7.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
4.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4
Average Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
3.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
Average Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1
2.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2
Average Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Month 3
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, 5-8, and Month 3

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their PLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Worst Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
3.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
5.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
Worst Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
3.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.3
Worst Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Month 3
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
2.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.2
Worst Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Baseline
6.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.4
5.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their RLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Worst Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
1.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
3.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
Worst Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Month 3
0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
1.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.9
Worst Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Baseline
8.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
7.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.9
Worst Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
5.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their PLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Best Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Baseline
1.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
1.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
Best Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
0.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
1.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4
Best Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
0.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.0
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Best Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) Score
Month 3
0.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Month 3

Population: Subjects who completed up to 60 days of peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) and standard medical therapy (SMT) or (SMT) only.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate their RLP over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0"=no pain to "10"=worst pain they have ever experienced. A lower score is better. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Best Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 5-8
0.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
Best Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Month 3
0.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.0
0.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
Best Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Baseline
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
Best Residual Limb Pain (RLP) Score
Weeks 1-4
1.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Preop, Hospital Discharge, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, Week 12

Population: Between Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8, three subjects in the PNS Group terminated due to unrelated medical events (2) or withdrew consent (1). After Week 12, two subjects in the Control Group terminated due to unrelated medical events or withdrew consent (data for one subject was collected prior to withdrawal).

The number of subjects prescribed any opioid medication and any dose. Data from Weeks 1-4 and Weeks 5-8 were averaged to obtain a numerical score for these time points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Number Taking Opioids
Baseline
3 Participants
2 Participants
Number Taking Opioids
Hospital Discharge
6 Participants
7 Participants
Number Taking Opioids
Weeks 1-4
3 Participants
5 Participants
Number Taking Opioids
Weeks 5-8
1 Participants
4 Participants
Number Taking Opioids
Week 12
1 Participants
3 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Preoperative, Hospital discharge, Weeks 1-4, Weeks 5-8, and Week 12

Population: All study participants were evaluated.

Opioid consumption (daily OME) over time was collected for all subjects.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Average Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
Preop
36.1 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 60.5
7.2 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 13.3
Average Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
Hospital Discharge
44.1 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 57.2
36.1 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 30.4
Average Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
Weeks 1-4
23.4 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 47.7
16.6 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 30.0
Average Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
Weeks 5-8
13.5 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 24.9
20.3 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 31.0
Average Oral Morphine Equivalents (OME)
Week 12
13.5 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 23.9
10.7 oral morphine equivalents (mg)
Standard Deviation 20.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Preoperative, Week 4, and Week 8

Population: All qualifying subjects were evaluated.

FIM mobility subscores were recorded by a physical therapist to measure the ability to walk, use a wheelchair, transfer to tub/shower, transfer to toilet, and mobility in bed, chair, and wheelchair. Scores range from "1" = subject requires total assistance for the task to "7" = complete independence. A higher score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Walk (Preop)
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Walk (Week 4)
1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0
1.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Walk (Week 8)
1.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
1.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.8
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Wheelchair (Preop)
4.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
5.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Tub/Shower Transfer (Preop)
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.6
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Tub/Shower Transfer (Week 4)
5.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
5.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Tub/Shower Transfer (Week 8)
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Toilet Transfer (Preop)
4.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9
3.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.4
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Toilet Transfer (Week 4)
5.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
5.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.7
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Toilet Transfer (Week 8)
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Bed/Chair/Wheelchair Mobility (Week 8)
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.5
6.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.0
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Wheelchair (Week 4)
5.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
5.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Wheelchair (Week 8)
5.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
6.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.0
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Bed/Chair/Wheelchair Mobility (Preop)
4.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.0
4.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.7
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scores
Bed/Chair/Wheelchair Mobility (Week 4)
5.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
5.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.9

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12

Population: Subjects who were enrolled in the study and for whom this data was collected.

Using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire, subjects were asked to rate how much pain has interfered with daily activities over the past 24 hours on a scale of "0" = no interference to "10" = completely interferes with activities. A lower score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=4 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Pain Interference
Baseline
2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
Pain Interference
Week 4
2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
Pain Interference
Week 8
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.1
1.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
Pain Interference
Week 12
0.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.4
0.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weeks 4, 8, and 12

Population: Subjects who were enrolled in the study and for whom this data was collected.

Self-report measure PGIC reflects a patient's belief about the efficacy of treatment. PGIC is a 7 point scale depicting a patient's rating of overall improvement. Patients rate their change as 1 = "very much improved," 2 = "much improved," 3 = "minimally improved," 4 = "no change," 5 = "minimally worse," 6 = "much worse," or 7 = "very much worse." A lower score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=7 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
Week 4
4.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
3.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
Week 8
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
5.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.1
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)
Week 12
3.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.2
2.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, Weeks 4, 8, and 12

Population: Subjects who were enrolled in the study and for whom this data was collected.

Pain catastrophizing is the tendency to magnify the threat value of a pain stimulus and to feel helpless in the presence of pain. This is further characterized by the inability to prevent or inhibit pain-related thoughts surrounding a painful event. Pain catastrophizing affects how individuals experience pain. The PCS is a 13-item inventory of statements in which the subject is asked to rate the degree to which they agree, on a scale of "0" = not at all to "4" = all the time. The responses for each item are added for a total PCS score (range 0-52). A lower score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Baseline
20.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.7
12.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.2
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Week 4
10.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.2
8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.4
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Week 8
4.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.1
4.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)
Week 12
17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.8
9.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Weeks 4, Week 8, and Week 12

Population: Subjects who were enrolled in the study and for whom this data was collected.

The PDI is designed to measure the degree to which aspects of life are disrupted by chronic pain. The impact of pain on various aspects of life (e.g. family/home responsibilities, recreation, social activity, occupation, sexual behavior, self-care, and life-support activities) are recorded on a 10-point scale from "0" = no disability to "10" = worst disability. The sum of scores is recorded for a total PDI score (range 0-70). A lower score is better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=7 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Pain Disability Index (PDI)
Week 4
22.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.3
6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.3
Pain Disability Index (PDI)
Week 8
15.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 26.3
6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.9
Pain Disability Index (PDI)
Week 12
44.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 38.8
7.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.3

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 30 days from hospital discharge

Percent of Group that was readmitted to the hospital within 30 days following hospital discharge.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
30-day Readmission Rate
0 Participants
2 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Number of days from surgery to discharge

Hospital LOS was calculated from day of surgery to day of discharge from inpatient hospital ward to rehabilitation facility.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 Participants
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 Participants
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Hospital Length of Stay (LOS)
7 days
Standard Deviation 1.6
6 days
Standard Deviation 3.3

Adverse Events

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 2 other events
Deaths: 1 deaths

Control

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS)
n=8 participants at risk
Up to 60 days of PNS starting within 7 days after major lower limb amputation surgery. Subjects also received standard medical therapy (SMT). SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Control
n=8 participants at risk
Subjects received SMT only after major lower limb amputation surgery. SMT is defined as pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, or other therapies.
Surgical and medical procedures
PNS Lead Reimplantation
25.0%
2/8 • Number of events 2 • Week 4 and Week 8, Month 3, Month 6, and Month 12
Subjects in the Control Group were not at risk for PNS Lead Reimplantation because they did not undergo implantation of any peripheral nerve stimulator leads. Other \[Not Including Serious\] Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed in the Control Arm/Group.
0/0 • Week 4 and Week 8, Month 3, Month 6, and Month 12
Subjects in the Control Group were not at risk for PNS Lead Reimplantation because they did not undergo implantation of any peripheral nerve stimulator leads. Other \[Not Including Serious\] Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed in the Control Arm/Group.

Additional Information

Dr. Denise Lester

Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Health Care System

Phone: 804-675-5000

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place