Trial Outcomes & Findings for Mindfulness for Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder (NCT NCT03459625)
NCT ID: NCT03459625
Last Updated: 2023-11-13
Results Overview
Assessment will be based on reductions parent ratings on the Externalizing Problems t-score of the Child Behavior Checklist-Ages 1.5-5. The Child Behavior Checklist has 99 items that assess the degree or frequency of child behavior problems. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (not true), 1 (somewhat or sometimes true), or 2 (very true or often true). T-scores on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale of the Child Behavior Checklist have a theoretical population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicating more behavior problems. A t-score between 60 and 63 on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale is considered Borderline and a t-score above 63 is considered Clinical.
COMPLETED
NA
118 participants
At baseline
2023-11-13
Participant Flow
The Protocol Enrollment (118) reflects the number of parent participants. The Total Started in Participant Flow (118) reflects the number of parent participants who were enrolled and assigned to each arm. Of note, one participant dropped out of the study and requested to not have their data used/reported. Thus, the total sample we report is N=117
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
60
|
58
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
59
|
58
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
1
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
Total
n=117 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
|
34.56 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.541 • n=5 Participants
|
34.67 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.529 • n=7 Participants
|
34.61 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.535 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
10 Participants
n=7 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
23 Participants
n=5 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
46 Participants
n=5 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
48 Participants
n=7 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
94 Participants
n=5 Participants • One subject withdrew consent prior to data analysis
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
32 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
60 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
59 participants
n=5 Participants
|
58 participants
n=7 Participants
|
117 participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: At baselinePopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based on reductions parent ratings on the Externalizing Problems t-score of the Child Behavior Checklist-Ages 1.5-5. The Child Behavior Checklist has 99 items that assess the degree or frequency of child behavior problems. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (not true), 1 (somewhat or sometimes true), or 2 (very true or often true). T-scores on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale of the Child Behavior Checklist have a theoretical population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicating more behavior problems. A t-score between 60 and 63 on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale is considered Borderline and a t-score above 63 is considered Clinical.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Child Externalizing Behavior Problems as Evidenced by Reductions in the Externalizing Scores on a Standardized Parent-report Questionnaire.
|
68.40 t-scores
Standard Deviation 11.335
|
66.49 t-scores
Standard Deviation 11.393
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Within 4 weeks of completing last intervention session (session 8)Population: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based on reductions parent ratings on the Externalizing Problems t-score of the Child Behavior Checklist-Ages 1.5-5. The Child Behavior Checklist has 99 items that assess the degree or frequency of child behavior problems. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (not true), 1 (somewhat or sometimes true), or 2 (very true or often true). T-scores on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale of the Child Behavior Checklist have a theoretical population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicating more behavior problems. A t-score between 60 and 63 on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale is considered Borderline and a t-score above 63 is considered Clinical.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Child Externalizing Behavior Problems as Evidenced by Reductions in the Externalizing Score on a Standardized Parent-report Questionnaire.
|
61.64 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.704
|
62.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.878
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6-month follow-up visitPopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based on reductions parent ratings on the Externalizing Problems t-score of the Child Behavior Checklist-Ages 1.5-5. The Child Behavior Checklist has 99 items that assess the degree or frequency of child behavior problems. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (not true), 1 (somewhat or sometimes true), or 2 (very true or often true). T-scores on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale of the Child Behavior Checklist have a theoretical population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicating more behavior problems. A t-score between 60 and 63 on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale is considered Borderline and a t-score above 63 is considered Clinical.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Child Externalizing Behavior Problems as Evidenced by Reductions in the Externalizing Score on a Standardized Parent-report Questionnaire.
|
61.69 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.148
|
64.07 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.773
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 12-month follow-up visitPopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based on reductions parent ratings on the Externalizing Problems t-score of the Child Behavior Checklist-Ages 1.5-5. The Child Behavior Checklist has 99 items that assess the degree or frequency of child behavior problems. Each item is rated on a scale of 0 (not true), 1 (somewhat or sometimes true), or 2 (very true or often true). T-scores on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale of the Child Behavior Checklist have a theoretical population mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicating more behavior problems. A t-score between 60 and 63 on the Externalizing Problems sub-scale is considered Borderline and a t-score above 63 is considered Clinical.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Child Externalizing Behavior Problems as Evidenced by Reductions in the Externalizing Score on a Standardized Parent-report Questionnaire.
|
62.03 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.388
|
65.50 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.538
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: BaselinePopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based in parent participant reports on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form. The Parenting Stress Index includes 36 items that are rated on a five-point scale that ranges from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Scores on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more parental distress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Parenting Stress
|
37.4717 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.19156
|
37.4340 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.35397
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Within 4 weeks of completing last intervention session (session 8)Population: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based in parent participant reports on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form. The Parenting Stress Index includes 36 items that are rated on a five-point scale that ranges from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Scores on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more parental distress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Parenting Stress
|
28.8000 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.44132
|
33.1739 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.17187
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 6-month follow-up visitPopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based in parent participant reports on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form. The Parenting Stress Index includes 36 items that are rated on a five-point scale that ranges from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Scores on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more parental distress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Parenting Stress
|
27.9615 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.12514
|
32.1333 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.78032
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 12-month follow-up visitPopulation: All study participants are parents of children ages 3 to 5 years with diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder confirmed by study administered assessments. These participants were drawn from the Inland Empire region of Southern California.
Assessment will be based in parent participant reports on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form. The Parenting Stress Index includes 36 items that are rated on a five-point scale that ranges from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree). Scores on the Parental Distress sub-scale of the Parenting Stress Index-Fourth Edition, Short Form range from 12 to 60, with higher scores indicating more parental distress.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
n=59 Participants
MSBR (Kabat-Zinn, 1990), 8-week group-based intervention where participants learn mindfulness skills to help alleviate parenting stress among parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR): MBSR includes eight weekly 2.5-hour group sessions, a day-long (6hr) meditation retreat on the weekend during week six, 45 minutes of daily home practice guided by instructional audio CDs, and an MBSR parent workbook. Formal mindfulness exercises aim to increase the capacity for mindfulness and include a body scan, mindful yoga, and sitting meditation. Participants are also taught to practice mindfulness informally in everyday activities. In session, didactic instruction on stress physiology and using mindfulness for coping with stress in daily life is provided. Participants practice formal mindfulness exercises, break into dyads to discuss their daily homework practice, and meet as a larger group to ask questions related to the practice of mindfulness in everyday life.
|
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
n=58 Participants
PE is a 8-week group-based intervention to provide psychosocial support and resources for parents of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE): The PE consists of 8-weekly 2.5-hour sessions, a day-long (6hr) Family Resource Fair during week six, daily homework that includes monitoring progress on goals identified at the end of each session, and a workbook for parents of children with special needs that provides parents with information regarding their child's development, disability, and associated considerations. Weekly topics for discussion include Preparing for Individualized Education Plan (IEP) meetings, Communicating with Teachers, Advocacy, Sibling Issues, and Community Resources.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Parenting Stress
|
26.0323 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.23935
|
32.6154 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.87067
|
Adverse Events
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MSBR)
Psychoeducational Support Group (PE)
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place