Trial Outcomes & Findings for Work Should Not Hurt You: Reduction of Hazardous Exposures in Small Businesses Through a Community Health Worker Intervention (NCT NCT03455530)
NCT ID: NCT03455530
Last Updated: 2025-07-10
Results Overview
The primary outcome is the change in average total volatile organic chemical exposures for each business from pre- to post- intervention.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
268 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
6 months
Results posted on
2025-07-10
Participant Flow
Unit of analysis: Business
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Intervention Group - Auto Shops
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention - Auto Shops
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
77 23
|
70 23
|
69 19
|
52 19
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
68 19
|
69 22
|
66 17
|
49 17
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
9 4
|
1 1
|
3 2
|
3 2
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Intervention Group - Auto Shops
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention - Auto Shops
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Withdrawal by Subject
|
9
|
1
|
3
|
3
|
Baseline Characteristics
Work Should Not Hurt You: Reduction of Hazardous Exposures in Small Businesses Through a Community Health Worker Intervention
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
n=77 Participants
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
n=70 Participants
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Intervention Group - Auto Shop
n=69 Participants
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention Group - Auto Shop
n=52 Participants
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Total
n=268 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
44 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 • n=5 Participants
|
47 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14 • n=7 Participants
|
40 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12 • n=5 Participants
|
38 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11 • n=4 Participants
|
42.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.4 • n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
64 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
48 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
126 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
|
68 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
62 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
137 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Unknown
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
54 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
47 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
190 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
71 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=21 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
77 participants
n=5 Participants
|
70 participants
n=7 Participants
|
69 participants
n=5 Participants
|
52 participants
n=4 Participants
|
268 participants
n=21 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 6 monthsPopulation: This is a cluster-randomized trial where the clusters were small businesses. There were 1-4 workers at each shop per assessment. The unit of analysis here is the average total volatile organic chemicals exposures for each business at each analysis.
The primary outcome is the change in average total volatile organic chemical exposures for each business from pre- to post- intervention.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
n=19 Business
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
n=22 Business
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Intervention Group - Auto Shops
n=17 Business
The intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention before (\~3 months) the other arm (Delayed Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
Delayed Intervention - Auto Shops
n=17 Business
The delayed intervention group will receive the IH-enhanced CHW intervention after (\~3 months) the other arm (Intervention Group).
Industrial Hygiene-Enhance Community Health Worker Intervention: The intervention will be derived from audits and exposure assessments and focus groups with workers and owners in the same business types (excluded from the trial) conducted in an earlier part of the study, as well as a community advisory group (e.g., Hispanic Chamber of Commerce) . From this, we will generate educational materials specific for each small business sector. We will provide the CHWs with a list of industry-specific control options along with potential cost savings and benefits. For example, EPA estimates a cost saving of $13,000 per year for auto body shops that switch to the high-velocity low-pressure spray guns. Each list will be a comprehensive menu of options that contain multiple control measures including simple controls, such as keeping the lids on the solvent containers.
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Change in Volatile Organic Chemical Concentrations From Pre- to Post-Intervention
|
2738 ppb
Interval 1720.0 to 4358.0
|
3875 ppb
Interval 2471.0 to 6077.0
|
523 ppb
Interval 267.0 to 1026.0
|
225 ppb
Interval 116.0 to 435.0
|
Adverse Events
Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Delayed Intervention Group - Beauty Salon
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Intervention Group - Auto Shop
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Delayed Intervention Group - Auto Shop
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place