Targeting Obesity to Optimize Health in Cardiac Rehab (TOPCARE)

NCT ID: NCT03423238

Last Updated: 2021-11-23

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

38 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-03-21

Study Completion Date

2020-04-10

Brief Summary

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Although coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment guidelines recognize obesity as a major modifiable risk factor,2 nearly half of all CHD patients are obese and the current standard of care fails to implement evidence-based obesity treatment for this high-risk population. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that weight loss improves outcomes in CHD patients. The primary goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of adding a 6-month behavioral weight loss intervention to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Detailed Description

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Although coronary heart disease (CHD) treatment guidelines recognize obesity as a major modifiable risk factor,2 nearly half of all CHD patients are obese and the current standard of care fails to implement evidence-based obesity treatment for this high-risk population. The efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for improving exercise capacity and CHD risk factors is markedly blunted in CHD patients with obesity. Current programs largely focus on nutrient intake and produce minimal weight loss, on average. Our data show that despite appropriate exercise prescription and adherence, only 22% of CHD patients with obesity lose even the minimum recommended body weight over a 3-month program. These findings indicate that targeting reductions in caloric intake is needed to optimize outcomes in these patients and suggest that current programs are too short to produce adequate weight loss and ensure the necessary behavioral adaptations for long-term maintenance. Randomization to diet-induced weight loss in combination with aerobic exercise improves exercise capacity, quality of life, and CHD risk factors more than exercise alone and reduces long-term mortality in overweight and obese adults. The primary goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of adding a 6-month behavioral weight loss intervention to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation.

Conditions

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Obesity Weight Loss CHD - Coronary Heart Disease

Keywords

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Cardiac Rehab Diet Exercise Obese

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

SUPPORTIVE_CARE

Blinding Strategy

DOUBLE

Investigators Outcome Assessors
All assessments will take place by study staff blinded to the participant's treatment assignment. To ensure that staff remain blinded, participants will be asked not to discuss their intervention with the assessor

Study Groups

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Rehab Only

Patients will be randomized to Rehab only using a randomization scheme with blocking stratified by sex and obesity severity (BMI\<30 vs. BMI≥30 kg/m2). All participants will undergo standard exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation, which includes meeting with dietitian, exercise, health education, and exercise compliance.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

Each exercise session lasts for 60 to 90 minutes and consists of 5-10 minutes of warm-up and cool-down activity; up to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise using a variety of modalities (e.g., walking laps on a track, cycle ergometry, treadmills, stair climbers); and 15-20 minutes of upper and lower body resistance exercises using Thera-Bands. An exercise physiologist creates an individualized plan

Health Education

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Group education classes conducted by an exercise physiologist and/or dietitian are designed to provide support and general information on healthy lifestyle behaviors. Topics include risk factor control, diabetes, hypertension, lipids, medications, aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility, weight control, reading food nutrition labels, eating out, holiday eating, intimacy, stress, relaxation, cardiac symptoms, and cardiac interventions.

Exercise Compliance

Intervention Type OTHER

Multiple behavioral management strategies to create a positive exercise environment and promote adherence and retention will be utilized. These include promptly contacting participants who miss a session, scheduling makeup sessions, and offering individual counseling sessions to discuss strategies to promote attendance and limit obstacles to participation.

Dietary Counseling

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants have one meeting with the Rehab dietitian upon starting.

Rehab+Weight Loss (WL)

Patients will be randomized to Rehab+WL using a randomization scheme with blocking stratified by sex and obesity severity (BMI\<30 vs. BMI≥30 kg/m2). All participants will undergo standard exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in addition to a weight-loss intervention, which includes meeting with dietitian, exercise, health education, and exercise compliance, calorie-restricted diet, behavioral modification, and weight-loss compliance.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Exercise

Intervention Type OTHER

Each exercise session lasts for 60 to 90 minutes and consists of 5-10 minutes of warm-up and cool-down activity; up to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise using a variety of modalities (e.g., walking laps on a track, cycle ergometry, treadmills, stair climbers); and 15-20 minutes of upper and lower body resistance exercises using Thera-Bands. An exercise physiologist creates an individualized plan

Health Education

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Group education classes conducted by an exercise physiologist and/or dietitian are designed to provide support and general information on healthy lifestyle behaviors. Topics include risk factor control, diabetes, hypertension, lipids, medications, aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility, weight control, reading food nutrition labels, eating out, holiday eating, intimacy, stress, relaxation, cardiac symptoms, and cardiac interventions.

Exercise Compliance

Intervention Type OTHER

Multiple behavioral management strategies to create a positive exercise environment and promote adherence and retention will be utilized. These include promptly contacting participants who miss a session, scheduling makeup sessions, and offering individual counseling sessions to discuss strategies to promote attendance and limit obstacles to participation.

Calorie-Restricted Diet

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Diet plans will provide a caloric deficit of 500 kcals per day. The lowest calorie level permitted will be 1,100 kcals for women and 1,200 kcals for men. The calorie distribution goal will be 15-20% from protein, \<30% from fat, and 45-60% from carbohydrates. Participants will consume 2 meal replacements per day (Premier Protein shakes and bars); provided by the study)), along with one meal composed of traditional foods (500-750 kcals, low in fat, high in vegetables), and 1-3 snacks as needed (e.g., cereal bar, fruit, or vegetable, providing 100-150 kcals each). For the meal, patients will follow a weekly menu plan and recipes provided by the study. The food plan will be tailored to individual preferences and energy needs.

Behavioral Modification

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

During months 1-3, participants will attend weekly individual behavioral counseling sessions with the study registered dietitian (RD); individual sessions will be held twice per month during months 4-6. The sessions will focus on self-monitoring, portion control, mindful eating, coping with negative thoughts, eating at regular times, and stress management. The RD will review individual progress, solve problems, answer questions, and set weight loss goals.

Weight-Loss Compliance

Intervention Type OTHER

Participants will be asked to record their food and beverage intake in daily logs which will be reviewed weekly by the RD to verify compliance to the diet. Body weight will be measured weekly to ensure that participants are losing weight at an appropriate rate. If a participant is not meeting weight loss goals, energy intake will be modified accordingly to produce the desired rate of weight loss.

Interventions

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Exercise

Each exercise session lasts for 60 to 90 minutes and consists of 5-10 minutes of warm-up and cool-down activity; up to 30 minutes of aerobic exercise using a variety of modalities (e.g., walking laps on a track, cycle ergometry, treadmills, stair climbers); and 15-20 minutes of upper and lower body resistance exercises using Thera-Bands. An exercise physiologist creates an individualized plan

Intervention Type OTHER

Health Education

Group education classes conducted by an exercise physiologist and/or dietitian are designed to provide support and general information on healthy lifestyle behaviors. Topics include risk factor control, diabetes, hypertension, lipids, medications, aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility, weight control, reading food nutrition labels, eating out, holiday eating, intimacy, stress, relaxation, cardiac symptoms, and cardiac interventions.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Exercise Compliance

Multiple behavioral management strategies to create a positive exercise environment and promote adherence and retention will be utilized. These include promptly contacting participants who miss a session, scheduling makeup sessions, and offering individual counseling sessions to discuss strategies to promote attendance and limit obstacles to participation.

Intervention Type OTHER

Calorie-Restricted Diet

Diet plans will provide a caloric deficit of 500 kcals per day. The lowest calorie level permitted will be 1,100 kcals for women and 1,200 kcals for men. The calorie distribution goal will be 15-20% from protein, \<30% from fat, and 45-60% from carbohydrates. Participants will consume 2 meal replacements per day (Premier Protein shakes and bars); provided by the study)), along with one meal composed of traditional foods (500-750 kcals, low in fat, high in vegetables), and 1-3 snacks as needed (e.g., cereal bar, fruit, or vegetable, providing 100-150 kcals each). For the meal, patients will follow a weekly menu plan and recipes provided by the study. The food plan will be tailored to individual preferences and energy needs.

Intervention Type DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT

Behavioral Modification

During months 1-3, participants will attend weekly individual behavioral counseling sessions with the study registered dietitian (RD); individual sessions will be held twice per month during months 4-6. The sessions will focus on self-monitoring, portion control, mindful eating, coping with negative thoughts, eating at regular times, and stress management. The RD will review individual progress, solve problems, answer questions, and set weight loss goals.

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Weight-Loss Compliance

Participants will be asked to record their food and beverage intake in daily logs which will be reviewed weekly by the RD to verify compliance to the diet. Body weight will be measured weekly to ensure that participants are losing weight at an appropriate rate. If a participant is not meeting weight loss goals, energy intake will be modified accordingly to produce the desired rate of weight loss.

Intervention Type OTHER

Dietary Counseling

Participants have one meeting with the Rehab dietitian upon starting.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* documented CHD defined as hospitalization for MI/heart attack coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (i.e., angioplasty, stent)
* age = 40 and older
* overweight or obese based on an elevated BMI (≥25 kg/m2)

Exclusion Criteria

* body weight \>450 lbs
* congestive heart failure (ejection fraction \<35%)
* advanced kidney disease (on dialysis, or dialysis anticipated within 6 months)
* cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment \[MoCA\] score \<22)
* major depression (Patient Health Questionnaire \[PHQ-9\] ≥20)
* severe pulmonary disease (i.e., oxygen-dependent)
* significant impairment from a prior stroke or other neurologic disease or injury
* high risk for non-adherence (i.e., unwilling or unable to comply with study requirements)
* current participation in physical therapy or another weight loss study
* current or recent use of weight loss medications (e.g., orlistat)
* prior weight loss procedure
* drug/substance abuse or excessive alcohol (\> 14 drinks per week) within the past 6 months
* pregnant or pre-menopausal women
* peanut allergy
* milk allergy/lactose intolerance
Minimum Eligible Age

40 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Tina Brinkley, PhD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Locations

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Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center

Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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1R56HL134989-01A1

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

IRB00046110

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id