Pain Education for Patients With Low Back Pain in Nepal: A Feasibility Study

NCT ID: NCT03387228

Last Updated: 2018-05-31

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

40 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-02-16

Study Completion Date

2018-04-30

Brief Summary

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The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a full randomized clinical trial for assessing the effects of pain education as an intervention for patients with LBP in a physiotherapy facility in Nepal. The primary objectives of the study are related to feasibility of randomized clinical trial including: (1) willingness to participate in a clinical trial, (2) acceptability of random allocation to one of the two study groups, (3) feasibility of blinding the assessor(s), (4) eligibility and recruitment rates, (5) acceptability of screening procedures, (6) possible contamination between the groups, (7) credibility of pain education for patients with LBP, (8) adherence to intervention, (9) satisfaction of treatment, and (10) difficulty in understanding the content of pain education.

To address the study objectives, an assessor-blinded, two arm randomized feasibility study was designed. Forty patients with LBP will be randomly allocated to one of the two study arms, (1) pain education in the experimental group, and (2) evidence based care in the control group (CG).

Detailed Description

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This is a feasibility study that is being performed to determine if a full randomized controlled trial (RCT) can be successfully conducted and if it should be conducted. The definition of a feasibility study highlights the question, "Can this study be done?" The SPIRIT statement and the CONSORT statement- extension to pilot and feasibility randomized study will be followed in the planning and reporting of the protocol and the manuscript of this feasibility study respectively.

The study will be assessor blind two-arm feasibility clinical trial study. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) and University of Otago Human Ethics Committee. The study will be conducted in the Sahara Rehabilitation Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal which is a private hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Overview of the study: Advertisement of the study will be made in social media. Interested candidates will be screened for eligibility. Eligible patients with LBP will be enrolled in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. All the participants in the experimental group will receive pain education and those in the control group will receive usual (evidence based) physiotherapy care. All the participants will be assessed at baseline, and follow-up assessment approximately after a week of randomization.

Participant screening and recruitment: Consecutive participants with non-specific low back pain will be invited to participate in this study. Interested candidates will be explained the study purpose, benefits and harms of the intervention, time required for the completion of the study, follow-up duration, voluntary nature of participation, cost of participation, and the rights to withdraw from the study at any point. A participant information sheet will be provided to all potential participants. If the potential participants are interested in participating, they will be screened for eligibility by a research assistant who is a physiotherapist. If the participants are found eligible, informed consent will be obtained. For those who cannot sign the consent, a witness will sign on their behalf, or the study participant will provide a thumb print on the form for those who cannot write or sign the form as per the ethical guidelines provided by NHRC. Patients with no education and who cannot sign an informed consent will be included in order to increase the inclusion of uneducated or low education group, given that 31% people in Nepal who are five years old or more cannot read and write. Additionally, exploration of feasibility of pain education in those with no schooling or low educational attainment is important in order to inform clinical practice.

Participants will be informed that they will receive one of the two treatments randomly. It will be highlighted that both of the treatment options are thought to be effective for low back pain, and that the goal of the main study is to compare the interventions, however the current study will more specifically evaluate the feasibility of such a study. There will be no restriction on the participants on both the groups in the pharmacological interventions they receive, however, participants in the intervention group will be restricted on receiving other physiotherapy interventions on day 1 only. All the participants will continue to receive the regular interventions provided by the centre from the second visit after follow-up assessment in the second week.

Group Allocation, Randomization and Blinding: Random number sequence will be generated by a researcher not involved in data collection or providing treatment using www.random.org. Allocation concealment will be performed using opaque, sealed envelopes. The participants will be allocated to one of the two groups by a hospital staff who is not the assessor. The two groups are: Group 1: Pain education group (PEG); and Group 2: Control group (CG).

Conditions

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Low Back Pain, Mechanical

Keywords

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back pain low back pain Explain Pain Pain education

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Feasibility of a two group randomized clinical trial.
Primary Study Purpose

OTHER

Blinding Strategy

SINGLE

Outcome Assessors
Outcome assessor and statistician performing data analysis will be masked for the group allocation of all the participants.

Study Groups

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Pain education group (PEG)

Pain education based on Explain Pain developed by Moseley and Butler in 2003.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Pain education

Intervention Type OTHER

Pain education intervention we plan to use is based on Explain Pain developed by Moseley and Butler in 2003. The pain education handout and materials produced in Nepali will be proof-read and pre-tested in 5 - 10 Nepalese with LBP as needed, and corrected, if necessary.

Dosage: A single (approximately) one hour pain education will be delivered to the PEG.

Home advice: A printed handout of the pain education material will be provided only to the study participants in the PEG. Participants will be advised to read them (or have family members read them), followed by walking for 30 minutes.

Control group (CG)

Evidence based physiotherapy care brief education, superficial heat, massage, and exercise.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Control group

Intervention Type OTHER

The control participants will receive physiotherapy care based on the recent clinical practice guidelines. This control group intervention will comprise of: (1) education (advice to remain active); (2) massage to back; (3) superficial heat; and (4) static cycling or (treadmill) walking with the aim to promote physical activity. Although superficial heat is recommended in the acute/subacute LBP, we included this as a common treatment for all types of LBP including chronic LBP, which could be a part of self-management.

Duration of treatment: 1 hour. Home advice: Participants will be advised to self-manage their back pain based on the information provided. Home exercise leaflet with emphasis on the value of exercise to increase strength and endurance, followed by a 30 minutes walking.

Interventions

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Pain education

Pain education intervention we plan to use is based on Explain Pain developed by Moseley and Butler in 2003. The pain education handout and materials produced in Nepali will be proof-read and pre-tested in 5 - 10 Nepalese with LBP as needed, and corrected, if necessary.

Dosage: A single (approximately) one hour pain education will be delivered to the PEG.

Home advice: A printed handout of the pain education material will be provided only to the study participants in the PEG. Participants will be advised to read them (or have family members read them), followed by walking for 30 minutes.

Intervention Type OTHER

Control group

The control participants will receive physiotherapy care based on the recent clinical practice guidelines. This control group intervention will comprise of: (1) education (advice to remain active); (2) massage to back; (3) superficial heat; and (4) static cycling or (treadmill) walking with the aim to promote physical activity. Although superficial heat is recommended in the acute/subacute LBP, we included this as a common treatment for all types of LBP including chronic LBP, which could be a part of self-management.

Duration of treatment: 1 hour. Home advice: Participants will be advised to self-manage their back pain based on the information provided. Home exercise leaflet with emphasis on the value of exercise to increase strength and endurance, followed by a 30 minutes walking.

Intervention Type OTHER

Eligibility Criteria

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Exclusion Criteria

* any duration with pain,
* pain primarily localized between T12 and gluteal folds,
* age 18 years or older,
* average pain intensity reported as moderate, or severe, or very severe on a PROMIS five- point PROMIS Pain Intensity Short-form Scale over the past week,
* is a Nepalese and is able to understand and speak Nepali fluently.


* Participants with likely specific causes of LBP will be excluded using a triage procedure as suggested by Bardin and colleagues,
* having history of prolonged use of corticosteroid,
* history of malignancy,
* recent history of fever or chills,
* history of other diseases associated with compromise in immune system,
* history of recent spinal surgery or dental procedures,
* history of recent history of trauma to spine or a spine fracture,
* history of bladder and bowel dysfunction,
* history of perineal or saddle anaesthesia,
* history of weakness of lower extremity or loss of sensation in lower extremity. -
* current pregnancy,
* history of diagnosed mental health conditions (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) that would limit successful participation.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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University of Otago

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Washington

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of South Australia

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Saurab Sharma

Assistant Professor

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Saurab Sharma, MPT

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences

Locations

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Sahara Physiotherapy Hospital

Kathmandu, , Nepal

Site Status

Countries

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Nepal

References

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Sharma S, Jensen MP, Moseley GL, Abbott JH. Results of a feasibility randomised clinical trial on pain education for low back pain in Nepal: the Pain Education in Nepal-Low Back Pain (PEN-LBP) feasibility trial. BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 27;9(3):e026874. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026874.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30918037 (View on PubMed)

Sharma S, Jensen MP, Moseley GL, Abbott JH. Pain education for patients with non-specific low back pain in Nepal: protocol of a feasibility randomised clinical trial (PEN-LBP Trial). BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 10;8(8):e022423. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022423.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 30099402 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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NHRC-422/2017

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id