Trial Outcomes & Findings for Project POINT: Effectiveness and Scalability of an Overdose Survivor Intervention (NCT NCT03336268)
NCT ID: NCT03336268
Last Updated: 2023-10-06
Results Overview
Total participants presenting to the emergency department (ED) for an opioid overdose.
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
249 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollment
Results posted on
2023-10-06
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
POINT
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
159
|
90
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
159
|
90
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Project POINT: Effectiveness and Scalability of an Overdose Survivor Intervention
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
Total
n=243 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
153 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
84 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
237 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Age, Continuous
|
35 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.1 • n=5 Participants
|
37.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=7 Participants
|
35.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 • n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Female
|
68 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
32 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
100 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Male
|
88 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
142 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Sex/Gender, Customized
Other
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
139 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
75 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
214 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
157 participants
n=5 Participants
|
86 participants
n=7 Participants
|
243 participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Healthy Indiana Plan (HIP)
|
91 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
45 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
136 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Medicaid
|
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Medicare
|
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Private (exchange, employer-based)
|
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Other
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
None
|
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
20 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
|
Insurance Status
Unknown
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants presenting to the emergency department (ED) for an opioid overdose.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
18 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
10 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
5 Participants
|
4 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
0 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
3 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
11 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
15 Participants
|
11 Participants
|
|
Opioid Overdose
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
26 Participants
|
15 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants with buprenorphine prescriptions, naltrexone prescriptions, or dosed methadone.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
46 Participants
|
16 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
36 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
24 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
8 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
36 Participants
|
14 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
49 Participants
|
26 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
65 Participants
|
28 Participants
|
|
Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
77 Participants
|
38 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentPopulation: Of the 243 participants matched to administrative records, only 243 unique participants were found to have a prescription for a MOUD within the outcome measure time frame and included in this analysis.
Total days of supply of buprenorphine prescriptions, naltrexone prescriptions, or methadone dosed for participants with a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
45.0 days
Interval 16.0 to 194.0
|
44.6 days
Interval 27.0 to 121.0
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
41.0 days
Interval 14.0 to 88.1
|
29.0 days
Interval 18.0 to 97.0
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
16.0 days
Interval 10.4 to 43.4
|
36.9 days
Interval 14.0 to 48.9
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
14.0 days
Interval 9.0 to 19.0
|
14.0 days
Interval 9.0 to 14.0
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
17.7 days
Interval 6.7 to 24.9
|
15.9 days
Interval 8.0 to 30.0
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
39.0 days
Interval 21.0 to 64.3
|
30.0 days
Interval 8.0 to 63.3
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
47.6 days
Interval 21.6 to 95.0
|
47.3 days
Interval 36.0 to 106.5
|
|
Duration of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Engagement
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
84.0 days
Interval 30.0 to 168.0
|
53.5 days
Interval 22.0 to 207.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants presented to the Emergency Department for any medical reason.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
34 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
63 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
99 Participants
|
52 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
77 Participants
|
43 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
55 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
29 Participants
|
18 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
82 Participants
|
47 Participants
|
|
Emergency Department Presentations
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
102 Participants
|
56 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants admitted to the hospital for any medical reason.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
48 Participants
|
17 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
44 Participants
|
23 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
29 Participants
|
17 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
21 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
10 Participants
|
4 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
52 Participants
|
20 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
58 Participants
|
27 Participants
|
|
Inpatient Hospital Admissions
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
71 Participants
|
36 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Enrollment through 6 & 12 months post-enrollmentRelapse-free survival probability for 6 months and 12 months. Participants who did not have ED presentation were censored at 1) time of 6 month or 12 months, 2) one's last day in the study, 3) overdose death date, whichever is the earliest.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Time to Relapse
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
0.85 probability
Interval 0.79 to 0.9
|
0.84 probability
Interval 0.75 to 0.91
|
|
Time to Relapse
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
0.77 probability
Interval 0.7 to 0.83
|
0.74 probability
Interval 0.63 to 0.82
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Enrollment through 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-enrollmentPopulation: Only participants without insurance at the time of enrollment (N=50) were included in this analysis.
Total participants without insurance coverage at enrollment that enrolled in Medicaid.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=30 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=20 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants Without Insurance
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
10 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants Without Insurance
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
13 Participants
|
8 Participants
|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants Without Insurance
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
16 Participants
|
15 Participants
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 years pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal open child welfare cases.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
3 months post-enrollment
|
1 open cases
|
2 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
36 months pre-enrollment
|
20 open cases
|
13 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
24 months pre-enrollment
|
19 open cases
|
12 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
12 months pre-enrollment
|
10 open cases
|
8 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
6 months pre-enrollment
|
5 open cases
|
4 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
3 months pre-enrollment
|
2 open cases
|
1 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
1 month pre-enrollment
|
0 open cases
|
0 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
1 month post-enrollment
|
1 open cases
|
1 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
6 months post-enrollment
|
4 open cases
|
4 open cases
|
|
Child Welfare Involvement
12 months post-enrollment
|
9 open cases
|
4 open cases
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 3 years pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentPopulation: Though enrollment occurred in two Indiana counties, incarceration records were only accessible for the 212 participants enrolled in Marion County (129 in the POINT arm and 83 in Standard Care) as the other county does not have publicly accessible records. Of these, a total of 145 unique participants were found to have been incarcerated within the outcome measure time frame and included in this analysis.
Total days experienced incarceration.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=83 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=62 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Incarceration
Within 3 years pre-enrollment
|
88.0 days
Interval 17.0 to 263.0
|
73.5 days
Interval 11.0 to 347.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 2 years pre-enrollment
|
39.0 days
Interval 11.0 to 157.0
|
30.5 days
Interval 9.0 to 183.5
|
|
Incarceration
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
10.0 days
Interval 3.0 to 47.0
|
18.0 days
Interval 5.0 to 76.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
6.5 days
Interval 3.0 to 21.5
|
10.5 days
Interval 5.0 to 71.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
5.5 days
Interval 2.5 to 19.5
|
8.5 days
Interval 4.0 to 25.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
6.5 days
Interval 3.5 to 14.5
|
3.0 days
Interval 2.0 to 13.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
13.0 days
Interval 5.0 to 24.0
|
5.5 days
Interval 3.0 to 8.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
11.0 days
Interval 4.0 to 44.0
|
9.0 days
Interval 4.0 to 50.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
15.0 days
Interval 4.5 to 51.0
|
10.0 days
Interval 3.0 to 39.0
|
|
Incarceration
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
19.0 days
Interval 5.0 to 104.0
|
13.0 days
Interval 6.0 to 47.0
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants with opioid prescriptions, excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) prescriptions.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
44 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
31 Participants
|
20 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
18 Participants
|
15 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
18 Participants
|
15 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
18 Participants
|
15 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
8 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
14 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
|
Opioid Prescriptions (Excluding Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) Prescriptions)
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
19 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants with benzodiazepine prescriptions.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
17 Participants
|
11 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
16 Participants
|
8 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
13 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
6 Participants
|
5 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
10 Participants
|
5 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
15 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
17 Participants
|
7 Participants
|
|
Benzodiazepine Prescriptions
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
21 Participants
|
11 Participants
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: 1 year pre-enrollment through 1 year post-enrollmentTotal participants with Narcan prescriptions.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 12 months pre-enrollment
|
10 Participants
|
4 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 6 months pre-enrollment
|
7 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 3 months pre-enrollment
|
5 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 1 month pre-enrollment
|
3 Participants
|
0 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 1 month post-enrollment
|
7 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
11 Participants
|
3 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
13 Participants
|
6 Participants
|
|
Narcan Prescriptions
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
17 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
POST_HOC outcome
Timeframe: Enrollment through 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-enrollment.Population: Only participants with insurance at the time of enrollment (N=193) were included in this analysis.
Total participants with insurance coverage at enrollment that enrolled in Medicaid.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
POINT
n=127 Participants
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=66 Participants
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants With Insurance
Within 3 months post-enrollment
|
78 Participants
|
38 Participants
|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants With Insurance
Within 6 months post-enrollment
|
83 Participants
|
41 Participants
|
|
Medicaid Enrollment for Participants With Insurance
Within 12 months post-enrollment
|
86 Participants
|
47 Participants
|
Adverse Events
POINT
Serious events: 102 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 25 deaths
Standard Care
Serious events: 56 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 16 deaths
Serious adverse events
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 participants at risk
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 participants at risk
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Opioid Overdose
|
18.5%
29/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
22.1%
19/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
|
General disorders
Emergency Department Presentation
|
65.0%
102/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
65.1%
56/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
|
General disorders
Inpatient Hospital Admission
|
45.2%
71/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
41.9%
36/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
Other adverse events
| Measure |
POINT
n=157 participants at risk
This arm will be offered both POINT services (in addition to standard emergency care) and enrollment in study data collection. If they choose to enroll in POINT, they may choose whether or not to enroll in data collection, as it is not required. Should they enroll in data collection, they will be consented and enrolled in the research study as a participant in the POINT study arm.
POINT: A recovery coach meets patients in the ED after they have been revived from an overdose to offer a range of services including an assessment of high-risk behaviors, Hep C/HIV testing, harm reduction counseling, and treatment referrals with follow-up to either a medication assisted treatment (MAT) provider, detoxification services, or an inpatient treatment setting. Patients are offered a take-home naloxone kit and assistance with Medicaid enrollment. Close collaboration with the local community mental health provider ensures POINT patients have their first assessment for MAT within 1-2 business days of ED discharge. Also, recovery coaches offer to accompany patients to intake appointments or criminal justice and child welfare meetings as part of the standard care they deliver.
|
Standard Care
n=86 participants at risk
This arm will only be offered enrollment in study data collection, as they will receive standard emergency care. If they choose to enroll, they will be consented in the research study as the Standard Care arm.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social circumstances
Violation of Confidentiality
|
0.00%
0/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
0.00%
0/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
|
Social circumstances
Discomfort Due to Interview
|
0.00%
0/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
0.00%
0/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
|
Social circumstances
Disclosure of Information About Harm to Self/Others
|
0.00%
0/157 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
0.00%
0/86 • One year pre-enrollment through one year post-enrollment.
Serious adverse events included: all-cause mortality, opioid-related overdoses, presentation to the emergency department for any medical reason, and admission to the hospital for any medical reason. Data for these events come from administrative data pulls. Adverse events included: violation of confidentiality, discomfort due to the interview process, and disclosure of information about harm to self or others. Information for these events come from direct participant reporting.
|
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place