Trial Outcomes & Findings for Charge: A Text Messaging-based Weight Loss Intervention (NCT NCT03254940)

NCT ID: NCT03254940

Last Updated: 2025-04-10

Results Overview

Mean change in weight in kg (6 months post-randomization- baseline weight)

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

534 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

baseline, 6 months

Results posted on

2025-04-10

Participant Flow

Those who were eligible and consented to be in the study, prior to randomization.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Overall Study
STARTED
17
16
17
17
16
15
17
17
18
17
18
16
16
15
18
16
18
16
15
17
18
16
15
17
18
17
17
17
16
15
19
17
Overall Study
COMPLETED
11
12
10
14
11
11
13
13
13
13
9
13
14
10
12
13
14
12
11
11
13
10
9
12
12
14
13
15
12
13
13
12
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
6
4
7
3
5
4
4
4
5
4
9
3
2
5
6
3
4
4
4
6
5
6
6
5
6
3
4
2
4
2
6
5

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Charge: A Text Messaging-based Weight Loss Intervention

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=16 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=16 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
n=19 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
n=17 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Total
n=534 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender - Self Described · Female
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
12 Participants
n=21 Participants
11 Participants
n=8 Participants
12 Participants
n=8 Participants
12 Participants
n=24 Participants
13 Participants
n=42 Participants
12 Participants
n=42 Participants
12 Participants
n=42 Participants
12 Participants
n=42 Participants
12 Participants
n=36 Participants
11 Participants
n=36 Participants
12 Participants
n=24 Participants
12 Participants
n=135 Participants
13 Participants
n=136 Participants
12 Participants
n=44 Participants
11 Participants
n=667 Participants
13 Participants
n=15 Participants
12 Participants
n=40 Participants
11 Participants
n=40 Participants
11 Participants
n=41 Participants
13 Participants
n=600 Participants
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
12 Participants
n=26 Participants
12 Participants
n=12 Participants
12 Participants
n=206 Participants
11 Participants
n=12 Participants
13 Participants
n=12 Participants
12 Participants
n=12 Participants
386 Participants
n=384 Participants
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
0 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
0 Participants
n=667 Participants
0 Participants
n=15 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
0 Participants
n=600 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=26 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=384 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
17 Participants
n=4 Participants
16 Participants
n=21 Participants
15 Participants
n=8 Participants
17 Participants
n=8 Participants
17 Participants
n=24 Participants
18 Participants
n=42 Participants
17 Participants
n=42 Participants
18 Participants
n=42 Participants
16 Participants
n=42 Participants
16 Participants
n=36 Participants
15 Participants
n=36 Participants
17 Participants
n=24 Participants
16 Participants
n=135 Participants
18 Participants
n=136 Participants
16 Participants
n=44 Participants
15 Participants
n=667 Participants
17 Participants
n=15 Participants
18 Participants
n=40 Participants
16 Participants
n=40 Participants
14 Participants
n=41 Participants
17 Participants
n=600 Participants
18 Participants
n=4 Participants
16 Participants
n=4 Participants
17 Participants
n=26 Participants
17 Participants
n=12 Participants
16 Participants
n=206 Participants
15 Participants
n=12 Participants
19 Participants
n=12 Participants
16 Participants
n=12 Participants
530 Participants
n=384 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
0 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
0 Participants
n=667 Participants
0 Participants
n=15 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
0 Participants
n=600 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=26 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
4 Participants
n=384 Participants
Age, Continuous
35.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 • n=5 Participants
39.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.3 • n=7 Participants
46.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.7 • n=5 Participants
44.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.6 • n=4 Participants
39.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.5 • n=21 Participants
46.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.8 • n=8 Participants
40.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.9 • n=8 Participants
41.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.8 • n=24 Participants
37.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.7 • n=42 Participants
43.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.8 • n=42 Participants
42.8 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.9 • n=42 Participants
41.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 • n=42 Participants
45.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.7 • n=36 Participants
45.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.9 • n=36 Participants
41.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.3 • n=24 Participants
40.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 • n=135 Participants
42.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.2 • n=136 Participants
44.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.4 • n=44 Participants
42.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.9 • n=667 Participants
41.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=15 Participants
42.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.4 • n=40 Participants
37.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=40 Participants
43.2 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.0 • n=41 Participants
34.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.4 • n=600 Participants
33.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=4 Participants
36.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 • n=4 Participants
33.4 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 • n=26 Participants
32.5 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=12 Participants
36.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=206 Participants
34.3 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=12 Participants
32.0 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 • n=12 Participants
34.6 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.8 • n=12 Participants
33.9 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=384 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender - Self Described · Other (self described as genderqueer or nonbinary)
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
0 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
0 Participants
n=667 Participants
0 Participants
n=15 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
0 Participants
n=600 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=26 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
3 Participants
n=384 Participants
Sex/Gender, Customized
Gender - Self Described · Male
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
4 Participants
n=21 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
5 Participants
n=8 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
4 Participants
n=42 Participants
4 Participants
n=36 Participants
4 Participants
n=36 Participants
6 Participants
n=24 Participants
4 Participants
n=135 Participants
5 Participants
n=136 Participants
4 Participants
n=44 Participants
4 Participants
n=667 Participants
4 Participants
n=15 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
5 Participants
n=40 Participants
4 Participants
n=41 Participants
4 Participants
n=600 Participants
5 Participants
n=4 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
5 Participants
n=26 Participants
5 Participants
n=12 Participants
4 Participants
n=206 Participants
4 Participants
n=12 Participants
5 Participants
n=12 Participants
5 Participants
n=12 Participants
145 Participants
n=384 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Non-Hispanic Black
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
2 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
4 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
3 Participants
n=36 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
4 Participants
n=135 Participants
1 Participants
n=136 Participants
1 Participants
n=44 Participants
3 Participants
n=667 Participants
3 Participants
n=15 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
5 Participants
n=41 Participants
2 Participants
n=600 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
1 Participants
n=26 Participants
2 Participants
n=12 Participants
4 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
3 Participants
n=12 Participants
77 Participants
n=384 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Non-Hispanic White
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
14 Participants
n=7 Participants
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
12 Participants
n=4 Participants
10 Participants
n=21 Participants
10 Participants
n=8 Participants
10 Participants
n=8 Participants
13 Participants
n=24 Participants
11 Participants
n=42 Participants
11 Participants
n=42 Participants
15 Participants
n=42 Participants
11 Participants
n=42 Participants
12 Participants
n=36 Participants
10 Participants
n=36 Participants
11 Participants
n=24 Participants
11 Participants
n=135 Participants
13 Participants
n=136 Participants
15 Participants
n=44 Participants
11 Participants
n=667 Participants
10 Participants
n=15 Participants
13 Participants
n=40 Participants
12 Participants
n=40 Participants
10 Participants
n=41 Participants
14 Participants
n=600 Participants
13 Participants
n=4 Participants
14 Participants
n=4 Participants
12 Participants
n=26 Participants
13 Participants
n=12 Participants
9 Participants
n=206 Participants
14 Participants
n=12 Participants
18 Participants
n=12 Participants
13 Participants
n=12 Participants
391 Participants
n=384 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Hispanic (all races)
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
3 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
3 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=36 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=135 Participants
3 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
0 Participants
n=667 Participants
2 Participants
n=15 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
1 Participants
n=600 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=26 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
3 Participants
n=206 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
36 Participants
n=384 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity · Non-Hispanic Other
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
1 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=8 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
1 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
1 Participants
n=667 Participants
2 Participants
n=15 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
0 Participants
n=600 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=26 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
30 Participants
n=384 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
17 participants
n=5 Participants
16 participants
n=7 Participants
17 participants
n=5 Participants
17 participants
n=4 Participants
16 participants
n=21 Participants
15 participants
n=8 Participants
17 participants
n=8 Participants
17 participants
n=24 Participants
18 participants
n=42 Participants
17 participants
n=42 Participants
18 participants
n=42 Participants
16 participants
n=42 Participants
16 participants
n=36 Participants
15 participants
n=36 Participants
18 participants
n=24 Participants
16 participants
n=135 Participants
18 participants
n=136 Participants
16 participants
n=44 Participants
15 participants
n=667 Participants
17 participants
n=15 Participants
18 participants
n=40 Participants
16 participants
n=40 Participants
15 participants
n=41 Participants
17 participants
n=600 Participants
18 participants
n=4 Participants
17 participants
n=4 Participants
17 participants
n=26 Participants
17 participants
n=12 Participants
16 participants
n=206 Participants
15 participants
n=12 Participants
19 participants
n=12 Participants
17 participants
n=12 Participants
534 participants
n=384 Participants
BMI
34.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6 • n=5 Participants
33.2 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.9 • n=7 Participants
30.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.8 • n=5 Participants
32.7 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 • n=4 Participants
34.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 • n=21 Participants
33.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 • n=8 Participants
32.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.5 • n=8 Participants
35.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.3 • n=24 Participants
36.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.3 • n=42 Participants
32.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.2 • n=42 Participants
34.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.2 • n=42 Participants
33.7 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.4 • n=42 Participants
35.8 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.4 • n=36 Participants
32.5 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.7 • n=36 Participants
36.7 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 • n=24 Participants
32.8 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.9 • n=135 Participants
32.1 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=136 Participants
34.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=44 Participants
32.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.6 • n=667 Participants
32.8 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=15 Participants
33.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=40 Participants
36.2 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.9 • n=40 Participants
33.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.6 • n=41 Participants
34.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.4 • n=600 Participants
33.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.5 • n=4 Participants
36.3 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.4 • n=4 Participants
33.4 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.2 • n=26 Participants
32.5 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=12 Participants
36.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.1 • n=206 Participants
34.3 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.7 • n=12 Participants
32.0 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.8 • n=12 Participants
34.6 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.7 • n=12 Participants
33.9 kg/m^2
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 • n=384 Participants
Personal income
Missing
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=21 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=8 Participants
0 Participants
n=24 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
2 Participants
n=36 Participants
0 Participants
n=36 Participants
1 Participants
n=24 Participants
0 Participants
n=135 Participants
0 Participants
n=136 Participants
0 Participants
n=44 Participants
3 Participants
n=667 Participants
1 Participants
n=15 Participants
1 Participants
n=40 Participants
0 Participants
n=40 Participants
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
0 Participants
n=600 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
0 Participants
n=26 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=206 Participants
1 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
20 Participants
n=384 Participants
Personal income
Less than $25,000
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
4 Participants
n=21 Participants
2 Participants
n=8 Participants
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
4 Participants
n=24 Participants
5 Participants
n=42 Participants
0 Participants
n=42 Participants
1 Participants
n=42 Participants
4 Participants
n=42 Participants
3 Participants
n=36 Participants
4 Participants
n=36 Participants
5 Participants
n=24 Participants
4 Participants
n=135 Participants
3 Participants
n=136 Participants
2 Participants
n=44 Participants
1 Participants
n=667 Participants
3 Participants
n=15 Participants
3 Participants
n=40 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
7 Participants
n=600 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
8 Participants
n=26 Participants
0 Participants
n=12 Participants
1 Participants
n=206 Participants
4 Participants
n=12 Participants
3 Participants
n=12 Participants
2 Participants
n=12 Participants
100 Participants
n=384 Participants
Personal income
$25,000 through $49,999
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
7 Participants
n=21 Participants
6 Participants
n=8 Participants
3 Participants
n=8 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
8 Participants
n=42 Participants
6 Participants
n=42 Participants
6 Participants
n=42 Participants
4 Participants
n=42 Participants
5 Participants
n=36 Participants
5 Participants
n=36 Participants
3 Participants
n=24 Participants
3 Participants
n=135 Participants
5 Participants
n=136 Participants
5 Participants
n=44 Participants
1 Participants
n=667 Participants
2 Participants
n=15 Participants
4 Participants
n=40 Participants
2 Participants
n=40 Participants
5 Participants
n=41 Participants
2 Participants
n=600 Participants
4 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
2 Participants
n=26 Participants
4 Participants
n=12 Participants
8 Participants
n=206 Participants
3 Participants
n=12 Participants
6 Participants
n=12 Participants
5 Participants
n=12 Participants
135 Participants
n=384 Participants
Personal income
$50,000 and greater
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
7 Participants
n=7 Participants
11 Participants
n=5 Participants
10 Participants
n=4 Participants
5 Participants
n=21 Participants
7 Participants
n=8 Participants
8 Participants
n=8 Participants
10 Participants
n=24 Participants
4 Participants
n=42 Participants
10 Participants
n=42 Participants
11 Participants
n=42 Participants
7 Participants
n=42 Participants
6 Participants
n=36 Participants
6 Participants
n=36 Participants
9 Participants
n=24 Participants
9 Participants
n=135 Participants
10 Participants
n=136 Participants
9 Participants
n=44 Participants
10 Participants
n=667 Participants
11 Participants
n=15 Participants
10 Participants
n=40 Participants
12 Participants
n=40 Participants
8 Participants
n=41 Participants
8 Participants
n=600 Participants
9 Participants
n=4 Participants
10 Participants
n=4 Participants
7 Participants
n=26 Participants
12 Participants
n=12 Participants
7 Participants
n=206 Participants
7 Participants
n=12 Participants
10 Participants
n=12 Participants
10 Participants
n=12 Participants
279 Participants
n=384 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

Population: The primary outcome was 6-month change in weight (kg), measured at each in-person visit.

Mean change in weight in kg (6 months post-randomization- baseline weight)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=10 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=9 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=10 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=14 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=10 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=9 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Average Weight Change
0.1 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.3
-0.4 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.7
-3.4 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 4.3
-0.8 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 4.8
-3.3 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 8.1
-1.3 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.8
-0.9 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.6
-2.3 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.6
-2.9 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.8
-0.7 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.3
-1.0 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.6
-3.0 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.8
-2.9 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.5
-1.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.3
-2.1 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 7.2
-2.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.8
-3.1 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 4.3
-4.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.9
-2.8 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.7
-1.9 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 4.6
-1.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.0
-0.3 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 4.1
-0.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 2.2
-1.0 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.9
-2.7 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.3
-3.3 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.2
-2.4 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 5.5
-1.8 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.3
-3.5 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.2
-2.8 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.4
0.2 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 3.6
-1.0 Weight in kg
Standard Deviation 6.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

Population: Average change in REAP-S score (6-months - baseline).

To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in dietary intake using The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants - Shortened version (REAP-S). The range of score is 13 to 39, where a higher score indicates more healthy dietary intake.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=16 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=8 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=10 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=10 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=14 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=14 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
n=14 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Change in Diet
0.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4
2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5
4.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
1.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.8
3.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.8
2.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.4
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.5
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.9
1.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.5
2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.9
2.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.2
2.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.6
2.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.3
2.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
3.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.7
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
2.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.8
1.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
0.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.2
2.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.6
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.6
2.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.9
1.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
1.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.6
3.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.1
2.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.1
1.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.4
1.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
1.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.7
0.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.0
3.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: baseline, 6 months

Population: Average difference of GPAC 2 scores at 6 months as compared to baseline

To experimentally determine the effects of text messaging components and levels on change in weekly minutes of physical activity based on the WHO Global Physical Activity Questionnaire version 2 (GPAC 2). The range of scores is 0 minutes/week to 10,080 minutes/week (maximum number of minutes in a week).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=9 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=8 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=10 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=8 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=7 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
n=14 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=8 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=12 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=15 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
n=13 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
n=11 Participants
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Average Change in Physical Activity
202.2 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 718.6
103.8 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 208.5
256.8 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 762.0
335.6 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 449.9
88.6 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 138.2
241.5 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 684.8
390.6 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 859.0
202.9 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 385.5
106.9 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 285.8
159.2 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 381.2
143.1 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 413.5
319.1 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 620.3
81.2 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 754.5
390.0 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 732.4
41.1 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 208.1
-26.4 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 274.2
-76.5 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 382.6
70.0 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 548.8
48.2 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 264.0
-362.7 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 2225.4
45.0 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 154.1
75.0 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 171.6
-54.4 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 525.8
95.9 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 325.8
197.7 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 401.9
201.3 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 646.4
105.8 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 419.4
-21.3 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 418.1
-76.9 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 272.2
408.2 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 652.0
505.5 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 1167.1
48.6 minutes per week
Standard Deviation 302.4

Adverse Events

Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Experimental: Arm 1: WT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 2: WT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 3: WT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 4: WT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 5: WT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 6: WT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 7: WT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 8: WT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 9: WT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 10: WT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 11: WT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 12: WT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 13: WT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 14: WT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders,summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 15: WT-EM-MR-SF-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 16: WT-EM-MR-SF-CG
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: weekly tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 17: DT-SM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 18: DT-SM-OR-SS-CG
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 19: DT-SM-OR-SF-CS
n=15 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 20: DT-SM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 21: DT-SM-MR-SS-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 22: DT-SM-MR-SS-CG
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group.
Experimental: Arm 23: DT-SM-MR-SF-CS
n=15 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self.
Experimental: Arm 24: DT-SM-MR-SF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, self-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 25: DT-EM-OR-SS-CS
n=18 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 26: DT-EM-OR-SS-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 27: DT-EM-OR-SF-CS
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 28: DT-EM-OR-SF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, one reminder, specific goal feedback, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 29: DT-EM-MR-SS-CS
n=16 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 30: DT-EM-MR-SS-CG
n=15 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, summary score, compare to group
Experimental: Arm 31: DT-EM-MR-GF-CS
n=19 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to self
Experimental: Arm 32: DT-EM-MR-GF-CG
n=17 participants at risk
Charge: daily tracking, expert-generated motivational messages, multiple reminders, specific goal feedback, compare to group.
Endocrine disorders
Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/15 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/18 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/18 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/15 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
5.6%
1/18 • Number of events 1 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/18 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/15 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/18 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/15 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/18 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/16 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/15 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/19 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.
0.00%
0/17 • 1 year, 5 months
We used clinicaltrials.gov definitions and collected adverse event information at study visits.

Additional Information

Dr. Gary G. Bennett (PI/Dean of Trinity College of Arts & Sciences)

Duke University

Phone: (919) 808-7821

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place