Trial Outcomes & Findings for Enhancing Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment (NCT NCT03249350)
NCT ID: NCT03249350
Last Updated: 2025-11-14
Results Overview
Any positive urine screens for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), synthetic THC, amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), cocaine, and/or alcohol metabolites (ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate).
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
129 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
Baseline to 12 months
Results posted on
2025-11-14
Participant Flow
Study participants include adolescents aged 12-18 years with substance use disorders. All 129 adolescents enrolled in the study met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to treatment. Only adolescents were considered enrolled in the study.
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
66
|
63
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
61
|
55
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
5
|
8
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
Participant did not initiate treatment
|
5
|
8
|
Baseline Characteristics
Enhancing Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
Total
n=129 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
14.76 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.49 • n=10 Participants
|
14.98 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.36 • n=10 Participants
|
14.87 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.43 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
24 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
26 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
50 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
42 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
79 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
8 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
57 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
47 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
104 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
3 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
58 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
52 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
110 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
5 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=10 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
66 participants
n=10 Participants
|
63 participants
n=10 Participants
|
129 participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Total Positive Urine Drug Screen
|
0.82 count of positive screens
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.72 • n=10 Participants
|
0.84 count of positive screens
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.65 • n=10 Participants
|
0.83 count of positive screens
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.69 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Any Positive Urine Drug Screen
|
0.68 proportion of participants
n=10 Participants
|
0.73 proportion of participants
n=10 Participants
|
0.71 proportion of participants
n=20 Participants
|
|
Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Substance Problem
|
6.73 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.33 • n=10 Participants
|
7.19 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.73 • n=10 Participants
|
6.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.52 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Substance Dependence
|
3.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.33 • n=10 Participants
|
3.27 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.49 • n=10 Participants
|
3.21 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.4 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Substance Frequency
|
22.89 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.37 • n=10 Participants
|
21.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.42 • n=10 Participants
|
22.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 17.3 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Externalizing Youth Report
|
22.88 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.19 • n=10 Participants
|
24.6 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.09 • n=10 Participants
|
23.72 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.63 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Externalizing Parent Report
|
31.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 15.18 • n=10 Participants
|
28.03 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.91 • n=10 Participants
|
30.04 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.65 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Peer Delinquency
|
15.42 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.75 • n=10 Participants
|
14.83 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.74 • n=10 Participants
|
15.13 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.33 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report
|
16.62 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.92 • n=10 Participants
|
15.16 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.94 • n=10 Participants
|
15.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.33 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Go-No-Go Percent Correct
|
0.74 percent correct
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.15 • n=10 Participants
|
0.74 percent correct
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.15 • n=10 Participants
|
0.74 percent correct
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.15 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report
|
9.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.29 • n=10 Participants
|
10.51 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.56 • n=10 Participants
|
10.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.93 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Involvement - Youth
|
30.53 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.38 • n=10 Participants
|
30.79 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.58 • n=10 Participants
|
30.66 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.98 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Positive Parenting - Youth
|
19.82 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.89 • n=10 Participants
|
19.57 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.51 • n=10 Participants
|
19.7 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.69 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Poor Monitoring - Youth
|
25.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.42 • n=10 Participants
|
24.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.38 • n=10 Participants
|
24.9 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.38 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Inconsistent Discipline- Youth
|
14.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.07 • n=10 Participants
|
14.6 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.48 • n=10 Participants
|
14.71 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.77 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Corporal Punishment - Youth
|
5.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.84 • n=10 Participants
|
5.43 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.54 • n=10 Participants
|
5.26 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.7 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Involvement - Parent
|
24.85 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.89 • n=10 Participants
|
25.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.13 • n=10 Participants
|
25.15 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Positive Parenting - Parent
|
18.09 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.28 • n=10 Participants
|
17.16 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.69 • n=10 Participants
|
17.64 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 3.5 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Poor Monitoring - Parent
|
14.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.26 • n=10 Participants
|
14.89 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.48 • n=10 Participants
|
14.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.35 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Inconsistent Discipline- Parent
|
10.09 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.6 • n=10 Participants
|
10.62 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.03 • n=10 Participants
|
10.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.32 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) Corporal Punishment - Parent
|
1.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.34 • n=10 Participants
|
2.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.25 • n=10 Participants
|
2.03 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.29 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ) Effortful Control Factor - Youth
|
2.96 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.63 • n=10 Participants
|
2.8 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.53 • n=10 Participants
|
2.88 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.59 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire (EATQ) Effortful Control Factor - Parent
|
2.4 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.6 • n=10 Participants
|
2.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.54 • n=10 Participants
|
2.42 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.57 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Drive - Youth
|
11.3 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.41 • n=10 Participants
|
11.19 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.31 • n=10 Participants
|
11.25 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.36 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Fun Seeking - Youth
|
11.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.8 • n=10 Participants
|
12.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.92 • n=10 Participants
|
12.16 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Reward Responsiveness - Youth
|
15.35 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.43 • n=10 Participants
|
15.41 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.32 • n=10 Participants
|
15.38 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.37 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Drive - Parent
|
11.91 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.05 • n=10 Participants
|
11.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.6 • n=10 Participants
|
11.68 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.34 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Fun Seeking - Parent
|
12 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.72 • n=10 Participants
|
11.84 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.95 • n=10 Participants
|
11.92 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.83 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS-BAS) Reward Responsiveness - Parent
|
15.47 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.19 • n=10 Participants
|
15.03 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.36 • n=10 Participants
|
15.26 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.28 • n=20 Participants
|
|
Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) Number of Pumps
|
48.49 pumps
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.17 • n=10 Participants
|
51.72 pumps
STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.33 • n=10 Participants
|
50.05 pumps
STANDARD_DEVIATION 12.79 • n=20 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsAny positive urine screens for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), synthetic THC, amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), cocaine, and/or alcohol metabolites (ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
0.53 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.51
|
0.37 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.49
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
0.44 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.50
|
0.45 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.51
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline timepoint
|
0.68 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.47
|
0.73 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.45
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
0.60 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.49
|
0.55 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.50
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
0.51 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.51
|
0.41 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.50
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores, Any Positive Youth Urine Drug/Alcohol Screens (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
0.50 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.51
|
0.54 positive test per timepoint
Standard Error 0.51
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsYouth problem behaviors as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (parent-report) and the Youth Self Report. This is a 35-item Subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) measuring externalizing behaviors from the youth's self-report. It assesses outward-directed behaviors such as aggression, defiance, hyperactivity, and rule-breaking. Scores range from 0 to 70, where higher scores indicate the presence of more externalizing behavior problems.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
22.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.19
|
24.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.09
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 Months
|
18.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.09
|
19.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.35
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 Months
|
17.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.94
|
16.53 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.23
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 Months
|
16.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.97
|
15.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.79
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 Months
|
16.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.02
|
13.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.45
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Problem Behaviors (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 Months
|
15.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.89
|
14.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.07
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Course of treatment (length varied by participant)All treatment sessions were audio-recorded. A random selection of tapes was coded by trained raters to indicate the presence or absence of CM treatment components. Scores on this outcome reflect the proportion of components delivered, with higher scores indicating the presence of more treatment components.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Youth Receipt of Required Contingency Management (CM) Treatment Components.
Cognitive Behavioral Components
|
0.16 proportion of components received
Standard Error 0.01
|
0.11 proportion of components received
Standard Error 0.01
|
|
Youth Receipt of Required Contingency Management (CM) Treatment Components.
Behavioral Modification Components
|
0.33 proportion of components received
Standard Error 0.01
|
0.37 proportion of components received
Standard Error 0.01
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsA 6-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures parents' discipline activity and the variability in rule enforcement and consequences. Scores range from 6-30. High scores suggest unpredictable enforcement of rules, which can undermine authority and increase behavioral issues. This is measured through parents' self-reports of their own behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
10.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.6
|
10.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.03
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
9.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.08
|
9.27 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.59
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
9.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.93
|
9.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.37
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
9.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.52
|
7.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.67
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
8.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.52
|
7.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.91
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale - Parent Report(Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
9.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.27
|
7.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.83
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsA 6-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures positive parenting through the frequency of praise and reinforcement. Scores range from 6-30. High scores reflect the frequent use of praise and rewards, which are associated with better child compliance and emotional well-being. This is measured through parents' self-reports of their own behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
18.09 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.28
|
17.16 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.69
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
18.27 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.72
|
17.06 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.62
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
17.66 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.02
|
17.48 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.17
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
18.45 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.85
|
18.05 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.22
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
18.22 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.99
|
18.15 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.52
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
18.55 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.27
|
18.14 Scores on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.27
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsParent management practices as measured by the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) (parent-report). A 10-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures parents' monitoring and supervision of their child's activities and whereabouts. Scores range from 10-50. Higher scores indicate less parental awareness of the child's activities. Elevated scores are associated with an increased risk of delinquency and externalizing behaviors. This is measured through parents' self-reports of their own behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
14.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.26
|
14.89 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.48
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
14.29 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.96
|
14.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.28
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
13.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.69
|
14.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.39
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
13.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.44
|
13.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.02
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
11.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.01
|
12.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.27
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
13.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.07
|
12.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.92
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsA 6-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures parents' discipline activity and the variability in rule enforcement and consequences. Scores range from 6 -30. High scores suggest unpredictable enforcement of rules, which can undermine authority and increase behavioral issues. This is measured through youths' reports on parents' behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
14.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.07
|
14.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.48
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
14.37 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.56
|
13.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.28
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
13.58 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.92
|
13.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.47
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
13.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.75
|
12.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.12
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
12.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.24
|
13.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.87
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Inconsistent Discipline Subscale (Youth Report) (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
13.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.59
|
12.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.49
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsA 6-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures positive parenting through the frequency of praise and reinforcement. Scores range from 6-30. High scores reflect the frequent use of praise and rewards, which are associated with better child compliance and emotional well-being. This is measured through youths' report on parents' behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
19.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.89
|
19.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.51
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
18.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.32
|
19.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.36
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
19.85 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.09
|
19.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.63
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
19.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.48
|
19.79 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.08
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
19.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.68
|
20.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.45
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Positive Parenting Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
19.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.39
|
19.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.28
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsA 10-item subscale of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) that measures parents' monitoring and supervision of their child's activities and whereabouts. Scores range from 10-50. Higher scores indicate less parental awareness of the child's activities. Elevated scores are associated with an increased risk of delinquency and externalizing behaviors. This is measured through youths' reports on parents' behaviors.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
25.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.42
|
24.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.38
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
23.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.43
|
21.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.87
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
21.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.27
|
22.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.04
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
21.34 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.81
|
21.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.25
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
21.38 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.76
|
23.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.3
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Parent Management - Poor Monitoring Subscale - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
22.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.5
|
22.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.02
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsFrequency of substance use as measured by the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (youth-report). The Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Frequency Subscale measures the frequency of substance use of 16 different substances over the past 30 days. Scores range from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate higher frequency of use.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
22.89 score on a scale
Standard Error 17.37
|
21.9 score on a scale
Standard Error 17.42
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
13.05 score on a scale
Standard Error 16.09
|
14.51 score on a scale
Standard Error 15.88
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
12.18 score on a scale
Standard Error 16.94
|
10.48 score on a scale
Standard Error 15.04
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
11.89 score on a scale
Standard Error 15.11
|
11.15 score on a scale
Standard Error 12.44
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
12.85 score on a scale
Standard Error 15.63
|
8.06 score on a scale
Standard Error 14.43
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Use Frequency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
13.83 score on a scale
Standard Error 18.76
|
7.51 score on a scale
Standard Error 11.88
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsThe Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Substance Problems Subscale measures the presence of each DSM-V criterion for a substance use disorder and lower severity symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 16, where higher scores indicate the presence of more criterion/symptoms.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
1.95 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.79
|
1.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.36
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
6.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.33
|
7.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.73
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
3.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.94
|
3.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.79
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
3.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.89
|
2.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.17
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
2.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.17
|
2.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.73
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Substance Problems (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
3.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.87
|
1.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.93
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (youth report) scales. Youth report of youth risk-taking as assessed by the sum score on the Drive subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System scales. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (drive).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
11.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.41
|
11.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.31
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
11.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.12
|
11.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.41
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
11.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.01
|
11.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.43
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
10.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
|
10.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.3
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
10.91 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.34
|
11.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.17
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
11.37 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.96
|
10.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.14
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (youth report) scales. Youth report of youth risk taking as assessed by the sum score on the Fun Seeking subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System scales. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (fun seeking).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
11.86 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
|
12.46 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.92
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
12.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
12.15 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.98
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
12.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.02
|
12.31 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.75
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
11.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.4
|
12.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.99
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
11.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.28
|
12.34 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.54
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
12.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.5
|
12.53 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.94
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (youth report) scales. Youth report of youth risk taking as assessed by the sum score on the Reward Responsiveness subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 5 to 20. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (reward responsiveness).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
15.35 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.43
|
15.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.32
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
15.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.38
|
15.26 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.95
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
15.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.24
|
15.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.97
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
14.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.02
|
15.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.89
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
15.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.68
|
15.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.81
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
15.63 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.05
|
15.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.47
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (parent report) scales. Parent report of youth risk-taking as assessed by the sum score on the Drive subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System scales. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (drive).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
11.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.05
|
11.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.6
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
11.92 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.5
|
11.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.53
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
11.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.87
|
11.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.77
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
12.02 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.59
|
11.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.75
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
12.05 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.26
|
11.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.48
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Drive - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
12.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.91
|
11.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.42
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (parent report) scales. Parent report of youth risk taking as assessed by the sum score on the Fun Seeking subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System scales. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (fun seeking).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
12.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.72
|
11.84 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.95
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
11.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.12
|
11.54 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.16
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
12.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.01
|
11.86 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
12.38 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.85
|
11.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.15
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
12.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.12
|
11.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.78
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Fun Seeking - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
11.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.16
|
11.64 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.76
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - risk taking as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (parent report) scales. Parent report of youth risk-taking as assessed by the sum score on the Reward Responsiveness subscale from the Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System. Scores on individual items and subscale range from 1=Strongly agree to 4=Strongly disagree and scores range from 5 to 20. Higher scores equal higher youth behavioral activation (reward responsiveness).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
15.47 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.19
|
15.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.36
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
15.29 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.05
|
15.31 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.8
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
15.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.08
|
15.09 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.12
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
15.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.14
|
15.34 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.08
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
16.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.21
|
15.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.03
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - Reward Responsiveness - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
15.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.26
|
15.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.91
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsYouth performance on computerized Balloon Analogue Risk Task (automatic version) that requires participants to enter the number of times that they want to pump to inflate a computer-generated balloon, with participants earning a point for each pump but losing all of the points if the balloon pops before the selected number of pumps. The mean number of pumps on all trials is reported. Scores range from 0 to 126. Higher scores equal higher youth risk taking behavior.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
48.49 pumps
Standard Deviation 12.17
|
51.72 pumps
Standard Deviation 13.33
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
51.29 pumps
Standard Deviation 10.3
|
53.86 pumps
Standard Deviation 11.41
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
49.88 pumps
Standard Deviation 11.85
|
53.14 pumps
Standard Deviation 11.71
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
48.35 pumps
Standard Deviation 10.37
|
56.29 pumps
Standard Deviation 14.46
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
54.02 pumps
Standard Deviation 14.9
|
53.90 pumps
Standard Deviation 13.13
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Risk Taking - BART (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
49.75 pumps
Standard Deviation 13.67
|
52.09 pumps
Standard Deviation 13.92
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsBehavioral regulation - inhibitory control as measured by the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (youth- and parent-report) and the Go/No Go Task.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
3.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
|
3.03 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.50
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
2.96 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.63
|
2.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.53
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.47
|
2.92 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.57
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
3.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
|
3.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.52
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
3.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.48
|
3.06 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Youth (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
3.12 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
|
3.07 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.45
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsParent report of youth inhibitory control as assessed by the mean score on the Effortful Control factor from the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire. Scores on individual items and factor range from 1=Very false to 5=Very true. Higher scores equal higher youth effortful control.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
2.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
2.44 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.54
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
2.47 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
2.54 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.56
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
2.45 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
2.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.60
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
2.38 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
2.59 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.59
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
2.42 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.6
|
2.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - EATQ - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
2.48 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.61
|
2.73 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsYouth performance of youth inhibitory control as assessed by the percent correct on no go trials on computerized go/no-go task.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
0.74 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
0.74 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
0.75 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
0.71 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.16
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
0.73 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.14
|
0.73 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
0.75 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.14
|
0.72 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.17
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
0.77 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.13
|
0.75 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.14
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Youth Behavioral Regulation - Inhibitory Control - Go No Go Performance (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
0.73 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.15
|
0.76 percent correct
Standard Deviation 0.11
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsPeer relations (association with peers who engage in delinquent behaviors \& prosocial activities) as measured by the Peer Relations Questionnaire (youth- and parent-report).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline
|
15.42 score on a scale
Standard Error 13.75
|
14.83 score on a scale
Standard Error 10.74
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months
|
9.89 score on a scale
Standard Error 9.44
|
10.06 score on a scale
Standard Error 10.97
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months
|
9.38 score on a scale
Standard Error 9.8
|
11.41 score on a scale
Standard Error 14.28
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months
|
8.8 score on a scale
Standard Error 8.29
|
8.88 score on a scale
Standard Error 10.38
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months
|
8.06 score on a scale
Standard Error 7.59
|
9.91 score on a scale
Standard Error 11.75
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Peer Delinquency (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months
|
9.45 score on a scale
Standard Error 12.56
|
7.43 score on a scale
Standard Error 8.71
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsThe Positive Peer Activity Scale of the Pittsburgh Youth Study Interview comprises 10 questions rated on a 4-point scale (0 = none to 4 = all) concerning the proportion of friends of the subject that have engaged in a variety of prosocial activities over the past 30 days. Scores range from 0 to 40, where higher scores indicate a higher proportion of prosocial friends. This is measured from the youth's self-report.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Youth
|
16.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.92
|
15.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.94
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Youth
|
17.37 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.02
|
16.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.63
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Youth
|
17.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.01
|
16.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.12
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Youth
|
17.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.66
|
16.76 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.16
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Youth
|
16.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.95
|
18.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.38
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Youth Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Youth
|
17.97 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.5
|
15.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.51
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 monthsThe Positive Peer Activity Scale of the Pittsburgh Youth Study Interview comprises 10 questions rated on a 4-point scale (0 = none to 4 = all) concerning the proportion of friends of the subject that have engaged in a variety of prosocial activities over the past 30 days. Scores range from 0 to 40, where higher scores indicate a higher proportion of prosocial friends. This is measured from the parent's report on youth's friends.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 Participants
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 Participants
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
Baseline - Parent
|
9.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.29
|
10.51 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.56
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
2 months - Parent
|
10.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.22
|
11.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.19
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
4 months - Parent
|
11.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.04
|
11.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
6 months - Parent
|
10.88 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.65
|
12.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.02
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
9 months - Parent
|
11.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.4
|
13.90 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.85
|
|
Changes From Baseline Scores Compared to Post-Treatment Scores for Peer Relations - Positive Peer Activity - Parent Report (Measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, & 12 Months).
12 months - Parent
|
12.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.15
|
14.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.4
|
Adverse Events
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
Serious events: 7 serious events
Other events: 7 other events
Deaths: 3 deaths
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
Serious events: 7 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 participants at risk
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 participants at risk
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Psychiatric Facility Admission
|
1.5%
1/66 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
|
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Non-fatal Substance Use Overdose
|
7.6%
5/66 • Number of events 5 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Suicide Attempt
|
1.5%
1/66 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
3.2%
2/63 • Number of events 2 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
|
Psychiatric disorders
Behavioral Escalation
|
0.00%
0/66 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
|
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
Physical Injury
|
0.00%
0/66 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
1.6%
1/63 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
Other adverse events
| Measure |
Standard Contingency Management (CM)
n=66 participants at risk
This group will receive standard CM for adolescent substance abuse.
Standard Contingency Management (CM): CM utilizes behavior modification \& cognitive behavioral strategies to target adolescent substance use. Protocol components are as follows: (a) The provider introduces CM to the youth and caregiver and engages them in the intervention; (b) The provider conducts Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) assessments of the youth's AOD use with the youth and caregiver; (c) Based on the results of the ABC assessments, self-management planning and drug refusal skills training are implemented by the provider in collaboration with the youth and caregiver; (d) Concurrently, a point and level system contract is established with the family, which provides the youth with rewards/privileges for negative drug and alcohol tests and disincentives (e.g., extra chores) for positive tests. Until continued abstinence is achieved, components "b" through "d" are repeated; (e) The provider collaborates with the family to develop plans for sustaining long-term abstinence. Typical duration of CM is 12-16 weeks.
|
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+)
n=63 participants at risk
This group will receive an enhanced CM protocol for adolescent substance abuse that targets parenting more intensely.
Enhanced Contingency Management (CM+): The CM+ protocol adds the behavioral assessment and teaching system from Parent Management Training Oregon (PMTO) to standard CM to enhance parent's skill acquisition more intensely. PMTO's behavioral assessment and teaching system uses three processes to bring about changes in parenting: daily parent reports on youth behavior, anti-coercive problem-solving, and structured learning and in vivo practice of new parenting techniques.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social circumstances
Mandatory Child Abuse Report
|
9.1%
6/66 • Number of events 6 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
7.9%
5/63 • Number of events 5 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
|
Social circumstances
Mandatory Report to Law Enforcement
|
1.5%
1/66 • Number of events 1 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
0.00%
0/63 • 1 year post-baseline for each participant.
|
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place