Trial Outcomes & Findings for Strategies to Promote Skin Health (NCT NCT03237013)
NCT ID: NCT03237013
Last Updated: 2019-07-05
Results Overview
One free-response item measuring intentional indoor frequency in the last 30 days
Recruitment status
COMPLETED
Study phase
NA
Target enrollment
219 participants
Primary outcome timeframe
1-month assessment
Results posted on
2019-07-05
Participant Flow
Study was conducted between February and December 2016. Participants were recruited from an undergraduate research participation website at a large, public American university. A general description of the study's purpose, which specified study inclusion criteria and one's time commitment was provided for potential participants
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance. For example, participants were instructed to notice their breath, thoughts, feelings, ph
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Baseline to Immediate Post-treatment
STARTED
|
73
|
73
|
73
|
|
Baseline to Immediate Post-treatment
COMPLETED
|
73
|
73
|
73
|
|
Baseline to Immediate Post-treatment
NOT COMPLETED
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Immediate Post-treatment to 1-mo F/u
STARTED
|
73
|
73
|
73
|
|
Immediate Post-treatment to 1-mo F/u
COMPLETED
|
30
|
43
|
36
|
|
Immediate Post-treatment to 1-mo F/u
NOT COMPLETED
|
43
|
30
|
37
|
Reasons for withdrawal
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance. For example, participants were instructed to notice their breath, thoughts, feelings, ph
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Immediate Post-treatment to 1-mo F/u
Lost to Follow-up
|
43
|
30
|
37
|
Baseline Characteristics
Strategies to Promote Skin Health
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=73 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=73 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=73 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance. For example, participants were instructed to notice their breath, thoughts, feelings, ph
|
Total
n=219 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Continuous
|
19.60 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.75 • n=5 Participants
|
19.65 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.77 • n=7 Participants
|
19.90 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.85 • n=5 Participants
|
19.72 years
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.50 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
64 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
178 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
41 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
|
16 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
|
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
54 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
165 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
|
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
|
49 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
49 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
141 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
|
12 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Region of Enrollment
United States
|
73 participants
n=5 Participants
|
73 participants
n=7 Participants
|
73 participants
n=5 Participants
|
219 participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type I
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type 2
|
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type 3
|
36 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
36 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
40 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
112 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type 4
|
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
74 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type 5
|
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Skin Type
Skin Type 6
|
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=4 Participants
|
|
Indoor Tanning Frequency
|
1.30 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.68 • n=5 Participants
|
1.51 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.83 • n=7 Participants
|
1.28 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.41 • n=5 Participants
|
1.36 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.62 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Outdoor Tanning Frequency
|
7.69 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.35 • n=5 Participants
|
7.25 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.04 • n=7 Participants
|
7.02 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.84 • n=5 Participants
|
7.32 Sessions in last month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.06 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Indoor Tanning Intentions
|
4.36 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.17 • n=5 Participants
|
4.13 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.17 • n=7 Participants
|
4.27 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.20 • n=5 Participants
|
4.25 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 2.17 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Outdoor Tanning Intentions
|
5.96 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.37 • n=5 Participants
|
5.56 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.59 • n=7 Participants
|
5.90 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.20 • n=5 Participants
|
5.81 Sessions in next month
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.39 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Appearance Attitudes to Tan
|
3.41 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.76 • n=5 Participants
|
3.29 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.91 • n=7 Participants
|
3.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.74 • n=5 Participants
|
3.42 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.81 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Appearance Attitudes Not to Tan
|
3.41 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.76 • n=5 Participants
|
3.31 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.78 • n=7 Participants
|
3.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.77 • n=5 Participants
|
3.36 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.77 • n=4 Participants
|
|
State Body Satisfaction
|
5.70 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 • n=5 Participants
|
5.48 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.37 • n=7 Participants
|
5.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.37 • n=5 Participants
|
5.50 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.30 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Trait Body Satisfaction
|
3.52 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.78 • n=5 Participants
|
3.42 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.68 • n=7 Participants
|
3.39 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.74 • n=5 Participants
|
3.44 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.73 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Appearance Orientation
|
3.66 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.50 • n=5 Participants
|
3.54 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.58 • n=7 Participants
|
3.64 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.56 • n=5 Participants
|
3.61 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.55 • n=4 Participants
|
|
State Positive Affect
|
3.59 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.63 • n=5 Participants
|
3.45 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.76 • n=7 Participants
|
3.33 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.79 • n=5 Participants
|
3.46 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.74 • n=4 Participants
|
|
State Negative Affect
|
2.20 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.70 • n=5 Participants
|
2.07 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.75 • n=7 Participants
|
2.02 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.72 • n=5 Participants
|
2.09 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.72 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Depressive Symptoms
|
4.82 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.95 • n=5 Participants
|
6.32 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.84 • n=7 Participants
|
5.97 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.59 • n=5 Participants
|
5.70 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.30 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Anxiety Symptoms
|
6.63 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.82 • n=5 Participants
|
7.86 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.83 • n=7 Participants
|
6.38 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 5.86 • n=5 Participants
|
6.95 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.57 • n=4 Participants
|
|
Stress
|
10.38 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.82 • n=5 Participants
|
11.39 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.28 • n=7 Participants
|
11.56 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.82 • n=5 Participants
|
11.11 units on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.63 • n=4 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentOne free-response item measuring intentional indoor frequency in the last 30 days
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Indoor Tanning Sessions in the Last 30 Days
|
1.98 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 3.21
|
1.35 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 2.81
|
1.92 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 2.86
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentOne free-response item measuring intentional outdoor frequency in the last 30 days
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Outdoor Tanning Sessions in the Last 30 Days
|
3.96 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 4.07
|
2.69 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 3.31
|
3.24 Sessions in last month
Standard Deviation 3.60
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Post assessment & 1-month assessmentA free-response items measuring intentional indoor intentions in the next 30 days.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Indoor Tanning Intentions
Post-Assessment
|
3.10 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 2.05
|
2.21 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.59
|
2.74 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 2.07
|
|
Indoor Tanning Intentions
1-Month Assessment
|
3.12 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.90
|
2.60 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.76
|
3.16 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.82
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: Post Assessment & 1-month assessmentA free-response items measuring intentional outdoor intentions in the next 30 days.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Outdoor Tanning Intentions
Post-Assessment
|
4.53 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.74
|
3.41 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.85
|
4.53 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.62
|
|
Outdoor Tanning Intentions
1-Month Assessment
|
3.48 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.97
|
3.37 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.83
|
3.89 sessions in next month
Standard Deviation 1.76
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Post assessment & 1-month assessmentParticipants completed the Appearance Reasons to Tan latent subscale of the Physical Appearance Reasons for Tanning Scale (PARTS; Cafri et al., 2006, 2008). This scale consists of three manifest subscales: General Attractiveness, Acne, and Body Shape. These 19 items were scored along a five-point scale: 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree), with a possible total score range of 19-95 (higher scores indicating greater agreement). Total scores are averaged to reflect the average agreement with attitudes which may motivate one to tan (higher average scores indicating greater agreement).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Appearance Attitudes to Tan
Post-assessment
|
3.28 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.90
|
2.90 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.99
|
3.25 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.76
|
|
Appearance Attitudes to Tan
1-Month Assessment
|
3.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
|
3.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.80
|
3.13 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.61
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Post assessment and 1-month assessmentParticipants completed the Appearance Reasons Not to Tan latent subscale of the Physical Appearance Reasons for Tanning Scale (PARTS; Cafri et al., 2006, 2008). This scale consists of two manifest subscales: Skin Damage and Skin Aging. These 9 items were scored along a five-point scale 1 (definitely disagree) to 5 (definitely agree) with a possible total score range of 9-45 (higher scores indicating greater agreement). Total scores are averaged to reflect the average agreement with attitudes to not tan; (higher average scores indicating greater agreement).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Appearance Reasons Not to Tan
Post-Assessment
|
3.74 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.79
|
3.83 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.93
|
3.63 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.83
|
|
Appearance Reasons Not to Tan
1-Month Assessment
|
3.40 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.72
|
3.61 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.82
|
3.59 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.62
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Post-assessmentState level body satisfaction was measured using the Body Image States Scale (BISS; Cash, Fleming, Alindogan, Steadman, \& Whitehead, 2002). This six-item self-report instrument utilizes a nine-point scale (1 \[extremely dissatisfied\] to 9 \[extremely satisfied\]); possible total scores range 6-54; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. This measure is scored by averaging all scores to these six items, with higher average scores indicating greater body satisfaction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
State Body Satisfaction
|
5.67 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.28
|
5.36 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.41
|
5.49 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.34
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentTrait level body satisfaction was measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Evaluation subscale (MSBRQ-AE; Brown, Cash, \& Mikulka, 1990; Cash, 2000). This seven-item self-report subscale utilizes a five-point scale (1 \[definitely disagree\] to 5 \[definitely agree\]) with possible score range of 7-35. This measure was scored by averaging all scores to these seven items, with higher scores indicating greater body satisfaction.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Trait Body Satisfaction
|
3.32 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.68
|
3.33 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.66
|
3.30 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.70
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentTrait level appearance orientation satisfaction was measured using the Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised Short Form (ASI-R; Cash, Melnyk, \& Hrabosky, 2004). This twenty-item self-report instrument assesses cognitive and behavioral investment in one's physical appearance. This measure utilizes a five-point scale (1 \[definitely disagree\] to 5 \[definitely agree\]), with total scores ranging from 20-100; higher scores indicate greater appearance investment. This measure is scored by averaging all scores to these twenty items (higher scores indicating greater appearance investment).
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Appearance Orientation
|
3.50 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.47
|
3.34 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.49
|
3.42 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.44
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Post assessmentState positive affect was measured using the positive affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form (PANAS-SF; Thompson, 2007). This self-report subscale consists of five items of the full ten-item measure. This subscale utilizes a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). This measure is scored by summing all scores to these five items (range 5-25), with higher scores indicating greater state positive affect. For the purposes of this project, participants' item scores to these five items were averaged.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
State Positive Affect
|
3.45 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.82
|
3.32 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.92
|
3.31 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.80
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: Post assessmentState negative affect was measured using the negative affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Scale-Short Form (PANAS-SF; Thompson, 2007). This self-report subscale consists of five items of the full ten-item measure. This subscale utilizes a five-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always). This measure is scored by summing all scores to these five items (range 5-25), with higher scores indicating greater state negative affect. For the purposes of this project, participants' item scores to these five items were averaged.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
State Negative Affect
|
1.95 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.73
|
2.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.80
|
1.72 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 0.77
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentParticipants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry \& Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 \[not at all like me\] to 3 \[applied to me very much, or most of the time\]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the depressive symptom subscale range from 0-21.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Depressive Symptoms
|
11.35 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.91
|
9.16 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.00
|
12.06 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.56
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentParticipants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry \& Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 \[not at all like me\] to 3 \[applied to me very much, or most of the time\]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the anxiety symptom subscale range from 0-21.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Anxiety Symptoms
|
13.22 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.40
|
10.74 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.63
|
12.82 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.81
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 1-month assessmentParticipants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales Short Version (DASS-21) as a marker of trait level negative affect (Henry \& Crawford, 2005). This 21-item self-report measure consists of three seven-item subscales: depression, anxiety, and stress. Items are measured along a 4-point scale (0 \[not at all like me\] to 3 \[applied to me very much, or most of the time\]); higher scores denote increased symptoms. Total sum scores for this instrument ranges from 0-63; scores for the stress symptom subscale range from 0-21.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
n=30 Participants
Following baseline assessment, all participants were given health literature on tanning behavior from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These materials included informational pamphlets addressing common myths regarding tanning behaviors, including "Tanned skin is not healthy skin", and "A base tan is not a safe tan. These misconceptions were accompanied by "burning truth", scientific data debunking these myths. Additionally, all participants received a packet on sun protective practices for oneself and family, which include skin cancer statistics and information on UV rays.
|
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
n=43 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Facial Morphing Intervention. Participants had a digital photograph taken and uploaded to the APRIL® software, accompanied by information about their current age and self-identified race. Participants were presented with two, side-by-side identical 2D images of their face. Participants first viewed an image of their face from their current age, in two-year intervals, to age 72, the maximum age, with the "UV exposure" setting turned on. This process was repeated. Next, participants viewed the projected aging process, toggling the "UV exposure" setting (on and off), every ten year interval. The process was repeated using 3D images to view projected changes to their facial profiles.
Facial Morphing Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition were exposed to facial morphing technology that displays the progression of facial-ageing up to 72years, both with and without damage from UV exposure.
|
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
n=36 Participants
In addition to the health literature, participants completed the Mindfulness Intervention. Participants listened to a 10-minute self-guided mindfulness audio exercise. The audio file is a scripted reading of an established, brief mindfulness exercise (Erisman \& Roemer, 2010). During this guided session, participants learned what mindfulness was, when it can be used, and benefits from practice. Listeners were led through steps, focusing on the physical sensations, breathing, and thoughts. After the exercise, participants were provided a handout highlighting key points about mindfulness and how to incorporate informal mindfulness practice into their daily life.
Mindfulness Intervention: Participants assigned to this condition engaged in a self-guided mindfulness intervention audio tape. This intervention instructed participants to pay attention to the present moment, with a non-judgemental stance.
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Stress
|
16.75 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.29
|
14.02 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.02
|
15.43 units on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.96
|
Adverse Events
Control (Treatment as Usual Only)
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Treatment as Usual + Facial Morphing
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Treatment as Usual + Mindfulness
Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place