Culture-guided Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy.

NCT ID: NCT03228108

Last Updated: 2022-05-10

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

1538 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2018-04-03

Study Completion Date

2021-09-26

Brief Summary

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This study aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rectal swab culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis to reduce infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy. Half of participants will receive routine empirical prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin (control group), while the other half will receive rectal culture-guided oral antibiotic prophylaxis (intervention group). In the intervention group, men whose rectal swabs do not show ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria will receive ciprofloxacin prophylaxis, comparable to the control group. In case of ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria an alternative oral antibiotic based on the culture results will be prescribed (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin or pivmecillinam/augmentin).

The investigators hypothesise that the targeted prophylaxis group (intervention group) will have a lower rate of post-biopsy infectious complications compared to the control group.

Detailed Description

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Several classes of antibiotics are proven effective for prophylaxis during transrectal prostate biopsy, reducing infectious complications to less than 1% in case of susceptible rectal flora. Ciprofloxacin has been best studied and is recommended as first choice prophylaxis in urology guidelines. However, due to increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in gram negative bacilli (currently more than 20% in E.coli), a significant increase up to 6% in infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy was recently noticed. Antibiotic treatment of these infections and hospitalization may account for increased health care associated costs and will contribute to the further development of antibiotic resistance.

Besides, in urology guidelines no clear recommendations are made on the duration of prophylaxis. In the Netherlands, therefore, various prophylactic ciprofloxacin schedules are used, of which 2 to 3 day regimens are most common. Prolonged duration of prophylaxis during prostate biopsy is not proven to be more effective than a 1-day regimen, but it is more likely to select more fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance.

This study aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of rectal culture-guided antimicrobial prophylaxis to reduce infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy. Also, duration of antibiotic prophylaxis will be minimized to 24 hours, thereby controlling further development of resistant bacteria.

The culture method used in this study with four phenotypic screening agars to support the choice of one of the oral prophylactic antibiotics is innovative. Culture results become available rapidly, within 48 hours, the method is simple, relatively inexpensive, as it does not need full susceptibility testing of separate colonies, and useful in daily practice.

Conditions

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Complication Infection Prostate Cancer

Study Design

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Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis

Men whose rectal swabs do not show ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria will receive ciprofloxacin prior to biopsy (equal to the active comparator arm), and men whose swabs do show ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria will receive alternative oral antibiotics, based on culture results, in the following order:

* trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) 960 mg orally 2 hours before and 12 hours after prostate biopsy, or
* fosfomycin 3 g orally 2 hours before prostate biopsy, or
* pivmecillinam/augmentin respectively 400 mg and 500/125 mg 2 hours before prostate biopsy followed by 2 days with three divided doses each day after prostate biopsy.

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Ciprofloxacin

Intervention Type DRUG

see study arms.

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

Intervention Type DRUG

see study arms.

Fosfomycin

Intervention Type DRUG

see study arms.

Pivmecillinam/augmentin

Intervention Type DRUG

see study arms.

Routine empirical prophylaxis

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally 2 hours before and 12 hours after transrectal prostate biopsy.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

Ciprofloxacin

Intervention Type DRUG

see study arms.

Interventions

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Ciprofloxacin

see study arms.

Intervention Type DRUG

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole

see study arms.

Intervention Type DRUG

Fosfomycin

see study arms.

Intervention Type DRUG

Pivmecillinam/augmentin

see study arms.

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Ciproxin Co-trimoxazole Monuril Selexid Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Subject is able and willing to sign the Informed Consent Form.
* Subject undergoes a transrectal prostate biopsy as part of the standard care in the Radboudumc (Nijmegen), Canisius Wilhelmina hospital (Nijmegen) or Catharina hospital (Nijmegen) (because of suspicion of prostate cancer).

Exclusion Criteria

* Inability to receive ciprofloxacin (e.g. documented history of sensitivity to medicinal products or excipients similar to those found in the antibiotic prophylaxis, relevant history or presence of cardiovascular disorders)
* Inability to receive either co-trimoxazole, fosfomycin and pivmecillinam/augmentin prophylaxis for any reason (e.g. documented history of sensitivity to medicinal products or excipients similar to those found in the antibiotic prophylaxis)
* Inability to understand the nature of the trial and the procedures required.
* Individuals with an urinary tract infection or acute prostatitis within 14 days prior to intervention.
* Individuals who receive antibiotics within 14 days before prostate biopsy.
* Individuals who fail to send a rectum swab to the microbiology laboratory.
* Individuals whose rectal swab shows no growth on a (growth) control MacConkey agar without antibiotics.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Maximum Eligible Age

90 Years

Eligible Sex

MALE

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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ZonMw: The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Radboud University Medical Center

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Responsibility Role SPONSOR

Principal Investigators

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Heiman Wertheim, Prof. dr.

Role: STUDY_DIRECTOR

Radboud University Medical Center

Locations

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Jeroen Bosch Hospital

's-Hertogenbosch, , Netherlands

Site Status

Rijnstate

Arnhem, , Netherlands

Site Status

Bravis

Bergen op Zoom, , Netherlands

Site Status

Amphia Hospital

Breda, , Netherlands

Site Status

Catharina Hospital

Eindhoven, , Netherlands

Site Status

Zuyderland Hospital

Heerlen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital

Nijmegen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Radboud University Medical Center

Nijmegen, , Netherlands

Site Status

Bravis

Roosendaal, , Netherlands

Site Status

Zuyderland Hospital

Sittard, , Netherlands

Site Status

Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital

Tilburg, , Netherlands

Site Status

Bernhoven Hospital

Uden, , Netherlands

Site Status

Isala

Zwolle, , Netherlands

Site Status

Countries

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Netherlands

References

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Tops SCM, Kolwijck E, Koldewijn EL, Somford DM, Delaere FJM, van Leeuwen MA, Breeuwsma AJ, de Vocht TF, Broos HJHP, Schipper RA, Steffens MG, Wegdam-Blans MCA, de Brauwer E, van den Bijllaardt W, Leenders ACAP, Sedelaar JPM, Wertheim HFL, Adang E. Cost Effectiveness of Rectal Culture-based Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: The Results from a Randomized, Nonblinded, Multicenter Trial. Eur Urol Open Sci. 2023 Feb 26;50:70-77. doi: 10.1016/j.euros.2023.02.006. eCollection 2023 Apr.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 37101774 (View on PubMed)

Tops SCM, Kolwijck E, Koldewijn EL, Somford DM, Delaere FJM, van Leeuwen MA, Breeuwsma AJ, de Vocht TF, Broos HJHP, Schipper RA, Steffens MG, Teerenstra S, Wegdam-Blans MCA, de Brauwer E, van den Bijllaardt W, Leenders ACAP, Sedelaar JPM, Wertheim HFL. Rectal Culture-Based Versus Empirical Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Infectious Complications in Men Undergoing Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized, Nonblinded Multicenter Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Apr 3;76(7):1188-1196. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac913.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 36419331 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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pro-SWAP104622

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id

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