Trial Outcomes & Findings for Improving Outcomes for Low-Income Mothers With Depression (NCT NCT03221556)

NCT ID: NCT03221556

Last Updated: 2024-09-19

Results Overview

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

231 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

2 months

Results posted on

2024-09-19

Participant Flow

231 were randomized but there was 1 post-randomization exclusion in the PSE group resulting in a sample size of 230 participants.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Allocation
STARTED
115
116
Allocation
Received Allocated Intervention
88
96
Allocation
Did Not Receive Allocated Intervention
27
19
Allocation
COMPLETED
115
115
Allocation
NOT COMPLETED
0
1
Follow-Up
STARTED
115
115
Follow-Up
COMPLETED
115
114
Follow-Up
NOT COMPLETED
0
1
Analysis
STARTED
115
115
Analysis
Assessed at 2 Months
113
110
Analysis
Assessed at 4 Months
112
109
Analysis
Assessed at 6 Months
105
97
Analysis
Assessed at 8 Months
109
107
Analysis
Assessed at 10 Months
112
109
Analysis
Assessed at 12 Months
112
108
Analysis
COMPLETED
115
115
Analysis
NOT COMPLETED
0
0

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Allocation
post-randomization exclusion
0
1
Follow-Up
Withdrawal by Subject
0
1

Baseline Characteristics

Improving Outcomes for Low-Income Mothers With Depression

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=115 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=115 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Total
n=230 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
115 Participants
n=5 Participants
115 Participants
n=7 Participants
230 Participants
n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
115 Participants
n=5 Participants
115 Participants
n=7 Participants
230 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Hispanic or Latino
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
59 Participants
n=7 Participants
101 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Not Hispanic or Latino
73 Participants
n=5 Participants
56 Participants
n=7 Participants
129 Participants
n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
21 Participants
n=7 Participants
30 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
68 Participants
n=5 Participants
57 Participants
n=7 Participants
125 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Asian
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other/Multi-race
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
27 Participants
n=7 Participants
50 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Missing
13 Participants
n=5 Participants
9 Participants
n=7 Participants
22 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
115 participants
n=5 Participants
115 participants
n=7 Participants
230 participants
n=5 Participants
Moderate depression based on QIDS score ≥ 11
56 Participants
n=5 Participants
61 Participants
n=7 Participants
117 Participants
n=5 Participants
Anxiety symptoms at baseline
14.9 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.7 • n=5 Participants
15.7 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 • n=7 Participants
15.3 score on a scale
STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.05 • n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=113 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=110 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 2 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
32 Participants
26 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 4 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
29 Participants
29 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 6 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
33 Participants
29 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 8 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=109 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=107 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 8 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
34 Participants
33 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 10 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 10 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
30 Participants
32 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS SR-16). This scale is a 16-item self-report measure of depressive symptoms over the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = no presence of the symptom; 3 = high burden of the symptom), yielding a total score range of 0 to 27. QIDS scores ≥11 suggest moderate depression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Depression Symptoms at 12 Months (QIDS SR-16 ≥ 11)
34 Participants
44 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=113 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=110 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 2 Months
9.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.2
9.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 4 Months
10.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.3
9.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 6 Months
10.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.0
11.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 8 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=109 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=107 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 8 Months
10.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.3
9.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.7

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 10 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 10 Months
9.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.4
10.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).This scale is a 21-item self-report measure of anxiety in the past 7 days. Each item is scored 0-3 (0 = not at all; 3 = severely - it bothered me a lot), yielding a total score range of 0 to 63. The lower the score the less self-reported anxiety.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Anxiety Symptoms at 12 Months
10.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.6
12.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 12.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 2 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=113 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=110 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 2 Months
15 Participants
13 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 4 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 4 Months
19 Participants
22 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 6 Months
17 Participants
22 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 8 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=109 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=107 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 8 Months
17 Participants
20 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 10 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=109 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 10 Months
21 Participants
24 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Survey (CPES). This 9-item survey records all primary, specialty, and alternative sources of care.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Engaged With Care at 12 Months
22 Participants
26 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI). This 36-item scale yields scores on three subscales - "parental distress", "parent-child dysfunctional interaction", and "difficult child" - which combine to form the total stress scale. Each item is scored 1-5 (1 = strongly agree; 5 = strongly disagree), yielding a scoring range of 36 to 180. Higher scores reflect more parent stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Parenting Behaviors at 6 Months
69.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.53
76.93 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.65

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Parenting Stress Index Short Form (PSI). This 36-item scale yields scores on three subscales - "parental distress", "parent-child dysfunctional interaction", and "difficult child" - which combine to form the total stress scale. Each item is scored 1-5 (1 = strongly agree; 5 = strongly disagree), yielding a scoring range of 36 to 180. Higher scores reflect more parent stress.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Parenting Behaviors at 12 Months
72.92 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 16.53
79.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 20.37

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Problem Focused Subscale of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE). The overall COPE scale is a 28-item self-report measuring ways of coping with stress. Each item is scored 1-4 (1= I haven't been doing this at all; 4 = I've been doing this a lot). The Problem Focused Subscale includes 6 items focused on active coping, positive reframing, and planning. The scores for each question are added to total the subscale score, which ranges between 6-24 with lower scores indicating less problem-focused coping and higher scores indicating more problem focused coping.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Coping With Stress at 6 Months
13.22 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.22
13.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.94

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Problem Focused Subscale of the Brief COPE. The overall COPE scale is a 28-item self-report measuring ways of coping with stress. Each item is scored 1-4 (1= I haven't been doing this at all; 4 = I've been doing this a lot). The Problem Focused Subscale includes 6 items focused on active coping, positive reframing, and planning. The scores for each question are added to total the subscale score, which ranges between 6-24 with lower scores indicating less problem-focused coping and higher scores indicating more problem focused coping.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Coping With Stress at 12 Months
12.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.28
13.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS). This 25-item self-reported measure is used to track changes weekly in the behaviors hypothesized to underlie depression and specifically targeted for change by behavioral activation. The BADS subscales include activation, avoidance/rumination, work/school impairment, and social impairment. Each item is scored 0-6 (0=not at all; 6=completely), yielding a total score range of 0 to 150. High scores indicate greater levels of activation. For all the subscores, high scores are consistent with the subscale name.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=105 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=97 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Behavioral Activation for Depression at 6 Months
93.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.72
90.98 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.70

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: The overall number of participants analyzed reflects the numbers of participants in each group assessed for this outcome measure time frame as in the participant flow.

Assessed by the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS). This 25-item self-reported measure is used to track changes weekly in the behaviors hypothesized to underlie depression and specifically targeted for change by behavioral activation. The BADS subscales include activation, avoidance/rumination, work/school impairment, and social impairment. Each item is scored 0-6 (0=not at all; 6=completely), yielding a total score range of 0 to 150. High scores indicate greater levels of activation. For all the subscores, high scores are consistent with the subscale name.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)
n=112 Participants
The brief intervention in Engagement-Focused Care Coordination is the Engagement Interview. In this model, providers meet one to two times with mothers who screen positive for depression, and use techniques of shared decision-making to help mothers process the results of the screen; explore treatment options; and connect with formal mental health services. Engagement-Focused Care Coordination emphasizes referral to formal mental health services.
Problem Solving Education (PSE)
n=108 Participants
The brief Problem Solving Education (PSE) is a six-session cognitive-behavioral program. PSE offers immediate intervention in the PCMH, followed by referral to further treatment if symptoms persist.
Behavioral Activation for Depression at 12 Months
95.21 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 24.75
91.14 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 23.27

Adverse Events

Engagement-Focused Care Coordination (EFCC)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Problem Solving Education (PSE)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 0 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Caroline Kistin, MD MSc

Boston Medical Center

Phone: (617) 414-3638

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place