Trial Outcomes & Findings for IV Acetaminophen for Post-Operative Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Population (NCT NCT03198871)

NCT ID: NCT03198871

Last Updated: 2021-01-28

Results Overview

Number of patients with unsatisfactory pain relief defined as average numeric rating scale (NRS) more than 5 will be compared between the two groups. This may include patients using IVPCA for pain relief during the first 48 hours postoperative.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

PHASE4

Target enrollment

180 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

PACU admission every thirty minutes until discharge to the floor and thereafter every four hours for first 24-hour, then every six hours until 48 hours and then every twelve hours until 72 hours postoperatively.

Results posted on

2021-01-28

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Overall Study
STARTED
90
90
Overall Study
COMPLETED
76
78
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
14
12

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

IV Acetaminophen for Post-Operative Pain Management in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Population

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Total
n=154 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Continuous
62 years
n=5 Participants
64 years
n=7 Participants
63 years
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
40 Participants
n=5 Participants
44 Participants
n=7 Participants
84 Participants
n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
36 Participants
n=5 Participants
34 Participants
n=7 Participants
70 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
American Indian or Alaska Native
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Asian
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
1 Participants
n=7 Participants
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Black or African American
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
White
70 Participants
n=5 Participants
73 Participants
n=7 Participants
143 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
More than one race
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
0 Participants
n=7 Participants
0 Participants
n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB)
Unknown or Not Reported
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment
United States
76 participants
n=5 Participants
78 participants
n=7 Participants
154 participants
n=5 Participants
Basal Metabolic Index
27.7 kg/m^2
n=5 Participants
28.25 kg/m^2
n=7 Participants
28.15 kg/m^2
n=5 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Index
0
44 Participants
n=5 Participants
41 Participants
n=7 Participants
85 Participants
n=5 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Index
1
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
10 Participants
n=7 Participants
14 Participants
n=5 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Index
2
23 Participants
n=5 Participants
24 Participants
n=7 Participants
47 Participants
n=5 Participants
Charlson Comorbidity Index
>2
5 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
8 Participants
n=5 Participants
American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification
II
17 Participants
n=5 Participants
18 Participants
n=7 Participants
35 Participants
n=5 Participants
American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification
III
57 Participants
n=5 Participants
55 Participants
n=7 Participants
112 Participants
n=5 Participants
American Society of Anesthesiologists Classification
IV
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
5 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Number of participants taking medications for mental health
15 Participants
n=5 Participants
27 Participants
n=7 Participants
42 Participants
n=5 Participants
Diabetes
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
7 Participants
n=5 Participants
Hypertension
10 Participants
n=5 Participants
16 Participants
n=7 Participants
26 Participants
n=5 Participants
Coronary artery disease
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
4 Participants
n=7 Participants
6 Participants
n=5 Participants
Congestive failure
1 Participants
n=5 Participants
3 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Atrial fibrillation
2 Participants
n=5 Participants
2 Participants
n=7 Participants
4 Participants
n=5 Participants
Pulmonary disease
3 Participants
n=5 Participants
6 Participants
n=7 Participants
9 Participants
n=5 Participants
Malignancy
28 Participants
n=5 Participants
23 Participants
n=7 Participants
51 Participants
n=5 Participants
Preoperative serum creatinine
0.8 (mg/dL)
n=5 Participants
0.82 (mg/dL)
n=7 Participants
0.81 (mg/dL)
n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: PACU admission every thirty minutes until discharge to the floor and thereafter every four hours for first 24-hour, then every six hours until 48 hours and then every twelve hours until 72 hours postoperatively.

Number of patients with unsatisfactory pain relief defined as average numeric rating scale (NRS) more than 5 will be compared between the two groups. This may include patients using IVPCA for pain relief during the first 48 hours postoperative.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Postoperative Pain Intensity
33 Participants
42 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge and 72-hours postoperatively, whichever comes first

Rescue analgesia will be given according to institutional pain management protocol. Unit of Measure recorded as OME (Oral Morphine Equivalent) consumption in mg.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
0-24 hours
27.4 mg
Interval 10.0 to 49.0
36 mg
Interval 17.5 to 85.0
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
24-48 hours
31.3 mg
Interval 7.5 to 73.3
45 mg
Interval 15.0 to 95.0
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
48-72 hours
30 mg
Interval 0.0 to 70.0
37.5 mg
Interval 0.0 to 70.0
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
0-48 hours
74 mg
Interval 25.5 to 113.0
88.8 mg
Interval 42.5 to 167.5
Total Post-operative Narcotic Consumption
0-72 hours
105.00 mg
Interval 41.3 to 186.3
127.1 mg
Interval 49.3 to 252.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From time of PACU admission until the time of discharge, assessed up to 24 hours postoperatively

The time from PACU admission to PACU discharge to the floor will be measured.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Time to Readiness for Discharge From Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
129.00 minutes
Interval 106.0 to 186.0
152.50 minutes
Interval 98.5 to 208.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From time patient left operating room until the time of first documented bowel movement, assessed up to hospital discharge

The time it takes for the first bowel movement postoperatively will be measured.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Time to Bowel Movement
46.30 hours
Interval 25.38 to 90.85
64.66 hours
Interval 29.27 to 115.33

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From date of randomization until the date of first documented oral intake, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively

The time it takes for the patient to ingest orally post-surgery will be measured.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Time to Oral Intake
12.15 hours
Interval 4.53 to 33.17
9.40 hours
Interval 3.87 to 43.38

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From date of PACU admission until the date of first documented ambulation, assessed up to 72 hours postoperatively

The time it takes for the patient to successfully ambulate post-surgery will be measured.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Time to Ambulation
18.82 hours
Interval 4.42 to 37.77
17.38 hours
Interval 4.28 to 22.65

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From date of randomization until the date of hospital discharge or 30 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

The time it takes for the patient to be fully discharged from the hospital post-surgery will be measured.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Time to Hospital Discharge
4.08 days
Interval 3.07 to 6.04
4.94 days
Interval 3.94 to 7.12

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: From the time of consent until 30 days post-operatively

If the patient is readmitted to the hospital after being fully discharged, the event will be recorded.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Number of Participants With Readmission to the Hospital
9 Participants
10 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: These measurements will be taken at time of discharge up to 30 days, whichever comes first

Overall patient satisfaction as well as satisfaction relating to pain management and cost analyses will be measured. These will be measured with a numerical rating scale (NRS) with 0- being worst satisfaction and 10 - best satisfaction.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Patient Satisfaction
Patient satisfaction score, overall
10 score on a scale
Interval 9.0 to 10.0
10 score on a scale
Interval 9.0 to 10.0
Patient Satisfaction
Patient Satisfaction score, pain management
10 score on a scale
Interval 9.0 to 10.0
10 score on a scale
Interval 8.0 to 10.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: The delirium scores will first be measured every 12 hours for 72 hours after surgery.

Number of patients who score greater than a 4 on the 0-8 point ICDSC scale to assess delirium scores. 8 separate levels of signs for delirium assessed (1. altered level of consciousness, 2. inattention, 3. disorientation, 4. hallucination, delusion, or psychosis, 5. psychomotor agitation or retardation, 6. inappropriate speech or mood, 7. sleep-wake cycle disturbance, 8. symptom fluctuation), with 0 points awarded when patient does not exhibit above signs of delirium and 1 point awarded per confirmed sign of delirium. Score then totaled, 0 = normal, 1-3 = subsyndromal delirium, 4-8 = delirium.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC)
0 Participants
0 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.

Nausea will be evaluated by nausea score from 0 to 10, with 0 equaling no nausea and 10 equaling the worst nausea imaginable.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 3 (pm visit)
0.56 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.77
0.78 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.42
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 1 (am visit)
1.13 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.82
0.60 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.76
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 1 (pm visit)
0.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.54
0.92 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.53
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 2 (am visit)
0.71 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.97
0.75 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.39
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 2 (pm visit)
0.55 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.70
0.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.36
Post-operative Nausea
Nausea score POD 3 (am visit)
0.32 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 1.37
0.66 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: These will be evaluated from the time of PACU admission until 72 hours postoperatively.

Frequency of emesis and rescue antiemetic requirement will be documented

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Post-operative Emesis
Emesis incidence 0-72 hours
12 Participants
14 Participants
Post-operative Emesis
Antiemetic use
31 Participants
45 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: These measurements will take place at 30-days post hospital discharge

Survey to assess patient's overall health (via a combination of mental and physical health assessment) at 30 days post-discharge. Two summary scores are reported from the SF-12 - a mental component score (MCS-12) and a physical component score (PCS-12). The scores may be reported as Z-scores (difference compared to the population average, measured in standard deviations). The United States population average PCS-12 and MCS-12 are both 50 points. The United States population standard deviation is 10 points. So each 10 increment of 10 points above or below 50, corresponds to one standard deviation away from the average

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 Participants
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 Participants
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
SF-12 Health Survey
SF 12 Physical score
38.72 Z-scores (difference compared to the pop
Interval 30.73 to 43.28
38.07 Z-scores (difference compared to the pop
Interval 32.56 to 45.85
SF-12 Health Survey
SF 12 Mental score
54.02 Z-scores (difference compared to the pop
Interval 48.33 to 57.42
52.08 Z-scores (difference compared to the pop
Interval 42.66 to 57.88

Adverse Events

Acetaminophen Injectable Product

Serious events: 3 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous

Serious events: 3 serious events
Other events: 8 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Serious adverse events
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 participants at risk
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 participants at risk
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Renal and urinary disorders
Acute Kidney Injury
2.6%
2/76 • 30 Days
1.3%
1/78 • 30 Days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory Depression
1.3%
1/76 • 30 Days
1.3%
1/78 • 30 Days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Pnemonia
0.00%
0/76 • 30 Days
1.3%
1/78 • 30 Days

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Acetaminophen Injectable Product
n=76 participants at risk
Acetaminophen group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Acetaminophen Injectable Product: The interventional group will receive 1 gram intravenous acetaminophen at the start of wound closure to be repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively
Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous
n=78 participants at risk
Sodium Chloride 0.9% group: Half of subjects enrolled will be randomized to the acetaminophen group Sodium Chloride 0.9%, Intravenous: The placebo group will be given an intravenous placebo of saline solution at wound closure and repeated every 6 hours for 48 hours postoperatively.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Pruritis
2.6%
2/76 • 30 Days
0.00%
0/78 • 30 Days
Surgical and medical procedures
Anastomotic Leak
2.6%
2/76 • 30 Days
2.6%
2/78 • 30 Days
Renal and urinary disorders
Urinary Retention
2.6%
2/76 • 30 Days
3.8%
3/78 • 30 Days
Gastrointestinal disorders
Prolonged Ileus
1.3%
1/76 • 30 Days
2.6%
2/78 • 30 Days
Surgical and medical procedures
Pancreatic Leak
0.00%
0/76 • 30 Days
1.3%
1/78 • 30 Days
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Respiratory Depression
1.3%
1/76 • 30 Days
0.00%
0/78 • 30 Days

Additional Information

Dr. Kathirvel Subramaniam MD MPH FASE

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine / UPMC

Phone: 7247995852

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place