Health Coaching to Improve Self-Management in Thoracic Transplant Candidates

NCT ID: NCT03150095

Last Updated: 2022-12-21

Study Results

Results available

Outcome measurements, participant flow, baseline characteristics, and adverse events have been published for this study.

View full results

Basic Information

Get a concise snapshot of the trial, including recruitment status, study phase, enrollment targets, and key timeline milestones.

Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

NA

Total Enrollment

60 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-10-25

Study Completion Date

2021-11-02

Brief Summary

Review the sponsor-provided synopsis that highlights what the study is about and why it is being conducted.

Ability to adhere to complex medical regimens is critical to achieving successful transplant outcomes, as non-adherent patients suffer graft failure and death following transplantation. Since potential recipients greatly exceed organ availability, identification of candidates who will adhere to complex post-transplant regimens is critically important and emphasized by practice guidelines. When selecting candidates for transplant, physicians try to subjectively predict post-transplant adherence because, although tools exist to measure current adherence, tools that reliably predict future adherence are lacking. Despite rigorous medical and psychosocial screening pretransplant, non-adherence rates are high following transplant. Therefore, the current approach for predicting future non-adherence is suboptimal, subjective, and greatly needs strategies for improvement.

Pre-transplant self-management abilities represent a marker of future adherence post-transplant. Assessing self-management as a means for predicting future adherence has been largely overlooked. Self-management is defined as "taking responsibility for one's own behavior and well-being" and consists of three management tasks: medical condition, emotions, and social roles. Self-management ability can be measured. However, self-management has not been systematically studied in heart and lung transplant patients. Fostering self-management abilities may improve post-transplant outcomes by optimizing not only adherence, but also proven pretransplant risk factors (e.g. frailty and obesity).Self-management abilities may be improved via behavioral interventions such as health coaching.Self-management represents a measurable criterion that could be utilized in pre-transplant screening and serve as a point of intervention for optimizing adherence and pre-transplant risk factors.The overall objective of the proposed research is to improve the knowledge gap regarding self-management (and thereby adherence) in transplant by qualitatively and quantitatively studying patient factors associated with self-management and testing an intervention that may improve self-management.

The investigators hypothesize: Individualized health coaching including strategies to address poor resilience, coping with uncertainty, frailty, and/or negative affect will be an effective therapeutic strategy at improving self-management while in the pre-transplant state.

Specific Aim: To test whether transplant candidates who receive pre transplant health coaching have greater improvement in self-management abilities.

The investigators will conduct a randomized, controlled pilot trial testing the effectiveness of health coaching versus usual care in a heart and lung transplant cohort on self-management abilities (SMAS-30).

Detailed Description

Dive into the extended narrative that explains the scientific background, objectives, and procedures in greater depth.

PROPOSED RESEARCH: Patients will be identified from the Mayo Clinic MN, heart and lung transplant waiting lists and approached for recruitment in the Transplant Clinic at one of their routine clinical (every 1 to 3 month) follow-up appointments or by phone or mail. Inclusion criteria: Aged 18 or older, consenting to research, and listed (active and temporarily inactive) or deferred for lung or heart transplantation at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. Exclusion criteria: Patients will be excluded if ineligible for transplant, non-English speaking, non-verbal or extremely hard of hearing.

RESEARCH STRATEGY: This is a single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study comparing the effect of a phone-based, health coaching intervention versus usual care on self-management. Methods: Initial encounter: Consented patients will be randomized using a random number generator. Intervention patients will be introduced to the intervention, and schedule the first phone meeting. Both intervention and control patients will undergo baseline assessments (see "data" below). Subsequent Coaching Intervention patients will be assigned a coach trained in motivational interviewing who will call the patient weekly for 12 weeks for a 15-30 minute intervention (based on the primary mentor's previous research). Briefly a health coaching protocol will be utilized to guide training and the delivery of intervention using open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries (O.A.R.S.) and Elicit-Provide-Elicit (E-P-E) techniques. Coaching sessions will be recorded and externally monitored by an independent expert to assure treatment fidelity. A coaching intervention protocol will include collaborative goal setting and confidence rating regarding the patient's desired behavior change (and assessed risks). The control group will receive usual care. Both intervention and control patients will complete follow-up questionnaires and physiologic assessments at 12-16 weeks. Data: Baseline demographic, comorbidities, and transplant details will be abstracted. Daily physical activity measure by a gold standard activity monitor (Sensewear Armband, Body media, Pittsburgh,PA) will quantify daily steps, as well as total and active energy expenditure. Grip Strength: will be measured using a Jamar Digital Hand Held Dynamometer. Three serial measurements will be taken (using the dominant hand), averaged, and adjusted by gender and BMI using normative table. Gait Speed: self-selected walking speed will be timed over a distance of 15 ft (average of 3 adjusted for gender and height). Body composition scan: will determine fat-free mass (body composition). Height and weight will be recorded. Questionnaires: RISC-10, PANAS, MUIS, KCCQ, CRQ, FDI, CES-D, PHQ-2, GAD-2, SMAS-30, and SMAQ will be collected to assess hypothesized predictors of self-management. The primary outcome of the study is the effect of health coaching on self-management abilities SMAS-30 (sentinel of post- transplant adherence).

ANALYSIS PLAN: Sample size: This is a pilot and feasibility study. However, to inform our enrollment we have made the following calculations. Change in SMAS-30. A sample size of 25 in each group will have 80% power to detect an effect size of 0.81 using a two-group t-test with a 0.05 two-sided significance level, where effect size is the end of study difference in means between the two groups relative to the SD of the end of study measures, after adjusting for baseline and other factors. From the literature, we estimate an unadjusted end of study SD for SMAS-30 of 8.5.50 Whereas we do expect our intervention to impact SMAS-30, it is our clinical impression that without intervention, patients tend to exhibit similar patterns over time. Therefore, we expect the between-person variability in SMAS-30 to be at least as large as the variability in assessing SMAS-30 for the same person at different time points. If these two sources of variability were the same then they would both have a SD of 6.0, in particular the end of study SD for SMAS-30 would be 6.0 or less. With this SD, we would have power to detect a difference of 0.81x6.0=4.9. Thus, this pilot study is reasonably powered. Allowing for a 20% withdrawal rate (primarily due to transplantation during intervention), we will aim for a sample size of 30 per arm. Analysis plan: Demographic characteristics will be summarized by mean, median, SD and range (continuous variables) and counts and percents (categorical variables). Our primary variable will be end of study SMAS-30 (adjusting for baseline), which we will analyze using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), estimating between group differences. Subgroup analysis will be performed by sex, ethnicity, and race as feasible. A similar procedure to that described above will be employed to impute data if necessary. Missing data and end of study SDs for SMAS-30, adjusting for baseline, will guide analysis and power calculations for future R01 studies. Secondary Outcomes will examine between group differences of changes in gait speed, activity levels, body composition, weights, and RISC-10, PANAS, MUIS, FDI, SMAQ, and KCCQ or CRQ measures to inform future R01 planning. A two-tailed p\< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Post intervention focus groups/interviews of 5-7 participants will be conducted by the candidate to obtain patient feedback to refine the intervention for future R01.

Conditions

See the medical conditions and disease areas that this research is targeting or investigating.

Self-management Lung Transplant Heart Transplant

Study Design

Understand how the trial is structured, including allocation methods, masking strategies, primary purpose, and other design elements.

Allocation Method

RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Primary Study Purpose

PREVENTION

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

Review each arm or cohort in the study, along with the interventions and objectives associated with them.

Health coaching

Patients will work with a health coach to improve self-management skills

Group Type EXPERIMENTAL

Health coaching

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Patients will work with a health coach by telephone

Control

Patients will receive usual pre-transplant education to improve self-management skills

Group Type NO_INTERVENTION

No interventions assigned to this group

Interventions

Learn about the drugs, procedures, or behavioral strategies being tested and how they are applied within this trial.

Health coaching

Patients will work with a health coach by telephone

Intervention Type BEHAVIORAL

Eligibility Criteria

Check the participation requirements, including inclusion and exclusion rules, age limits, and whether healthy volunteers are accepted.

Inclusion Criteria

* Subject is on heart or lung transplant waiting list

Exclusion Criteria

* Under 18 years old
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

Meet the organizations funding or collaborating on the study and learn about their roles.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)

NIH

Sponsor Role collaborator

Mayo Clinic

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

Identify the individual or organization who holds primary responsibility for the study information submitted to regulators.

Cassie C. Kennedy, M.D.

Associate Professor of Medicine

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

Learn about the lead researchers overseeing the trial and their institutional affiliations.

Cassie C Kennedy, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Mayo Clinic

Locations

Explore where the study is taking place and check the recruitment status at each participating site.

Mayo Clinic

Rochester, Minnesota, United States

Site Status

Countries

Review the countries where the study has at least one active or historical site.

United States

Provided Documents

Download supplemental materials such as informed consent forms, study protocols, or participant manuals.

Document Type: Study Protocol

View Document

Document Type: Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Related Links

Access external resources that provide additional context or updates about the study.

Other Identifiers

Review additional registry numbers or institutional identifiers associated with this trial.

K23HL128859

Identifier Type: NIH

Identifier Source: secondary_id

View Link

17-003921

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id