Trial Outcomes & Findings for Spanish Intervention for Caregivers of Veterans With Stroke (NCT NCT03142841)
NCT ID: NCT03142841
Last Updated: 2025-12-18
Results Overview
Caregiver depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-20. The CES-D is a 20 item, four point Likert scale ranging from never (0) to most of the time (3). The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 60. The higher score means a worse outcome (more depressed). This tool has good reliability and validity.
COMPLETED
NA
210 participants
9 weeks after baseline
2025-12-18
Participant Flow
Participant milestones
| Measure |
Standard Care Group
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
Intervention Group
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. Caregivers also received tailored stroke education specific to their needs from the RESCUE website.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Overall Study
STARTED
|
105
|
105
|
|
Overall Study
COMPLETED
|
86
|
70
|
|
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
|
19
|
35
|
Reasons for withdrawal
Withdrawal data not reported
Baseline Characteristics
Spanish Intervention for Caregivers of Veterans With Stroke
Baseline characteristics by cohort
| Measure |
Standard Care Group
n=105 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
Intervention Group
n=105 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trainer interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The investigators taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs.
|
Total
n=210 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age, Customized
18 years or older
|
105 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
105 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
210 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Female
|
93 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
92 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
185 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Sex: Female, Male
Male
|
12 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
25 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
|
50 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
51 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
101 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black
|
5 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Multi-Racial
|
34 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
27 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
61 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Pacific Island Native
|
2 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Other
|
5 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Unknown
|
9 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Single
|
11 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
22 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
33 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Married
|
74 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
62 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
136 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Living Together with Partner
|
8 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Divorced or Separated
|
11 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
13 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Widowed
|
1 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Marital Status
Unknown
|
0 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
Some High School
|
5 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
12 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
High School Graduate
|
11 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
17 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
28 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
Some College/Vocational
|
28 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
39 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
67 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
College Degree
|
43 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
29 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
72 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
Masters Degree
|
14 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
Doctoral Degree
|
3 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Education
Not Answered
|
1 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
0 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
< $10,000 per year
|
11 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
21 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
$10,000 - $20,000 per year
|
24 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
36 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
60 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
$20,001 - $30,000 per year
|
18 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
19 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
37 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
$30,001 - $40,000 per year
|
14 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
24 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
$40,001 - $50,000 per year
|
16 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
30 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
> $50,000 per year
|
20 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
14 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
34 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Income
Unknown
|
2 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Spouse
|
52 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
44 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
96 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Child
|
35 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
35 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
70 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Partner
|
5 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
6 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
11 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Parent
|
1 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
1 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Sibling
|
2 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
9 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Other Family Member
|
7 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
8 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Relationship to Veteran
Other Type of Relationship
|
3 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
4 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
7 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Employment
Full-Time
|
27 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
15 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
42 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Employment
Part-Time
|
8 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
10 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
18 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Employment
Retired
|
36 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
43 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
79 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Employment
Unemployed
|
33 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
35 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
68 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
|
Caregiver- Employment
Unknown
|
1 Participants
n=47 Participants
|
2 Participants
n=41 Participants
|
3 Participants
n=88 Participants
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeks after baselinePopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Caregiver depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-20. The CES-D is a 20 item, four point Likert scale ranging from never (0) to most of the time (3). The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 60. The higher score means a worse outcome (more depressed). This tool has good reliability and validity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Depression at 9 Weeks
|
10.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.4
|
15.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.5
|
PRIMARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeks after baselinePopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Caregiver depression as measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-20. The CES-D is a 20 item, four point Likert scale ranging from never (0) to most of the time (3). The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 60. The higher score means a worse outcome (more depressed). This tool has good reliability and validity.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Depression at 21 Weeks
|
10.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
14.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in burden will be measured by the Zarit Burden Interview instrument. This 22 item instrument is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (Never) to 4 (Nearly Always). The minimum value is 0 and the maximum score is 88. Higher scores indicate higher burden.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Burden-Zarit - 9 Weeks
|
24.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.6
|
30.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.9
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in burden will be measured by the Zarit Burden Interview instrument. This 22 item instrument is scored on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 (Never) to 4 (Nearly Always). The minimum value is 0 and the maximum score is 88. Higher scores indicate higher burden.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Burden-Zarit - 21 Weeks
|
23.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.0
|
30.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Change in Self-Efficacy is measured by the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy- Obtaining Respite subscale. The subscale contains 5 items which asks caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) to ask for assistance. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Self-Efficacy-Obtaining Respite - 9 Weeks
|
54.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.9
|
45.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Change in Self-Efficacy is measured by the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self-Efficacy- Obtaining Respite subscale. The subscale contains 5 items which asks caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) to ask for assistance. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Caregiver Self-Efficacy-Obtaining Respite - 21 Weeks
|
57.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 21.4
|
41.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Measured by Revised Scale for Caregiver Self Efficacy - Controlling Upsetting Thoughts subscale (Steffen et al 2002). The subscale contains 5 items which ask caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) in their ability to control negative thoughts related to caregiving. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Self-Efficacy- Controlling Upsetting Thoughts - 9 Weeks
|
84.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.8
|
82.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Measured by Revised Scale for Caregiver Self Efficacy - Controlling Upsetting Thoughts subscale (Steffen et al 2002). The subscale contains 5 items which ask caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) in their ability to control negative thoughts related to caregiving. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Self-Efficacy- Controlling Upsetting Thoughts - 21 Weeks
|
84.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.6
|
79.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Measured by Revised Scale for Caregiver Self Efficacy - Responding to Disruptive Behaviors subscale (Steffen et al 2002). The subscale contains 5 items which ask caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) in their ability to control negative thoughts related to caregiving. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Self-Efficacy: Responding to Disruptive Behaviors - 9 Weeks
|
80.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
81.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Measured by Revised Scale for Caregiver Self Efficacy - Responding to Disruptive Behaviors subscale (Steffen et al 2002). The subscale contains 5 items which ask caregivers to rate their level of confidence (from 0% to 100%) in their ability to control negative thoughts related to caregiving. The subscale score is obtained by calculating the mean of the items, with a total score range of 0-100. Higher scores indicate higher self-efficacy. The subscale shows strong internal consistency and adequate test-retest reliability.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Self-Efficacy: Responding to Disruptive Behaviors - 21 Weeks
|
86.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.1
|
78.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in Veteran functional abilities as measured by the Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16). The SIS-16 is a 16 item physical dimension instrument, developed as a brief standalone tool for measuring the physical aspects of stroke recovery. We modified this instrument to be administered to the caregiver about their evaluation of Veteran's functional ability. Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 16-80 points with 1 = an inability to complete the item \& 5 = no difficulty experienced at all. Total Scores are transformed scores which have been standardized on a scale of 0-100 where higher scores indicate higher functional outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=69 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Veteran's Functional Abilities- 9 Weeks
|
51.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.3
|
43.8 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in Veteran functional abilities as measured by the Stroke Impact Scale-16 (SIS-16). The SIS-16 is a 16 item physical dimension instrument, developed as a brief standalone tool for measuring the physical aspects of stroke recovery. We modified this instrument to be administered to the caregiver about their evaluation of Veteran's functional ability. Scoring is based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 16-80 points with 1 = an inability to complete the item \& 5 = no difficulty experienced at all. Total Scores are transformed scores which have been standardized on a scale of 0-100 where higher scores indicate higher functional outcomes.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=85 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Change in Veteran's Functional Abilities- 21 Weeks
|
51.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.3
|
43.3 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in health-related quality of life will be measured by the Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12). The VR12 items are scored on a 3-point or 5-point Likert scale. It consists of physical and emotional scales. Scores for each scale are calculated by using an algorithm and scores are standardized using a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. There is no composite or overall score for the VR-12.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Health-Related Quality of Life - Physical Component Score - 9 Weeks
|
42.8 T-score
Standard Deviation 5.9
|
41.8 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in health-related quality of life will be measured by the Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12). The VR12 items are scored on a 3-point or 5-point Likert scale. It consists of physical and emotional scales. Scores for each scale are calculated by using an algorithm and scores are standardized using a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. There is no composite or overall score for the VR-12.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Health-Related Quality of Life - Physical Component Score - 21 Weeks
|
41.2 T-score
Standard Deviation 5.9
|
40.3 T-score
Standard Deviation 5.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in health-related quality of life will be measured by the Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12). The VR12 items are scored on a 3-point or 5-point Likert scale. It consists of physical and emotional scales. Scores for each scale are calculated by using an algorithm and scores are standardized using a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. There is no composite or overall score for the VR-12.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life - Mental Health Component - 9 Weeks
|
49.9 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.1
|
43.8 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.7
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Changes in health-related quality of life will be measured by the Rand 12-item Health Survey (VR-12). The VR12 items are scored on a 3-point or 5-point Likert scale. It consists of physical and emotional scales. Scores for each scale are calculated by using an algorithm and scores are standardized using a T-score metric with a mean of 50 and standard deviation of 10. Higher scores indicate better health-related quality of life. There is no composite or overall score for the VR-12.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Changes in Caregiver Health Related Quality of Life - Mental Health Component - 21 Weeks
|
48.4 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
44.4 T-score
Standard Deviation 6.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Positive Problem Orientation (PPO) at 9 Weeks
|
98.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.7
|
99.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.3
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Positive Problem Orientation (PPO) at 21 Weeks
|
100.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.7
|
98.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.4
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Negative Problem Orientation (NPO) at 9 Weeks
|
92.1 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.5
|
93.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Negative Problem Orientation (NPO) at 21 Weeks
|
90.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.7
|
92.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Rational Problem-Solving (RPS) at 9 Weeks
|
105.0 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1
|
101.2 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.5
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Rational Problem-Solving (RPS) at 21 Weeks
|
104.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.2
|
100.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.2
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Impulsivity/Carelessness Style (ICS) at 9 Weeks
|
92.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.6
|
91.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Impulsivity/Carelessness Style (ICS) at 21 Weeks
|
92.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.5
|
91.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.0
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Avoidance Style (AS) at 9 Weeks
|
87.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.6
|
88.6 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.8
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) -Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Avoidance Style (AS) at 21 Weeks
|
86.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.9
|
87.4 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.1
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Problem Solving Total at 9 Weeks
|
108.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.7
|
107.7 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.6
|
SECONDARY outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
The Social Problem Solving Inventory Revised- Short Form (SPSI-R:S) is a 25-item, self-report instrument that evaluates characteristics of social problem solving, including problem solving orientation and problem solving performance. The SPSI-R:S consists of five subscores: positive problem orientation (PPO), negative problem orientation (NPO), rational problem solving style (RPS), impulsivity/carelessness style (ICS), and avoidance style (AS). Each sub-score contains five items that are scored on a five-point Likert-type rating scale, ranging from 0 (not at all true) to 4 (extremely true). Standardized scores range depending on the age of the person: Subscale PPO- 47-135; Subscale NPO= 74-162; Subscale RPS= 56-136; Subscale ICS= 73-162; Subscale AS= 76-157, Total SPSI= 29-140. Higher subscores on PPO and RPS, and lower subscores of NPO, ICS, and AS indicate good social problem solving.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised Short Form (SPSI-R:S) - Change in Caregiver Problem Solving Abilities- Problem Solving Total at 21 Weeks
|
109.9 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.4
|
107.5 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.0
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - 9 Weeks
|
14 Participants
|
9 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - 21 Weeks
|
11 Participants
|
11 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - Emergency Room Visits - 9 Weeks
|
33 Participants
|
28 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - Emergency Room Visits - 21 Weeks
|
25 Participants
|
30 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 9 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - Unplanned Primary Care Visits - 9 Weeks
|
14 Participants
|
10 Participants
|
OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED outcome
Timeframe: 21 weeksPopulation: Data collected from 156 participants who completed the study. Data from caregivers who ended up not meeting study criteria were not included in the analysis of data.
Veterans' Healthcare Utilization as measured by a survey developed for this study to record the number, dates, and the reasons for all healthcare visits (hospitalizations, ER, clinic visits) Veterans had during the course of the study. The survey consisted of ten questions with combined response choices including categorical (yes/no) and open responses (what was the reason for the visit). While the utilization variables are numerical, they are count variables with positive skew; the majority of values are 0, but with some values ranging from 1-4. Thus, we analyzed the variables as categorical (yes/no), using Chi-Square tests and providing values as frequencies.
Outcome measures
| Measure |
Intervention Group
n=70 Participants
Participants in the intervention group received an 8-week problem-solving session conducted over the phone by a trained interventionist. The intervention consists of four components: 1. Introduction to the RESCUE website and the problem-solving method; 2. Illustrative example on how to use the problem-solving approach and the RESCUE website to address caregiving problems; 3. Individualized practice exercise to develop a personalized problem-solving plan; and 4. Summary of the problem-solving method.
The RESCUE Problem Solving Intervention: This is an education and support intervention for caregivers of Veterans with stroke. The interventionists taught study participants the COPE (Creativity, Optimism, Planning, Expert Advice) model of problem solving and guided them through the application of this model in their caregiver role. They also receive tailored stroke education, specific to their needs through the RESCUE website.
|
Standard Care Group
n=86 Participants
The standard care group will receive the usual standard care they would receive had they not been enrolled in this study.
|
|---|---|---|
|
Veteran's Healthcare Utilization - Number of Participants With Hospitalizations - Unplanned Primary Care Visits - 21 Weeks
|
18 Participants
|
13 Participants
|
Adverse Events
Standard Care Group
Intervention Group
Serious adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Other adverse events
Adverse event data not reported
Additional Information
Dr. Ivette Magaly Freytes
North Florida South Georgia Veterans Health System
Results disclosure agreements
- Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
- Publication restrictions are in place