Trial Outcomes & Findings for Self-learning vs Instructor-led Learning in BLS (NCT NCT03141528)

Results Overview

The percentage of correct compressions obtained from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

240 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

after first BLS course and 3 months later

Results posted on

2020-01-13

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	Instructor-led Learning This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Overall Study STARTED	122	118
Overall Study COMPLETED	75	77
Overall Study NOT COMPLETED	47	41

Reasons for withdrawal

Withdrawal data not reported

Baseline Characteristics

Self-learning vs Instructor-led Learning in BLS

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision	Total n=240 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	122 Participants n=5 Participants	118 Participants n=7 Participants	240 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	21 years n=5 Participants	21 years n=7 Participants	21 years n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	72 Participants n=5 Participants	69 Participants n=7 Participants	141 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	50 Participants n=5 Participants	49 Participants n=7 Participants	99 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	122 Participants n=5 Participants	118 Participants n=7 Participants	240 Participants n=5 Participants
Region of Enrollment Switzerland	122 participants n=5 Participants	118 participants n=7 Participants	240 participants n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

The percentage of correct compressions obtained from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Percentage of Correct Compressions Teaching	48 percentage of correct compressions Interval 10.0 to 83.0	42 percentage of correct compressions Interval 14.0 to 81.0
Percentage of Correct Compressions Follow - up	28 percentage of correct compressions Interval 6.0 to 59.0	47 percentage of correct compressions Interval 12.0 to 78.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Assessment of the participant's BLS competence by the study team after test. Rated on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0-100mm, where 0mm = completely incompetent, no idea what to do, and 100mm = totally competent, cannot be done better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Assessment of the Participants BLS Competences After Test Teaching	73 units on a scale Interval 61.0 to 81.0	68 units on a scale Interval 56.0 to 77.0
Assessment of the Participants BLS Competences After Test Follow-up	68 units on a scale Interval 56.0 to 81.0	65 units on a scale Interval 54.0 to 77.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: before first BLS course and 3 months later

The participants assessment of their own BLS competences. Rated on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0-100mm, where 0mm = completely incompetent, no idea what to do, and 100mm = totally competent, cannot be done better.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Self-assessment of the Participants BLS Competences Before Test Follow-up	60 score on a scale Interval 49.0 to 70.0	59 score on a scale Interval 49.0 to 68.0
Self-assessment of the Participants BLS Competences Before Test Teaching	71 score on a scale Interval 63.0 to 77.0	70 score on a scale Interval 63.0 to 80.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course

The participants assessment of the teaching method. Rated on a Visual Analogue Scale from 0-100mm, where 0mm = completely inefficient, and 100mm = totally efficient, nothing can be done better."

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Assessment of the Teaching Method	80 score on a scale Interval 70.0 to 90.0	75 score on a scale Interval 62.0 to 84.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Ventilation volume from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Average Ventilation Volume Teaching	790 ml Interval 640.0 to 1010.0	810 ml Interval 620.0 to 1150.0
Average Ventilation Volume Follow-up	615 ml Interval 530.0 to 770.0	660 ml Interval 570.0 to 800.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Number of ventilations per minute from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Number of Ventilations Per Minute Teaching	2 (ventilations/min) Interval 2.0 to 3.0	2 (ventilations/min) Interval 2.0 to 3.0
Number of Ventilations Per Minute Follow-up	2 (ventilations/min) Interval 2.0 to 3.0	3 (ventilations/min) Interval 2.0 to 3.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Percentage of correct ventilations from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Percentage of Correct Ventilations Teaching	25 percentage of corrent ventilations Interval 5.0 to 50.0	22 percentage of corrent ventilations Interval 3.0 to 50.0
Percentage of Correct Ventilations Follow-up	50 percentage of corrent ventilations Interval 15.0 to 71.0	41 percentage of corrent ventilations Interval 17.0 to 70.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

the relationship between ventilations and compressions from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR). Ventilations - relationship 30 compressions and 2 ventilations.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Number of Participants Using Correct Ratio of Compressions:Ventilations Teaching	18 Participants	16 Participants
Number of Participants Using Correct Ratio of Compressions:Ventilations Follow-up	6 Participants	8 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Compression depth from the printed report from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Compression Depth Teaching	52 mm Interval 44.0 to 57.0	52 mm Interval 45.0 to 57.0
Compression Depth Follow-up	50 mm Interval 42.0 to 56.0	53 mm Interval 46.0 to 58.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Number of compressions per minute from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Number of Compressions Per Minute Teaching	54 compressions per minute Interval 46.0 to 58.0	51 compressions per minute Interval 44.0 to 57.0
Number of Compressions Per Minute Follow-up	57 compressions per minute Interval 53.0 to 64.0	59 compressions per minute Interval 51.0 to 63.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Compression frequency from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR). Compressions per minute ventilation break included.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Compression Frequency Teaching	112 compressions per minute Interval 105.0 to 118.0	111 compressions per minute Interval 103.0 to 116.0
Compression Frequency Follow - up	113 compressions per minute Interval 104.0 to 121.0	114 compressions per minute Interval 103.0 to 122.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Total percentage of Compressions too shallow from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Compressions Too Shallow Teaching	25 percentage of Compressions too shallow Interval 4.0 to 82.0	24 percentage of Compressions too shallow Interval 2.0 to 76.0
Compressions Too Shallow Follow-up	44 percentage of Compressions too shallow Interval 3.0 to 87.0	18 percentage of Compressions too shallow Interval 4.0 to 66.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

False hand placement during compressions.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
False Hand Placement During Compressions Teaching	6 percentage of False hand placement durin Interval 0.3 to 20.0	6 percentage of False hand placement durin Interval 0.0 to 34.0
False Hand Placement During Compressions Follow-up	13 percentage of False hand placement durin Interval to 41.0	15 percentage of False hand placement durin Interval 0.0 to 96.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Incomplete decompression from the Laerdal Skill Reporter (LSR)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=105 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=105 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Incomplete Decompression Teaching	0 percentage of Incomplete decompression Interval 0.0 to 0.3	0 percentage of Incomplete decompression Interval 0.0 to 0.3
Incomplete Decompression Follow - up	0 percentage of Incomplete decompression Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 percentage of Incomplete decompression Interval 0.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Time measured from the beginning of the test until the participant calls for help.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Time From Start of Test Till Call for Help Teaching	10 seconds Interval 7.0 to 16.0	12 seconds Interval 8.0 to 18.0
Time From Start of Test Till Call for Help Follow-up	9 seconds Interval 5.0 to 16.0	8 seconds Interval 5.0 to 15.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Time measured from the beginning of the test until the participant makes the first compression.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Time From Start of Test Till First Compression Teaching	35 seconds Interval 27.0 to 46.0	35 seconds Interval 26.0 to 46.0
Time From Start of Test Till First Compression Follow-up	28 seconds Interval 23.0 to 35.0	25 seconds Interval 21.0 to 32.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Time measured from the beginning of the test until the participant makes the first ventilation.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Time From Start of Test Till First Ventilation Teaching	70 seconds Interval 56.0 to 112.0	64 seconds Interval 55.0 to 92.0
Time From Start of Test Till First Ventilation Follow-up	93 seconds Interval 56.0 to 106.0	63 seconds Interval 45.0 to 97.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: after first BLS course and 3 months later

Time measured from the beginning of the test until the participant gives the first shock.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	Instructor-led Learning n=122 Participants This group will train their technical CPR-skills with supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching) Instructor-led learning: Supervision by a tutor (either general practitioner or medical student, all trained in CPR teaching)	Self-learning n=118 Participants This group will Train alone without supervision and without communicating with the other participants. Self-learning: Training without supervision
Time From Start of Test Till First Shock Teaching	100 seconds Interval 82.0 to 120.0	118 seconds Interval 95.0 to 145.0
Time From Start of Test Till First Shock Follow-up	83 seconds Interval 73.0 to 102.0	88 seconds Interval 75.0 to 107.0

Adverse Events

Instructor-led Learning

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Self-learning

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dr. Tina Pedersen

Inselspital

Phone: +4522125797

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place