Diagnosis of HIV and Early Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among HIV-1 Infected Infants

NCT ID: NCT03133728

Last Updated: 2020-10-30

Study Results

Results pending

The study team has not published outcome measurements, participant flow, or safety data for this trial yet. Check back later for updates.

Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Total Enrollment

1682 participants

Study Classification

OBSERVATIONAL

Study Start Date

2019-05-30

Study Completion Date

2020-09-29

Brief Summary

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The purpose of the study is to test the effect of the Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect (diagnostic assay) on uptake of HIV testing among HIV-exposed infants and young children, and health outcomes for HIV-infected infants and young children using a novel POC EID Community Model in Zambia. The study will also assess the feasibility of field implementation of this novel diagnostic tool and its acceptability among HIV-infected mothers and frontline health workers.

Detailed Description

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The purpose of the study is to test the effect of the Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect (diagnostic assay) on uptake of HIV testing among HIV-exposed infants and young children, and health outcomes for HIV-infected infants and young children through a novel POC EID Community Model in Zambia. The study will also assess the feasibility of field implementation of this novel diagnostic tool and its acceptability among HIV-infected mothers and frontline health workers. The knowledge generated from this study will enable the Zambia Ministry of Health (MOH) to make informed policy decisions about the implementation and scale up of point of care (POC) diagnostic tools for early infant diagnosis and pediatric HIV treatment programs in Zambia and the region.

Conditions

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HIV Infections Hiv

Study Design

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Observational Model Type

OTHER

Study Time Perspective

OTHER

Study Groups

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Pre-Intervention Group

The Investigators will visit each of the selected 3 clusters (i.e. 6 primary health clinics) to construct a retrospective cohort of high-risk HIV-infected women who entered the national PMTCT program and received the SOC between June 1, 2017 and May 31, 2018. Using existing data through the electronic health record information (SmartCare and LIMS), the investigators will gather individual-level retrospective data on high-risk Mother-Infant Pairs (MIPs) from PMTCT enrolment through the child's ART enrolment, initiation, and retention rate at 3 months.

No interventions assigned to this group

Post-Intervention Group

Study Research Assistants (RA) will review routine patient files and registers, augmented by existing electronic health record information, to identify a new cohort of high-risk Mother-Infant Pairs (MIPs) at each study site between the dates of June 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020. The outreach team will include, at a minimum, the study RA, a study peer, and an HIV counselor from the health facility, who will carry the Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect with them. When the outreach team contacts a high-risk MIP at community level, the team will approach the MIP for study screening, consent, and enrolment procedures. Study staff will ask the parent/guardian if the parent/guardian would like the IYC to be tested at their home, at a community health post, or other private space in the community. The IYC will be tested using both the Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect platform and a reflex DBS PCR test to evaluate performance of the POC platform in a mobile setting against the gold standard.

Alere Q Testing

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Infants of intervention clinics will have heelprick-obtained blood tested by standard of care method (SOC) and Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect Test Point of Care testing onsite (i.e. community, household, or facility level). Point-of-care (POC) testing results will be available in 52 minutes. HIV-infected infants, based on the Alere Q test result, will start ART as soon as possible and start routine SOC visits at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 post ART-initiation. Study data will be obtained on first 4 routine visits after ART initiation (3 months). Infants will return for results of DBS-based DNA PCR testing. Positive SOC infants remain on ART/study follow-up. Negative POC test/negative SOC infants will attend only routine care visits and continue on HIV prophylaxis per national guidelines. Discordant results require DNA PCR test, with positive results continuing ART, negative results being repeated for confirmation before discontinuation.

Interventions

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Alere Q Testing

Infants of intervention clinics will have heelprick-obtained blood tested by standard of care method (SOC) and Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect Test Point of Care testing onsite (i.e. community, household, or facility level). Point-of-care (POC) testing results will be available in 52 minutes. HIV-infected infants, based on the Alere Q test result, will start ART as soon as possible and start routine SOC visits at weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 post ART-initiation. Study data will be obtained on first 4 routine visits after ART initiation (3 months). Infants will return for results of DBS-based DNA PCR testing. Positive SOC infants remain on ART/study follow-up. Negative POC test/negative SOC infants will attend only routine care visits and continue on HIV prophylaxis per national guidelines. Discordant results require DNA PCR test, with positive results continuing ART, negative results being repeated for confirmation before discontinuation.

Intervention Type DIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Other Intervention Names

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Alere™ q HIV-1/2 Detect Test Point-of-Care Testing

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

1. 0 days (at birth) - 17 months of age;
2. Probable or known HIV exposure documented through maternal sero-positivity or reactive infant HIV antibody test;
3. The IYC must be born to mothers who:

1. attended ≥1 ANC visits without HIV testing; or
2. delivered at home and did not return for post-natal care at a health facility, and thus the mother or their child were not tested for HIV; or
3. were documented as HIV-infected but never initiated ART; or
4. disengaged from HIV care after ART initiation/have not returned for ARV refills; or
5. have not returned to the facility with their infant for initial EID testing or follow-up EID testing (after a negative test at birth or 6 weeks); or
6. IYC not tested 6 weeks after cessation of breastfeeding.
4. With a parent/guardian ≥18 years of age, and willing and able to provide written informed consent in a study language (English, Nyanja, or Bemba).

Exclusion Criteria

1. With documented age-appropriate, guideline-adherent receipt of DBS-based EID HIV PCR testing;
2. Already known to be HIV-infected / receiving ART.
Minimum Eligible Age

1 Minute

Maximum Eligible Age

17 Months

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia

OTHER

Sponsor Role collaborator

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

FED

Sponsor Role collaborator

University of Alabama at Birmingham

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Albert Manasyan

Principal Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Albert Manasyan, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Locations

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George Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Kalingalinga Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Kamwala Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Makeni Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Matero Ref Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

N'gombe Primary Health Clinic

Lusaka, , Zambia

Site Status

Countries

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Zambia

References

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Manasyan A, Tembo T, Dale H, Pry JM, Itoh M, Williamson D, Kapesa H, Derado J, Beard RS, Iyer S, Gass S, Mwila A, Herce ME. Differentiated community-based point-of-care early infant diagnosis to improve HIV diagnosis and ART initiation among infants and young children in Zambia: a quasi-experimental cohort study. BMJ Glob Health. 2025 Feb 20;10(2):e015759. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015759.

Reference Type DERIVED
PMID: 39979018 (View on PubMed)

Other Identifiers

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UAB Neo 016

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id