Trial Outcomes & Findings for Developing SUPPORT, a Community-Driven, Recovery-Oriented System of Care (NCT NCT03132753)

Results Overview

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

100 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline

Results posted on

2022-02-03

Participant Flow

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure	SUPPORT Group Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Baseline - 6 Month Follow-Up STARTED	46	54
Baseline - 6 Month Follow-Up COMPLETED	19	22
Baseline - 6 Month Follow-Up NOT COMPLETED	27	32
6 Month Follow-Up - 12 Month Follow-Up STARTED	19	22
6 Month Follow-Up - 12 Month Follow-Up COMPLETED	13	20
6 Month Follow-Up - 12 Month Follow-Up NOT COMPLETED	6	2

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure	SUPPORT Group Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Baseline - 6 Month Follow-Up Lost to Follow-up	27	32
6 Month Follow-Up - 12 Month Follow-Up Lost to Follow-up	6	2

Baseline Characteristics

Developing SUPPORT, a Community-Driven, Recovery-Oriented System of Care

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=46 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=54 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.	Total n=100 Participants Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical <=18 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years	46 Participants n=5 Participants	53 Participants n=7 Participants	99 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Categorical >=65 years	0 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Age, Continuous	39.0 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 8.9 • n=5 Participants	38.1 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 11.6 • n=7 Participants	38.5 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.4 • n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Female	20 Participants n=5 Participants	22 Participants n=7 Participants	42 Participants n=5 Participants
Sex: Female, Male Male	26 Participants n=5 Participants	32 Participants n=7 Participants	58 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino	2 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino	44 Participants n=5 Participants	53 Participants n=7 Participants	97 Participants n=5 Participants
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Asian	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American	12 Participants n=5 Participants	24 Participants n=7 Participants	36 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) White	30 Participants n=5 Participants	30 Participants n=7 Participants	60 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race	4 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Sexual Orientation Straight	41 Participants n=5 Participants	51 Participants n=7 Participants	92 Participants n=5 Participants
Sexual Orientation Gay/Lesbian	3 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Sexual Orientation Bisexual	1 Participants n=5 Participants	2 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Sexual Orientation Other	0 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	0 Participants n=5 Participants
Sexual Orientation Don't know/Not Sure	1 Participants n=5 Participants	0 Participants n=7 Participants	1 Participants n=5 Participants
Military Status Served in military	1 Participants n=5 Participants	3 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Military Status Not served in military	45 Participants n=5 Participants	51 Participants n=7 Participants	96 Participants n=5 Participants
Education Level Lower than high school	9 Participants n=5 Participants	11 Participants n=7 Participants	20 Participants n=5 Participants
Education Level High school/GED	21 Participants n=5 Participants	24 Participants n=7 Participants	45 Participants n=5 Participants
Education Level College or above	16 Participants n=5 Participants	19 Participants n=7 Participants	35 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Shelter	8 Participants n=5 Participants	8 Participants n=7 Participants	16 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Street/Outdoors	2 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	3 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Institution	4 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	10 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Housed: own	5 Participants n=5 Participants	7 Participants n=7 Participants	12 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Housed: someone else's	9 Participants n=5 Participants	14 Participants n=7 Participants	23 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Housed: halfway house	9 Participants n=5 Participants	5 Participants n=7 Participants	14 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Housed: residential treatment	6 Participants n=5 Participants	12 Participants n=7 Participants	18 Participants n=5 Participants
Housing Status Housed: other	3 Participants n=5 Participants	1 Participants n=7 Participants	4 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment Status Employed	6 Participants n=5 Participants	6 Participants n=7 Participants	12 Participants n=5 Participants
Employment Status Unemployed	40 Participants n=5 Participants	48 Participants n=7 Participants	88 Participants n=5 Participants
Treatment Motivation External Reasons	2.1 score on scale n=5 Participants	2.5 score on scale n=7 Participants	2.4 score on scale n=5 Participants
Treatment Motivation Internal Reasons	6.2 score on scale n=5 Participants	6.4 score on scale n=7 Participants	6.3 score on scale n=5 Participants
Treatment Motivation Help Seeking	6.0 score on scale n=5 Participants	6.5 score on scale n=7 Participants	6.0 score on scale n=5 Participants
Treatment Motivation Confidence	6.4 score on scale n=5 Participants	6.6 score on scale n=7 Participants	6.4 score on scale n=5 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=46 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=54 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol use	38 Participants	45 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol use	8 Participants	9 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days illegal drug use	35 Participants	43 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days illegal drug use	11 Participants	11 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol or illegal drug use	32 Participants	40 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol or illegal drug use	14 Participants	14 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol use	18 Participants	14 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol use	1 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days illegal drug use	17 Participants	21 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days illegal drug use	2 Participants	1 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol or illegal drug use	16 Participants	13 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol or illegal drug use	3 Participants	9 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol use	13 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol use	0 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days illegal drug use	10 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days illegal drug use	3 Participants	8 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 0 days alcohol or illegal drug use	10 Participants	12 Participants
Number of Participants Reporting Substance Use 1-30 days alcohol or illegal drug use	3 Participants	8 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline- 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 1.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol and illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 1.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=10 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=17 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol and illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

Using the Frequency of Drug Use scale, we measured self-reported use of alcohol, sedative, tranquilizers, painkillers, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, crack, hallucinogens, inhalants, heroin, and prescription medications. Respondents are asked to indicate the number of days having used each listed drug within the past 30 days. The minimum value is 0, and the maximum value is 30.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 2.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Number of Days That Participants Reported Substance Use Number of days using alcohol and illegal drugs	0 days Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 days Interval 0.0 to 1.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) is a 19-item instrument that measures readiness to change behaviors related to substance use, using a 5 point scale 1 (Strongly Disagree), 2 (Disagree), 3 (Undecided), 4 (Agree), 5 (Strongly Agree). This measure is best used to assess stages of change at baseline; subsequent changes might not be clinically relevant. Subscales: 1. Recognition: A higher score indicates acknowledgement of the problem, possible harm, desires change. (Range: 7-35) 2. Ambivalence: A higher score reflects openness to reflection on drug use. A lower score may mean they "know" their drug use is causing problems (high Recognition), or they "know" that they do not have drug use problems (low Recognition). Thus, a low Ambivalence score should be interpreted in relation to the Recognition score. (Range: 4-20) 3. Taking steps: A higher score means steps have been taken, and they may already be experiencing success. (Range: 8-40)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Readiness to Change Recognition	-1 score on a scale Interval -4.0 to 0.0	-1.08 score on a scale Interval -4.0 to 1.0
Difference in Readiness to Change Ambivalence	-1 score on a scale Interval -4.0 to 1.0	-1 score on a scale Interval -3.0 to 2.0
Difference in Readiness to Change Taking steps	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 0.0	0 score on a scale Interval -2.0 to 1.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) is a 19-item instrument that measures readiness to change behaviors related to substance use, using a 5 point scale 1 (Strongly Disagree), 2 (Disagree), 3 (Undecided), 4 (Agree), 5 (Strongly Agree). This measure is best used to assess stages of change at baseline; subsequent changes might not be clinically relevant. Subscales: 1. Recognition: A higher score indicates acknowledgement of the problem, possible harm, desires change. (Range: 7-35) 2. Ambivalence: A higher score reflects openness to reflection on drug use. A lower score may mean they "know" their drug use is causing problems (high Recognition), or they "know" that they do not have drug use problems (low Recognition). Thus, a low Ambivalence score should be interpreted in relation to the Recognition score. (Range: 4-20) 3. Taking steps: A higher score means steps have been taken, and they may already be experiencing success. (Range: 8-40)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Readiness to Change Recognition	-1 score on a scale Interval -7.0 to 1.0	-2 score on a scale Interval -9.0 to 0.0
Difference in Readiness to Change Ambivalence	-3 score on a scale Interval -6.0 to -0.5	-1 score on a scale Interval -4.0 to 1.0
Difference in Readiness to Change Taking steps	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 2.0	0 score on a scale Interval -2.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Stages of Change, Readiness, and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES) is a 19-item instrument that measures readiness to change behaviors related to substance use, using a 5 point scale 1 (Strongly Disagree), 2 (Disagree), 3 (Undecided), 4 (Agree), 5 (Strongly Agree). This measure is best used to assess stages of change at baseline; subsequent changes might not be clinically relevant. Subscales: 1. Recognition: A higher score indicates acknowledgement of the problem, possible harm, desires change. (Range: 7-35) 2. Ambivalence: A higher score reflects openness to reflection on drug use. A lower score may mean they "know" their drug use is causing problems (high Recognition), or they "know" that they do not have drug use problems (low Recognition). Thus, a low Ambivalence score should be interpreted in relation to the Recognition score. (Range: 4-20) 3. Taking steps: A higher score means steps have been taken, and they may already be experiencing success. (Range: 8-40)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Readiness to Change Recognition	-5 score on a scale Interval -11.0 to 0.0	-2.5 score on a scale Interval -15.0 to 1.0
Difference in Readiness to Change Ambivalence	-4 score on a scale Interval -8.0 to -3.0	-2 score on a scale Interval -5.5 to 0.5
Difference in Readiness to Change Taking steps	0 score on a scale Interval -3.0 to 4.0	-1 score on a scale Interval -3.3 to 0.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. One of the four items requests participants to report on their general health, with a scale of (1) excellent, (2) very good, (3) good, (4) fair, (5) poor.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Perceived General Health	0 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 1.0	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. One of the four items requests participants to report on their general health, with a scale of (1) excellent, (2) very good, (3) good, (4) fair, (5) poor.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Perceived General Health	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 1.0	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. One of the four items requests participants to report on their general health, with a scale of (1) excellent, (2) very good, (3) good, (4) fair, (5) poor.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Perceived General Health	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 0.0	0 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. Two of the four items requested the number of unhealthy days, physically or mentally, out of the past 30 days. These are reported as a sum. One of the four items requested the number of days that usual activities are prevented due to poor physical or mental health are also reported out of the past 30 days.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days physically/mentally unhealthy	-1 Days Interval -10.0 to 9.0	0 Days Interval -15.0 to 0.0
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days that usual activities prevented	-2.5 Days Interval -7.0 to 2.0	0 Days Interval -13.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. Two of the four items requested the number of unhealthy days, physically or mentally, out of the past 30 days. These are reported as a sum. One of the four items requested the number of days that usual activities are prevented due to poor physical or mental health are also reported out of the past 30 days.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days physically/mentally unhealthy	-2.5 Days Interval -23.0 to 4.0	0 Days Interval -14.5 to 4.0
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days that usual activities prevented	0 Days Interval -6.0 to 1.0	0 Days Interval 0.0 to 2.5

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the 4-item Current Quality of Life Scale, we measured an individual's perceived general physical and mental health during the past 30 days. Self-perception of current physical and mental health is indicative of a person's current health and future health outcomes. The general assessment of health has been shown to be both a solid measure of self-reported health and a powerful predictor of mortality and morbidity. Two of the four items requested the number of unhealthy days, physically or mentally, out of the past 30 days. These are reported as a sum. One of the four items requested the number of days that usual activities are prevented due to poor physical or mental health are also reported out of the past 30 days.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days physically/mentally unhealthy	-2 Days Interval -30.0 to 4.0	-2 Days Interval -16.0 to 4.0
Difference in Quality of Life: Unhealthy Days or Days Limited by Poor Health Number of days that usual activities prevented	-4 Days Interval -7.0 to 0.0	0 Days Interval -20.0 to 0.0

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months

Incarceration was measured through publicly available data on arrests, convictions, and periods of incarceration in Indiana. We searched each name in state prison and county jail records and identified them as incarcerated if their name appeared in the jail or prison data during the 12 month study window of their enrollment. Note: At baseline, we confirmed with our community partner that each participant had been in prison or jail, or on work release, within the past 3 months. However, this did not match the publicly available data, indicating that the available data is likely incomplete.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=46 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=54 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Frequency of Incarceration Not incarcerated in jail or prison	28 Participants	43 Participants
Frequency of Incarceration Incarcerated in jail or prison	18 Participants	11 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: 12 months

Incarceration was measured through publicly available data on arrests, convictions, and periods of incarceration in Indiana. We searched each name in state prison and county jail records and identified them as incarcerated if their name appeared in the jail or prison data during the 12 month study window of their enrollment. Note: At baseline, we confirmed with our community partner that each participant had been in prison or jail, or on work release, within the past 3 months. However, this did not match the publicly available data, indicating that the available data is likely incomplete.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=46 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=54 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Frequency of Incarceration Not incarcerated in jail or prison	30 Participants	47 Participants
Frequency of Incarceration Incarcerated in jail or prison	16 Participants	7 Participants

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

The Self-Determination Scale (SDS) assesses individual differences in the extent to which people tend to function in a self-determined way. It is considered a relatively enduring aspect of people's personalities which reflects being more aware of their feelings and sense of self and feeling a sense of choice with respect to their behavior. The SDS is a 10-item scale, with two 5-item subscales: (1) awareness of oneself and (2) perceived choice in one's actions. We utilized only the second scale on perceived choice. These 5-items present respondents with 2 statements: Statement (A) indicates more choice and Statement (B) indicates less choice. Respondents answer on a five point scale: 1 "Only A feels true", 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 "Only B feels true." For perceived choice, the 5 items are reverse scored so that higher scores on every item will indicate a higher level of self-determination. Range: (5-25)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Determination	0.2 score on a scale Interval -0.4 to 1.2	0.3 score on a scale Interval -0.4 to 0.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

The Self-Determination Scale (SDS) assesses individual differences in the extent to which people tend to function in a self-determined way. It is considered a relatively enduring aspect of people's personalities which reflects being more aware of their feelings and sense of self and feeling a sense of choice with respect to their behavior. The SDS is a 10-item scale, with two 5-item subscales: (1) awareness of oneself and (2) perceived choice in one's actions. We utilized only the second scale on perceived choice. These 5-items present respondents with 2 statements: Statement (A) indicates more choice and Statement (B) indicates less choice. Respondents answer on a five point scale: 1 "Only A feels true", 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 "Only B feels true." For perceived choice, the 5 items are reverse scored so that higher scores on every item will indicate a higher level of self-determination. Range: (5-25)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Determination	0.2 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 0.4	0 score on a scale Interval -0.4 to 0.2

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points

The Self-Determination Scale (SDS) assesses individual differences in the extent to which people tend to function in a self-determined way. It is considered a relatively enduring aspect of people's personalities which reflects being more aware of their feelings and sense of self and feeling a sense of choice with respect to their behavior. The SDS is a 10-item scale, with two 5-item subscales: (1) awareness of oneself and (2) perceived choice in one's actions. We utilized only the second scale on perceived choice. These 5-items present respondents with 2 statements: Statement (A) indicates more choice and Statement (B) indicates less choice. Respondents answer on a five point scale: 1 "Only A feels true", 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 "Only B feels true." For perceived choice, the 5 items are reverse scored so that higher scores on every item will indicate a higher level of self-determination. Range: (5-25)

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Determination	0.7 score on a scale Interval -0.2 to 1.2	0.5 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 0.8

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the General Self Efficacy Scale, we measured an individual's belief about whether problems or barriers can be confronted and addressed with a successful outcome. This scale can be used to determine how the respondent copes with daily hassles and adapts to stressful life events. Self-efficacy is indicative of subsequent behavior and can be used for clinical practice and psychological research. The 10-item instrument uses a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true), so the composite score ranges from 10 to 40 with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Efficacy	1 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 3.0	1 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 5.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: 6 months - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the General Self Efficacy Scale, we measured an individual's belief about whether problems or barriers can be confronted and addressed with a successful outcome. This scale can be used to determine how the respondent copes with daily hassles and adapts to stressful life events. Self-efficacy is indicative of subsequent behavior and can be used for clinical practice and psychological research. The 10-item instrument uses a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true), so the composite score ranges from 10 to 40 with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy (a better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Efficacy	-1 score on a scale Interval -3.0 to 1.5	1 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

Using the General Self Efficacy Scale, we measured an individual's belief about whether problems or barriers can be confronted and addressed with a successful outcome. This scale can be used to determine how the respondent copes with daily hassles and adapts to stressful life events. Self-efficacy is indicative of subsequent behavior and can be used for clinical practice and psychological research. The 10-item instrument uses a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (not at all true) to 4 (exactly true), so the composite score ranges from 10 to 40 with higher score indicating greater self-efficacy (a better outcome).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Self Efficacy	4 score on a scale Interval -1.0 to 8.0	1 score on a scale Interval -0.5 to 5.5

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Respondents identify individuals who make up their social networks. Each individual is identified as an alter, and alters are totaled to determine network size.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Number of Alters That Participants Identified in Their Social Network	0 alters Interval -2.0 to 1.0	0 alters Interval -2.0 to 1.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Respondents identify individuals who make up their social networks. Each individual is identified as an alter, and alters are totaled to determine network size.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in Number of Alters That Participants Identified in Their Social Network	0 alters Interval -1.0 to 0.0	0 alters Interval -1.0 to 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify how close they are to each alter using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Below is the difference in the fraction of network close to the subject. Results are presented for the fraction of the network identified as being "very close", as well as combined "very close" or "sort of close".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network That Are Close to Subject Very close	0 alters Interval -0.07 to 0.25	0 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.25
Difference in the Fraction of Network That Are Close to Subject Very close or sort of close	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify how close they are to each alter using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Below is the difference in the fraction of network close to the subject. Results are presented for the fraction of the network identified as being "very close", as well as combined "very close" or "sort of close".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network That Are Close to Subject Very close	0.33 alters Interval -0.08 to 0.57	-0.07 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network That Are Close to Subject Very close or sort of close	-0.07 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.16	0 alters Interval -0.03 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Network closeness refers to the closeness of the participant's network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each original alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3. A lower score indicates a stronger network.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=16 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Sum	-0.5 score on a scale Interval -5.5 to 1.0	-1 score on a scale Interval -5.0 to 2.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Network closeness refers to the closeness of the participant's network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each original alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3. A lower score indicates a stronger network.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=9 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=18 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Sum	0.5 score on a scale Interval -1.5 to 3.0	0.5 score on a scale Interval -5.0 to 5.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Network closeness refers to the closeness of the participant's network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each original alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3. A lower score indicates a stronger network.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=16 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Average	0 score on a scale Interval -0.25 to 0.3	0.17 score on a scale Interval -0.33 to 0.58

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. This component focuses on the closeness of the participants network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3, with a lower score indicating more closeness. Below is the difference in the network closeness. The range for this scale will differ, depending on the number of alters identified.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=9 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=18 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Average	0.37 score on a scale Interval -0.5 to 0.83	0.33 score on a scale Interval -0.33 to 0.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Network closeness refers to the closeness of the participant's network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each original alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3. A lower score indicates a stronger network.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=16 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Density	0.18 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 0.42	0 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 0.4

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. Network closeness refers to the closeness of the participant's network (i.e. how close the alters identified are to one another). After identifying alters within their network, respondents are asked to identify how close each alter is to one another using a 3-point scale: (1) Very close, (2) Sort of close, (3) Not very close. Thus, for each original alter pair, the respondent scores their closeness on a range of 1 to 3. A lower score indicates a stronger network.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=9 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=18 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Network Closeness Density	0.08 score on a scale Interval -0.07 to 0.42	0 score on a scale Interval 0.0 to 0.1

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify how often they see this person or talk to them on the phone or video chat using a 3-point scale (1) Often, (2) Occasionally, (3) Hardly Ever. Below is the difference in the fraction of network communicating with the subject. Results are presented for the fraction of the network identified as communicating "often", as well as combined "often" or "occasionally".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Communicating With Subject Often	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.25	0 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.08
Difference in the Fraction of Network Communicating With Subject Often or occasionally	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify how often they see this person or talk to them on the phone or video chat using a 3-point scale(1) Often, (2) Occasionally, (3) Hardly Ever. Below is the difference in the fraction of network communicating with the subject. Results are presented for the fraction of the network identified as communicating "often", as well as combined "often" or "occasionally".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Communicating With Subject Often	0.17 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.4	0 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.09
Difference in the Fraction of Network Communicating With Subject Often or occasionally	0 alters Interval -0.15 to 0.0	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify types of support provided by alters. Examples are given (listed below) and subjects select all that apply. Below is the difference in the fraction network providing support to the subject.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Listens when they are feeling down or upset	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.25	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Tells them they care about what happens to them	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 alters Interval -0.17 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Gives suggestions to them when they have a problem	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.25	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.2
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Tries to help them with daily chores	0 alters Interval -0.14 to 0.25	0 alters Interval -0.04 to 0.5
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Helps them out when they are short on money	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.42	0 alters Interval -0.47 to 0.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify types of support provided by alters. Examples are given (listed below) and subjects select all that apply. Below is the difference in the fraction network providing support to the subject.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Listens when they are feeling down or upset	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.33	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Tells them they care about what happens to them	0 alters Interval -0.17 to 0.0	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Gives suggestions to them when they have a problem	0.19 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.25	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Tries to help them with daily chores	0 alters Interval -0.17 to 0.23	0 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.33
Difference in the Fraction of Network Providing Support to the Subject Helps them out when they are short on money	0.21 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.43	0 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.17

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify whether the alter ever hassles them, causes them problems, or makes life difficult, using a 3-point scale: (1) A lot, (2) Sometimes, (3) No/Not Really. Below is the difference in the fraction of network causing the subject problems. For analysis, we combined "a lot" and "sometimes" into a single category and compared it to "no/not really".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Causing Subject Problems	0 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.14	0 alters Interval -0.14 to 0.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify whether the alter ever hassles them, causes them problems, or makes life difficult, using a 3-point scale: (1) A lot, (2) Sometimes, (3) No/Not Really. Below is the difference in the fraction of network causing the subject problems. For analysis, we combined "a lot" and "sometimes" into a single category and compared it to "no/not really".

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Causing Subject Problems	-0.29 alters Interval -0.5 to 0.14	0 alters Interval -0.25 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 6 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify whether the alter uses alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs/medication for reasons other their prescribed purposes. Below is the difference in the fraction of the network using a substance(s).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=19 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=22 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Alcohol	0 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.25	0 alters Interval -0.09 to 0.16
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Tobacco	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.17	-0.07 alters Interval -0.27 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Drugs	0 alters Interval 0.0 to 0.0	0 alters Interval -0.17 to 0.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline - 12 months

Population: Note that analysis was limited to subjects with available data at both time points.

The Social Networks tool is an interviewer-administered questionnaire to assess whom respondents depend on for help in important general matters and specific health matters. This measure captures each of the respondent's network members and a complete assessment of network structure to construct the respondent's social network and whom they rely on for help with health-related and other matters. After identifying their network, respondents are asked to identify whether the alter uses alcohol, tobacco, or illicit drugs/medication for reasons other their prescribed purposes. Below is the difference in the fraction of the network using a substance(s).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure	SUPPORT Group n=13 Participants Subjects enrolled in the intervention. SUPPORT clients will be offered 12 months of support service with a recovery coach. The recovery coach will guide the client through their recovery, offering guidance and support, while coordinating their treatment services, including support services. The program will provide clients with up to $700 worth of vouchers to cover the cost of additional flexible support services over the 12 months of program enrollment, which will be personalized to fit the needs of the client. These cost vouchers will cover support services, such as housing, employment services, substance use treatment, transportation, childcare, educational or vocational services, or aftercare planning. The costs of each service is determined by the service provider. Further, the recovery coach will assist the client in choosing appropriate services and coordinating/monitoring service completion.	Standard Care Group n=20 Participants Subjects enrolled in standard services.
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Alcohol	-0.04 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.0	0 alters Interval -0.17 to 0.21
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Tobacco	0 alters Interval -0.27 to 0.08	-0.19 alters Interval -0.33 to 0.0
Difference in the Fraction of Network Using Substance(s) Drugs	0 alters Interval -0.08 to 0.14	0 alters Interval -0.15 to 0.0

Adverse Events

SUPPORT Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 2 deaths

Standard Care Group

Serious events: 0 serious events

Other events: 0 other events

Deaths: 1 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Additional Information

Dennis Watson

Chestnut Health's Lighthouse Institute; Chicago, Illinois

Phone: 224-534-0114

Email: [email protected]

Results disclosure agreements

Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
Publication restrictions are in place