Hepatitis C Treatment in PWIDs: MAT or Syringe Exchange Assisted-therapy vs Standard of Care

NCT ID: NCT03093415

Last Updated: 2020-11-12

Study Results

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Basic Information

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Recruitment Status

COMPLETED

Clinical Phase

PHASE4

Total Enrollment

100 participants

Study Classification

INTERVENTIONAL

Study Start Date

2017-05-30

Study Completion Date

2019-06-06

Brief Summary

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hepatitis C virus (HCV) has traditionally been treated in subspecialty health centers given the complexity of older pegylated interferon containing regimens, formerly the standard of care. This model has persisted into the modern era of direct anti-viral agents (DAAs) despite their relative simplicity, creating a bottleneck of human resources necessary to fight the largest infectious epidemic in North America. In addition, stigma and fear over cost has lead payers to restrict treatment in People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs), even though a majority of new infections occur in this population.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment of HCV with elbasvir-grasoprevir in PWIDs in a real world, community health clinic setting.

There are two prospective cohorts of PWIDs of 25 patients each, both in primary care-based community health clinics in Portland, Oregon. Cohort one is actively engaged with ambulatory medication assisted therapy with buprenorphine or extended released injectable naltrexone. Cohort two maintains active injection drug use with needle exchange and risk reduction education.

These groups are compared to a 50 patient retrospective cohort of people with substance use disorders at tertiary care hepatology-based treatment program.

All patients have genotype 1 or 4 HCV and are treated with elbasvir-grasoprevir for 12 weeks.

The investigators hypothesize there is no difference in sustained viremic response at 12 or 48 weeks post-completion of treatment (SVR 12, 48) when treating patients in a community health clinic setting as compared to the standard-of-care subspecialty setting.

Detailed Description

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Hepatitis C has traditionally been treated in subspecialty health centers given the complexity of older pegylated interferon containing regimens, formerly the standard of care. This model has persisted into the modern era of direct anti-viral agents (DAAs) despite their relative simplicity, creating a bottleneck of human resources necessary to fight the largest infectious epidemic in North America. In addition, stigma and fear over cost has lead payers to restrict treatment in People Who Inject Drugs (PWIDs), even though a majority of new infections occur in this population.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with elbasvir-grasoprevir in people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in a real world, community health clinic setting.

There are two prospective cohorts of PWIDs of 25 patients each, both in primary care-based community health clinics in Portland, Oregon. Cohort one is actively engaged with ambulatory medication assisted therapy with buprenorphine or extended released injectable naltrexone. Cohort two maintains active injection drug use with needle exchange and risk reduction education.

These groups are compared to a 50 patient retrospective cohort of people with substance use disorders at tertiary care hepatology-based Academic Health Center.

All patients have genotype 1 or 4 HCV and are treated with elbasvir-grasoprevir for 12 weeks. The investigators exclude patients who: are under the age of 18; have a history of liver transplant; have failed past treatment of HCV; have an Aspartate aminotransferase Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) \> 0.7 or APRI \>0.7 but fibrosure/fibroscan of F2 or less; patients with genotype 1a and Nonstructural 5a (NS5a) resistance associated variants (RAVs); have clinical or radiologic evidence of cirrhosis; have aminotransferase levels \>10x upper limit of normal; have a hemoglobin of less than 11g/dL, and are co-infected with hepatitis B or HIV.

The investigators hypothesize there is no difference in sustained viremic response at 12 or 48 weeks post-completion treatment (SVR 12, 48) when treating patients with a DAA in a community health clinic setting as compared to the standard-of-care subspecialty setting.

Conditions

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Hepatitis C Substance Use Disorders Substance Abuse, Intravenous

Keywords

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Hepatitis C HCV People Who Inject Drugs PWID Medication Assisted Therapy MAT Needle Exchange Program

Study Design

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Allocation Method

NON_RANDOMIZED

Intervention Model

PARALLEL

Two parallel investigational groups in different community health clinic treatment settings assigned to treatment with elbasvir-grazoprevir as compared to an academic hepatology clinic retrospective cohort treated with elbasvir-grazoprevir.
Primary Study Purpose

TREATMENT

Blinding Strategy

NONE

Study Groups

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Old Town Clinic, Medication Assisted Therapy group

25 People Who Inject Drugs engaged in a Medication Assisted Therapy treatment program for their substance use disorder, treated for their HCV using elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg) for 12 weeks.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

12 week treatment of elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Outside In Clinic, Needle Exchange Program

25 People Who Inject Drugs engaged in a Needle Exchange Program with risk reduction education, treated for their HCV using elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg) for 12 weeks.

Group Type ACTIVE_COMPARATOR

elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

12 week treatment of elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

OHSU Hepatology Clinic, Academic center Retrospective Cohort

50 people with substance use disorder and HCV engaged with an Academic Hepatology Clinic (Oregon Health \& Sciences University, OHSU) and treated with elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg) for 12 weeks.

Group Type OTHER

elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

12 week treatment of elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Interventions

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elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

12 week treatment of elbasvir-grazoprevir (50 mg/100 mg)

Intervention Type DRUG

Other Intervention Names

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Zepatier

Eligibility Criteria

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Inclusion Criteria

* Genotype 1b and genotype 1a without baseline NS5A resistance or Genotype 4
* APRI Score \<0.7; if \>0.7 a Fibrosure/Fibrotest or Fibroscan score of F2 or less
* No clinical or laboratory evidence of cirrhosis
* Readiness for treatment based on ability to make \>2/3 sequential office visits
* Patients must be assessed to have decision-making capacity, be capable of consenting, and not be displaying evidence of overt intoxication.

Exclusion Criteria

* Clinical or Laboratory Evidence of Cirrhosis
* Elevated prothrombin time unrelated to anticoagulation, hemoglobin level less than 12.3 g/L in females and \<14 g/L in males, platelet count \<150 × 109 cells/L), white blood cells (WBC) \<4.0 x103/mm3 , aminotransferase levels more than 10 times the upper limit of normal, or albumin level \<3.5 g/L.
* Previous treatment for hepatitis C infection
* Hepatocellular carcinoma
* HIV or hepatitis B virus co-infection
* Subjects taking medications that are contra-indicated to administer with Zepatier including phenytoin, carbamazepine, rifampin, St. John's Wort, and cyclosporine AND unable to change these medications to one without interactions.
Minimum Eligible Age

18 Years

Eligible Sex

ALL

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sponsors

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Oregon Health and Science University

OTHER

Sponsor Role lead

Responsible Party

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Andrew Seaman

Co Investigator

Responsibility Role PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Principal Investigators

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Atif Zaman, MD

Role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR

Oregon Health and Science University

Locations

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Old Town Clinic

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Outside In

Portland, Oregon, United States

Site Status

Countries

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United States

References

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Islam MM, Topp L, Conigrave KM, White A, Reid SE, Grummett S, Haber PS, Day CA. Linkage into specialist hepatitis C treatment services of injecting drug users attending a needle syringe program-based primary healthcare centre. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012 Dec;43(4):440-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2012.07.007. Epub 2012 Aug 29.

Reference Type BACKGROUND
PMID: 22938915 (View on PubMed)

Bruggmann P, Litwin AH. Models of care for the management of hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs: one size does not fit all. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;57 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S56-61. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit271.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23884067 (View on PubMed)

Aspinall EJ, Corson S, Doyle JS, Grebely J, Hutchinson SJ, Dore GJ, Goldberg DJ, Hellard ME. Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection among people who are actively injecting drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2013 Aug;57 Suppl 2:S80-9. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit306.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23884071 (View on PubMed)

Sylvestre DL, Litwin AH, Clements BJ, Gourevitch MN. The impact of barriers to hepatitis C virus treatment in recovering heroin users maintained on methadone. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2005 Oct;29(3):159-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2005.06.002.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 16183464 (View on PubMed)

Grebely J, Knight E, Genoway KA, Viljoen M, Khara M, Elliott D, Gallagher L, Storms M, Raffa JD, DeVlaming S, Duncan F, Conway B. Optimizing assessment and treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in illicit drug users: a novel model incorporating multidisciplinary care and peer support. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Mar;22(3):270-7. doi: 10.1097/meg.0b013e32832a8c4c.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 20425880 (View on PubMed)

Newman AI, Beckstead S, Beking D, Finch S, Knorr T, Lynch C, MacKenzie M, Mayer D, Melles B, Shore R. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection among current and former injection drug users within a multidisciplinary treatment model at a community health centre. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013 Apr;27(4):217-23. doi: 10.1155/2013/515636.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 23616960 (View on PubMed)

Mason K, Dodd Z, Sockalingam S, Altenberg J, Meaney C, Millson P, Powis J. Beyond viral response: A prospective evaluation of a community-based, multi-disciplinary, peer-driven model of HCV treatment and support. Int J Drug Policy. 2015 Oct;26(10):1007-13. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.012. Epub 2015 Apr 29.

Reference Type RESULT
PMID: 26005037 (View on PubMed)

Provided Documents

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Document Type: Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan

View Document

Document Type: Informed Consent Form

View Document

Other Identifiers

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CRS00002743

Identifier Type: -

Identifier Source: org_study_id