Trial Outcomes & Findings for Effectiveness and Acceptability of Stellate Ganglion Block for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms - Effectiveness (NCT NCT03077919)

NCT ID: NCT03077919

Last Updated: 2020-05-13

Results Overview

≥ 10 point mean Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM 5 (CAPS 5) total symptom severity scores (TSSS) improvement from baseline to 8 weeks, adjusted for site and baseline TSSS (planned a priori), following paired SGB at 0 and 2 weeks. On the CAPS 5, the range for TSSS is 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse PTSD symptomatology. The CAPS-5 is a 30-item structured interview, administered by a credentialed behavioral health practitioner, that corresponds to the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD (Weathers et al. 2013, The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, Boston MA: The National Center for PTSD).

Recruitment status

COMPLETED

Study phase

NA

Target enrollment

113 participants

Primary outcome timeframe

Baseline, 8-weeks

Results posted on

2020-05-13

Participant Flow

123 participants screened eligible and completed the baseline CAPS-5

113 participants were randomized to treatment/sham and underwent the study procedure at Week 0 and Week 2.

Participant milestones

Participant milestones
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Overall Study
STARTED
74
39
Overall Study
Week 2 Visit
74
39
Overall Study
Week 4 Visit
73
38
Overall Study
Week 6 Visit
73
38
Overall Study
Week 8 Visit
71
38
Overall Study
Final CAPS
70
38
Overall Study
COMPLETED
70
38
Overall Study
NOT COMPLETED
4
1

Reasons for withdrawal

Reasons for withdrawal
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Overall Study
Lost to Follow-up
4
1

Baseline Characteristics

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Baseline characteristics by cohort

Baseline characteristics by cohort
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Total
n=113 Participants
Total of all reporting groups
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants
n=74 Participants
0 Participants
n=39 Participants
0 Participants
n=113 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
74 Participants
n=74 Participants
39 Participants
n=39 Participants
113 Participants
n=113 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants
n=74 Participants
0 Participants
n=39 Participants
0 Participants
n=113 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
10 Participants
n=74 Participants
3 Participants
n=39 Participants
13 Participants
n=113 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
64 Participants
n=74 Participants
36 Participants
n=39 Participants
100 Participants
n=113 Participants
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
0 Participants
Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.
Marital Status
Married
67 Participants
n=74 Participants
33 Participants
n=39 Participants
100 Participants
n=113 Participants
Marital Status
Unmarried
7 Participants
n=74 Participants
6 Participants
n=39 Participants
13 Participants
n=113 Participants
Military Rank
Junior Enlisted
3 Participants
n=74 Participants
3 Participants
n=39 Participants
6 Participants
n=113 Participants
Military Rank
Non-commissioned Officer
27 Participants
n=74 Participants
11 Participants
n=39 Participants
38 Participants
n=113 Participants
Military Rank
Senior Enlisted
28 Participants
n=74 Participants
19 Participants
n=39 Participants
47 Participants
n=113 Participants
Military Rank
Warrant Officer
5 Participants
n=74 Participants
3 Participants
n=39 Participants
8 Participants
n=113 Participants
Military Rank
Commissioned Officer
11 Participants
n=74 Participants
3 Participants
n=39 Participants
14 Participants
n=113 Participants
Met CAPS-5 Criteria for PTSD
60 Participants
n=74 Participants
31 Participants
n=39 Participants
91 Participants
n=113 Participants

PRIMARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Multiple imputation performed for missing data; Mean change - Adjusted for site and baseline CAPS TSSS; adjusted mean reduction in TSSS from baseline to week 8 by treatment group from per-protocol analysis and secondary analysis among those who fulfilled CAPS 5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD at baseline were consistent with those from ITT analyses

≥ 10 point mean Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM 5 (CAPS 5) total symptom severity scores (TSSS) improvement from baseline to 8 weeks, adjusted for site and baseline TSSS (planned a priori), following paired SGB at 0 and 2 weeks. On the CAPS 5, the range for TSSS is 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse PTSD symptomatology. The CAPS-5 is a 30-item structured interview, administered by a credentialed behavioral health practitioner, that corresponds to the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD (Weathers et al. 2013, The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5, Boston MA: The National Center for PTSD).

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Clinician Administered PTSD Score (CAPS-5) TSSS
Baseline
37.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.13
39.82 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.23
Clinician Administered PTSD Score (CAPS-5) TSSS
8-week follow-up
25.67 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.13
33.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.60

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate symptoms measured by PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) at baseline; On the PCL 5, the range is 0 to 80, with higher scores indicating worse PTSD symptomatology.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
PTSD Checklist (PCL-5)
Baseline
41.54 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 14.03
43.23 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.13
PTSD Checklist (PCL-5)
8-week follow-up
29.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 19.29
38.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 18.23

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate symptoms measured by PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C) at baseline; The total symptom severity score ranges from 17 to 85. The higher the score, the more severe the PTSD symptomatology

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C)
Baseline
53.30 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 13.64
54.95 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 15.67
PTSD Checklist Civilian (PCL-C)
8-week follow-up
42.41 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.47
50.65 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 17.04

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.-Plus) Suicidality Items at 8 weeks. The higher the score, the more severe the pathology. If an individual answers "yes" to any of seven initial questions concerning suicidal ideation in the past two months, they are asked an additional four questions regarding current suicidal ideation. Any positive answer on these four current questions triggers an automated alert system.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.-Plus) Suicidality Items
Baseline
0 number of events
Interval 0.0 to 3.0
0 number of events
Interval 0.0 to 3.0
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.-Plus) Suicidality Items
8-week follow-up
0 number of events
Interval 0.0 to 3.0
0 number of events
Interval 0.0 to 4.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

to evaluate symptoms measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test at 8 weeks. Based on a scale of 0 to 12, a score of 4 or greater is considered positive in males, while a score of 3 or more is positive among females.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT/AUDIT-C)
Baseline
2.74 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.64
3.18 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 4.26
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT/AUDIT-C)
8-week follow-up
2.72 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.71
2.62 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 3.80

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by the Kessler Psychiatric Distress Scale (K6) at 8 weeks. Scores range from 0 to 24 resulting from 6 items administered on a scale of 0 to 4, with a score of 13 or greater indicative of serious psychological distress in the U.S. general population.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Kessler Psychiatric Distress Scale (K6)
Baseline
10.08 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.55
10.33 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.01
Kessler Psychiatric Distress Scale (K6)
8-week follow-up
7.80 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.41
10.00 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) at 8 weeks; On the PHQ-9, the range is 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating worse depression symptomatology.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Baseline
12.57 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.05
12.69 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.61
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
8-week follow-up
8.68 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.02
11.76 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.25

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item survey (GAD-7) at 8 weeks;On the GAD-7, the range is 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating worse anxiety symptomatology.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Survey (GAD-7)
Baseline
12.39 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.35
12.49 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 5.50
Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Survey (GAD-7)
8-week follow-up
8.11 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.02
11.19 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 6.38

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) at 8 weeks. The score mean is 50; standard deviation of 10. The physical component score (PCS-12) is one of two summary scores reported for the SF-12. Higher scores indicate better physical health. The United States population average PCS-12 is 50 points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) of Physical Functioning
Baseline
41.04 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.16
42.01 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 7.87
12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) of Physical Functioning
8-week follow-up
43.43 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.33
41.28 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 8.18

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: \[\*\] Analysis Population Description Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by the Short Pain Scale at 8 weeks; On the pain rating, the range is 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating worse pain.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Short Pain Scale
Baseline
4.61 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.40
4.95 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.21
Short Pain Scale
8-week follow-up
4.10 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.51
4.86 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 2.30

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by a decrease in Current Medications at 8 weeks; in order to assess the potential impact of medication use concurrent with study participation, information on prescription psychotropics (including stimulants, anxiolytics, and antidepressants), anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, anticholinergic drugs, opioids, nicotine, sleeping medications, antihypertensives, and sympathomimetics/sympatholytics was collected.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Current Medications
Baseline
1 Medications
Interval 0.0 to 12.0
2 Medications
Interval 0.0 to 6.0
Current Medications
8-week follow-up
1 Medications
Interval 0.0 to 13.0
1 Medications
Interval 0.0 to 5.0

SECONDARY outcome

Timeframe: Baseline, 8-weeks

Population: Adjusted for site, gender, age, visit, and interaction between visit and treatment.

to evaluate whether right-sided stellate ganglion block (SGB) performed at 0 and 2 weeks will result in improvement in symptoms measured by the Short Mental Functioning Scale at 8 weeks. The score mean is 50; standard deviation of 10. The mental component score (MCS-12) is one of two summary scores reported for the SF-12. Higher scores indicate better mental health. The United States population average MCS-12 is 50 points.

Outcome measures

Outcome measures
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 Participants
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 Participants
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
12 Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) of Mental Functioning
Baseline
41.24 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 11.32
40.16 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.84
12 Item Short Form Survey (SF-12) of Mental Functioning
8-week follow-up
42.83 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 10.22
40.17 score on a scale
Standard Deviation 9.50

Adverse Events

Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 5 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Sham Treatment

Serious events: 0 serious events
Other events: 1 other events
Deaths: 0 deaths

Serious adverse events

Adverse event data not reported

Other adverse events

Other adverse events
Measure
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)
n=74 participants at risk
7-10 mL 0.5% ropivacaine injected under ultrasound visualization ventral to right longus coli muscle (around and into the ventral fascia) and into the longus coli immediately dorsal to the presumed ventral fascia, at the level of the C6 anterior tubercle (landmarks for stellate ganglion). Ropivacaine: 0.5% ropivacaine
Sham Treatment
n=39 participants at risk
1-2 mL preservative-free normal saline, injected under ultrasound visualization anterolateral to right anterior tubercle of C6. Sham treatment: preservative-free normal saline
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Temporary irritation of larynx which resulted in coughing
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Pain and redness at injection site
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
Nervous system disorders
Vasovagal syncope with insertion of the IV
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
Endocrine disorders
Detection of nodule or cyst (< 1 cm) in thyroid gland
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
Cardiac disorders
Self-resolving episode of bradycardia (30-second duration; minimum heart rate of 32)
1.4%
1/74 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
0.00%
0/39 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
Nervous system disorders
Report of mild, relative increase in pre-existing right tinnitus
0.00%
0/74 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.
2.6%
1/39 • Number of events 1 • Adverse event data was collected for eight weeks.

Additional Information

Kristine L. Rae Olmsted, MSPH

RTI International

Phone: 919-541-8035

Results disclosure agreements

  • Principal investigator is a sponsor employee
  • Publication restrictions are in place